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Biomedical subjects

A Walsh

Publications and source records attributed to A Walsh.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Recent trends in mortality due to testicular cancer in Ireland: a comparison with England and Wales.

In the period 1961-84, the number of deaths in Ireland due to the testis cancer rose by 64%. This was due both to significant male population expansion (25.3%) and to an increased mortality rate. In the 25-34 years age group, one of the groups at highest risk, the mortality rate rose by 123%. In contrast, in England and Wales, although the male population has risen by 8.5% since 1961, the number of deaths has decreased by 17%. This is due to falling mortality rates, for example an 18% decrease in those aged 25-34 years. The highest rate of all occurred in those Irish over 75 years old. The changing Irish trends appear to lag behind those in England and Wales by some decades, and this raises important aetiological considerations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Measuring physicians' performances by using simulated patients.

The authors in this paper discuss a new approach to the assessment of physicians' performances in practice using undetected standardized (simulated) patients. Case-specific performance criteria were established for seven standardized patients by eight family physicians and two specialists. The patients were then introduced into the practices of the family physicians and of a second cohort of seven family physicians. No differences were found between the criteria-setting and the noncriteria-setting physicians; but large differences were found among the criteria, the physicians' performances as indicated by the patient, and the data recorded by the physicians on the patient chart. Depending on the method used to score the performance and the recorded data, about 30 to 45 percent of the procedures were not performed, and 50 to 70 percent of the criteria were not recorded. The implications of the study for assessment of physician performance are discussed.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1985

Measurement of physician performance by standardized patients. Refining techniques for undetected entry in physicians' offices.

The article describes the development of methods to use live simulated patients for assessment of quality of care of primary physicians. Methods used to train patients and achieve undetected entry into physicians' practices are described. The study demonstrated that patients can be entered into practices with a low rate of detection (13%) and that they are able to recall the details of the encounter with a high degree of reliability.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Inhibition of synaptosomal [3H]noradrenaline uptake by beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs: influence of lipophilicity.

Ten beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs varying in lipophilicity and beta-adrenoceptor blocking potency were examined for inhibitory effects on synaptosomal [3H]noradrenaline uptake. All compounds produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of noradrenaline uptake, but were at least one order of magnitude less potent than desmethylimipramine and cocaine. The order of potency was pronethalol greater than propranolol greater than betaxolol greater than alprenolol greater than oxprenolol greater than practolol greater than metoprolol greater than acebutolol greater than sotalol greater than atenolol, with IC50 values ranging from 4.0 X 10(-6) to 2.2 X 10(-3) M. Uptake inhibition was unrelated to beta-adrenoceptor blocking potency, but was highly correlated with drug lipophilicity. (+)-Propranolol was an effective uptake inhibitor, as was the local anaesthetic procaine. Kinetic analysis of uptake inhibition by propranolol, oxprenolol, metoprolol and procaine revealed a mixed inhibition for all four agents examined. It is suggested that this effect of beta-adrenoceptor blockers may be mediated, at least in part, by an action on membrane phospholipids associated with the noradrenaline carrier protein, and that noradrenaline uptake inhibition may underlie certain central side-effects observed with some drugs in this group.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1984

Factors associated with a good response to lithium in aggressive mentally handicapped subjects.

Twenty-five (25) mentally handicapped in-patient adults with persistent aggressive behaviour took part in a double-blind crossover trial lasting 5 months comparing the effects of lithium with placebo on aspects of aggressive behaviour. All patients were receiving neuroleptic and/or anticonvulsant drugs which were continued during the trial. Seventeen (17) of the patients showed greater improvement during the lithium phase compared to placebo. Multiple regression analysis was carried out to determine which of 17 background variables were related to outcome. The following factors were associated with a good response to lithium: less than one aggressive episode per week before starting treatment, overactivity, stereotypic behaviour, female sex and epilepsy. No patient became toxic during the investigation although lithium levels were maintained within the therapeutic range (0.5-0.8 mmol/l).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Migration of blood-borne lymphocytes into antigen-stimulated lymph nodes. A study of the kinetics of lymphocyte recruitment throughout an immune response.

The kinetics of lymphocyte recruitment into rat popliteal lymph nodes stimulated with varying doses of allogeneic lymphocytes or purified protein derivative of tuberculin differed markedly. The number of blood-borne lymphocytes entering lymph nodes stimulated with allogeneic lymphocytes was greater and the duration of their entry more prolonged than in lymph nodes stimulated with the soluble antigen purified protein derivative of tuberculin. When individual antigenic doses were compared, lymphocyte recruitment into popliteal lymph nodes was shown to be dependent upon antigenic dose; higher doses of antigen resulting in increased levels of lymphocyte recruitment. In addition it was found that there is no linear relationship between lymph node weight changes and the extent of lymphocyte recruitment.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effect of lactation on the metabolism of sheep adipose tissue.

The rates of incorporation of 14C glucose and 14C acetate into triglycerides by slices of omental adipose tissue were much lower in tissues from sheep in early lactation than in tissues from dry, non-pregnant sheep. The rates of oxidation of both substrates were also much lower in early lactation but increased again in late lactation. There was an increase in the incorporation of 14C acetate into triglycerides in late lactation and a further increase after the lambs were weaned. Lipoprotein lipase activity was lower in omental adipose tissue from lactating sheep than in tissue from dry, non-pregnant sheep. There were marked increases in the concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids in plasma and in adipose tissue during early lactation. The rate of release of glycerol by adipocytes in vitro also increased during lactation. These results suggest that there was a change from lipid deposition to lipid mobilisation during lactation.

Acetates↗
PubMed1983

Effect of epinephrine on PO2 in anterior chamber.

A polarographic oxygen electrode was inserted through the cornea into the middle of the anterior chamber, and the aqueous humor PO2 was continuously monitored. Epinephrine hydrochloride applied topically to the cornea (1% Epifrin: 0.05 to 0.1 mL) or injected into the anterior chamber (Adrenalin Chloride: 1 mg/mL, 0.05 mL) caused a marked decrease in the anterior chamber PO2. This drop in anterior chamber PO2 was not simply due to mydriasis, since atropine sulfate administered in a similar fashion did not cause a notable drop in anterior chamber PO2, and epinephrine applied to eyes with the pupils previously dilated with atropine still caused the typical drop in anterior chamber PO2. The hypoxic effects of epinephrine were reversed by injection of an alpha-adrenergic blocker, phentolamine mesylate (5 mg/mL, 0.05 mL), into the anterior chamber.

Animals↗