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Biomedical subjects

A Vos

Publications and source records attributed to A Vos.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Prevention of colonization and infection in critically ill patients: a prospective randomized study.

In a prospective randomized study to determine whether prevention of colonization of Gram-negative bacteria results in prevention of Gram-negative bacterial infections, 96 intensive care patients were randomly allocated into a control group and a study group. The study group received oral nonabsorbable antimicrobial agents (i.e., tobramycin, amphotericin B, and polymyxin E) in addition to parenteral antibiotics. Colonization with Gram-negative microorganisms in the oropharynx, and respiratory and digestive tracts increased in the control group during their stay, while the study group did not tend to colonize with Gram-negative bacteria. In the control group, 107 nosocomial infections were diagnosed, vs. 42 nosocomial infections in the study group. Nosocomial infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria were significantly less frequent in the study group. Mortality due to an acquired infection was significantly less frequent in the study group. We conclude that colonization, infection, and subsequent mortality by nosocomial Gram-negative bacteria can be prevented by a regime of topically applied nonabsorbable antibiotics.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effect of ICS 205-930 (a specific 5-HT3 receptor antagonist) on gastric emptying of a solid meal in normal subjects.

The effects on gastric emptying of a solid meal of the specific 5-HT3-receptor antagonist ICS 205-930, 10 mg and 20 mg intravenously were assessed with a scintigraphic technique in 12 normals. The 50% emptying time was less, the lag phase was shorter and the post lag emptying rate was faster after 20 mg ICS 205-930 (p less than 0.02). After 10 mg ICS 205-930 the lag phase was significantly shorter compared with placebo (p less than 0.04). These results suggest that 5-HT3 receptors may be involved in the regulation of gastric emptying in man.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Anterior gastropexy for gastroesophageal reflux in retarded children].

With respect to the high incidence (10-15%) of gastro-esophageal reflux in mentally retarded children and the poor results of conservative treatment in this group, serious considerations should be given to antireflux surgery. In this study, the results of anterior gastropexy were analysed for a group of 17 retarded children, and compared with data from the literature about Nissen's fundoplication. With similar success rates, anterior gastropexy appears to have a negligible mortality rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Colonization and infection in surgical intensive care patients--a prospective study.

Nosocomial infections are a major problem in intensive care patients. Thirty-nine patients, requiring intensive care for 5 days or more (mean 15.8 days) were prospectively investigated, to determine the relation between colonisation and nosocomial infection. Thrice weekly, cultures from the oropharynx, respiratory and digestive tract were obtained. Colonization with aerobic gram-negative microorganisms of the oropharynx, respiratory and digestive tract significantly increased during the stay in the Intensive Care Unit. In 29 patients (74%) 78 nosocomial infections were diagnosed. The most frequent nosocomial infections were pneumonia (26 patients, 66.6%), catheter-related bacteraemia (11 patients, 28.2%), and wound infections (7 patients, 17.9%). In 59 instances (75.6%), colonization with the same potential pathogenic microorganism preceded the nosocomial infection. The overall mortality was 25.6% (10 patients), bacteraemia with aerobic gram-negative microorganisms being the cause of death in 7 patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Continuous venous access in children for long-term chemotherapy by means of an implantable system.

Between June 1983 and December 1984, 42 Port-a-Cath (PAC) systems have been implanted to establish continuous venous access in 42 children (aged 1 to 16 years) undergoing long-term chemotherapy. The PAC is a totally implantable closed system. Absence of permanent skin penetration decreases the risk of infection. The PAC gives more freedom and less discomfort to the child than a percutaneous system. The complication rate seems acceptable in comparison with that of other methods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Resection of pulmonary metastases--results, prognostic factors, reappraisal of selection criteria.

Results of resection of solitary pulmonary metastases are good. In 107 patients treated in Amsterdam with a minimal follow-up of 2 years the actuarial 5-year survival rate is 46% and the 10-year survival 32%. Widening of selection criteria seems warranted. The prognostic factors are number and size of the metastases and tumor doubling time. The time interval between treatment of the primary tumor and the metastasectomy did not influence prognosis. The primary/secondary interval should not be used as a selection criterium.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of various cytostatic drugs as local immunotherapeutic agents.

