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Biomedical subjects

A W Craft

Publications and source records attributed to A W Craft.

208 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1973

Bicycle injuries in children.

An analysis of 405 bicycle accidents in children under 15 years of age resulting in their attendance at hospital has shown that those having accidents while riding modern "high-rise" bicycles suffered head injury and bone fracture and required hospital admission more frequently than did those riding conventional models. "High-rise" accidents tended to occur on newly acquired and borrowed machines, suggesting that lack of experience of the handling properties of these bicycles may be a factor in the causation of accidents.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1972

Head injuries in children.

Two-hundred children with head injury admitted consecutively to paediatric wards in the two main hospitals in Newcastle upon Tyne have been studied. Eight children required neurosurgical operation. There were two deaths. Details of the cause and consequences of the accidents have been analysed and an attempt has been made to identify psychological or physical factors that may predispose to injury. There was a slightly higher proportion of children with what are regarded as adverse personality factors among the head injuries than in a control group and there were more left-handed children than would be expected in the general population. The results suggest that the modern "high-rise" bicycle may carry a special risk of head injury.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Childhood cancer: improved prospects for survival but is prevention possible?

With optimum treatment 65-70% of children diagnosed with cancer should be long term survivors and probably cured. Prevention is better than cure. Recent studies into the causes of childhood malignancy are reviewed. The incidence of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is steadily increasing. The cause for this may be increasing social and economic development. Exposure to electromagnetic fields has been a cause of concern for almost 20 years. A recent large case control study has shown no increased risk of cancer or leukaemia in those who have measurably increased exposure to electromagnetic fields. Leukaemia which has the cytogenetic abnormality 11q23 or MLL gene rearrangement characteristically occurs as a second malignancy after exposure to epipodophyllotoxins which act by inhibiting topoisomerase. Infant leukaemia has the same cytogenetic profile. Mothers of babies who develop infant leukaemia have high exposure to potential dietary inhibitors of topoisomerase during pregnancy. Clusters of leukaemia can probably best be accounted for by population mixing. There may be an increased risk of ALL following vitamin K given to newborns.

Causality↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[EICESS 92 (European Intergroup Cooperative Ewing's Sarcoma Study)-- preliminary results].

BACKGROUND: Ewing tumor patients' outcome is 50% to 60% with current treatment strategies. Questions concerning toxicity and secondary malignancies are of increasing importance. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 631 patients were registered with the German EICESS study center of the European Intergroup Cooperative Ewing's Sarcoma Study, 369 patients were randomized. Treatment apart from local therapy consisted of 14 courses of Vincristine, Actinomycin D, Cyclophosphamide or Ifosfamide, Adriamycin (Doxorubicin), with or without Etoposide. First results concerning event-free survival (EFS), toxicity, and the rate of secondary malignancies three years after diagnosis are presented. RESULTS: Three year EFS was 0.66 for patients with localized tumors, 0.43 for patients with primary pulmonary/pleural metastases, and 0.29 for patients with other metastases, respectively. Large tumor volume or pelvic site, especially if inoperable, were adverse prognostic factors. Both histological and MRT-defined response were positively correlated to outcome. Up to 67% of patients experienced WHO grade IV toxicity, mostly related to bone marrow depression. The treatment related mortality was 1% (6/631). Until 15.02.1999, six of 687 patients have suffered secondary malignancies, two of six after (additional) myeloablative therapy. CONCLUSIONS: EICESS 92 treatment is toxic, but manageable and compares favorably to international results. New strategies must be sought for certain risk groups of patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pulmonary function in survivors of Wilms' tumor.

The respiratory status of 47 patients surviving childhood Wilms' tumor was studied. The group that had received flank irradiation (which impinges on the lower lung) (n = 17) had a significantly lower mean percent predicted for forced expiratory volume in one second, residual volume, and total lung capacity when compared to those who had received no irradiation (n = 23). Those patients who had received whole-lung irradiation (n = 3) had significantly lower transfer factor for carbon monoxide and gas transfer per unit lung volume when compared to the nonirradiated group (n = 23). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of respiratory symptoms between the three groups. Patients receiving any form of radiotherapy for Wilms' tumor may have abnormalities of pulmonary function and should have pulmonary function tests performed as part of their long-term follow-up.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Screening infants for neuroblastoma: the parents' perspective.

Health visitors collected urine samples from 6-month-old infants in a feasibility study of infant screening for neuroblastoma. As part of the project's evaluation, a study was conducted of the parents' views and experiences of screening. Parents of the most recently screened infants were contacted: 85 (68% of those contacted) were interviewed. Despite intermittent media coverage and written and verbal information being available, parents' overall knowledge of neuroblastoma screening was poor. Thirteen percent reported that they did not know the purpose of the test. Approximately one-third of parents reported initial anxiety about the test. Where samples were repeated because of unsatisfactory results, this percentage increased to 41% for a first-repeat sample. Parents were willing to make considerable effort to provide samples for screening but worried unnecessarily because the information they were given was either inadequate or in an inappropriate format (ie, verbal instead of written).

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Screening infants for neuroblastoma: the parents' perspective in false-positive cases.

The objective of this study was to ascertain the reactions and experiences of parents whose children were defined as false-positive cases in a research program of screening 6-month-old babies for neuroblastoma. Parents of seven of the eight infants falling into this category participated in the study. Parents of five children described themselves as worried/very worried at the positive result, some contemplating the treatment involved and the possibility that their child could die. Parents waited a maximum of 3 days before the clinical investigations took place. The mother of one child was dissatisfied with the handling of the investigations, reporting a lack of information and little opportunity to discuss questions; she was subsequently more anxious about her child. Parents of two children reported lasting "concerns" that they attributed to neuroblastoma screening.

False Positive Reactions↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Returning to primary school after treatment for cancer.

Questionnaires were sent to the teachers of 14 children returning to school after treatment for childhood cancer and their 11 siblings. Forty-four control children from the same classes were also selected. Behavioral rating scores (Deasy-Spinetta) showed no differences between cases and siblings or control children in terms of learning disabilities, socialization, and emotional behavior. Teachers reported few problems on the case children's return to school, although many had been anticipated. Most children adapted well, and there were no major changes in behavior or performance. Siblings, too, coped well with the experience. The Royal Victoria Infirmary at Newcastle, where the children were treated, has two community liaison nurses and three social workers. The value of the support that they provide to both families and schools is clearly reflected in the ease with which children reintegrate into their school environment after what can be, for some, a prolonged absence.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Small-bowel volvulus during treatment for renal tumors.

Intestinal obstruction as a result of postnephrectomy adhesions occurs in up to 7% of children treated for Wilms' tumor. The authors report two children who developed small-bowel volvulus during the treatment of their renal tumor. Both underwent urgent resection of their ischemic bowel with primary anastamosis and are long-term survivors. The risk of this complication may be increased in young children with bulky tumors who receive abdominal radiotherapy.

Child, Preschool↗