The cytostatic drugs methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, vincristin, cisplatinum, VP-16 and the newly synthesized, stabile cyclophosphamide-derivative Z-7557, were screened for possible immunopotentiating effects in local chemotherapy. With an in vivo contact sensitivity model in guinea pigs, low dosages of the drugs were introduced into antigenically stimulated lymph nodes by intradermal injections following sensitization. Marked till strong potentiation of T-cell function, as measured by the development of contact hypersensitivity, was observed with all drugs tested, except for methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil. With a similar local chemotherapeutic protocol in the guinea pig line 10 hepatocellular carcinoma-model, these latter drugs have been reported earlier to be exceptional in failing to induce tumor regression and tumor immunity. Our present results suggest that local chemotherapy of malignancies not only may reduce local tumor load, but also may affect distant metastases by facilitating the development of tumor-specific immunity.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1984

Neuroaxonal pathology of central and peripheral nervous systems in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX).

We studied three siblings and one unrelated patient with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX). Of two unrelated patients, we examined biopsies of sural nerve, soleus muscle, and achilles tendon. We also performed neurophysiologic investigations. Another patient died, and a postmortem examination of both brain and spinal cord was made. It was concluded that both the central and the peripheral nervous system were involved in CTX, but the peripheral system only to a slight degree, and that the pathology was predominantly neuroaxonal rather than demyelinating in character.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Antiparallel beta-sheets in the crystal structure of the heptapeptide Met-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly (ACTH 4-10).

The conformation of the molecules in ACTH 4-10 has been determined as part of a study of the conformations of the biologically active N-terminal fragments of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH 4-10 crystallizes in two different superstructures. The substructure considered in the present work, is monoclinic, space group C2, a = 25.75(1) A, b = 27.78(1) A, c = 20.35(1) A, beta = 114.0(1) degrees, Z = 8 molecules ACTH 4-10 plus 22 weight per cent solvent. The crystals contain antiparallel beta-sheets, the orientations of the side groups are not found, because of disorder. The present crystal structure and those of other linear oligopeptides emphasize that antiparallel beta-sheets are energetically favourable. It is very unlikely, however, that the ACTH 4-10 crystals contain the molecules in their biologically active form.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1983

Direct measurement of in vitro antibody production using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

A rapid and sensitive enzyme-linked immunoassay is described for quantitation of the secretion of cellular products during short-term (1-20 h) culture in vitro. The method is based on culture of cells, serially diluted in antigen or antibody-coated polystyrene microtitre wells. The wide applicability of this method for measurement of anti-hapten antibody, immunoglobulin and lymphokine production is stressed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The neuropathy of Cockayne syndrome.

We studied three unrelated infants and three adolescent siblings with Cockayne syndrome. The infants showed severe psychomotor retardation. Neurologic manifestations in the siblings were less severe and only slowly progressive. All patients had slowed peripheral nerve conduction. Nerve biopsies demonstrated segmental demyelination and remyelination in each case. In the infantile cases this process was severe and rapidly progressive; in the juvenile cases it was mild and chronic. Distinctive membrane-bound polymorphous inclusions were found in occasional Schwann cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Bilateral choanal atresia in two members of one family.

Two children are presented with bilateral choanal atresia: a girl with the typical features of the Treacher Collins syndrome, and a boy, a third cousin of the girl, without mandibulo-facial dysostosis. Simultaneous occurrence of choanal atresia and the Treacher Collins syndrome may be based on a defective ossification of the mesenchyme of the first visceral arch. Choanal atresia may be due to nonabsorption of the bucconasal membrane and/or extension of the sphenoid or palate bone.

Female↗
PubMed1983

Bilateral eventration of the diaphragm.

A case history is presented of a child with bilateral eventration of the diaphragm. In view of the absence of musculature and because there are no signs of neurological disorders, we would call this a bilateral congenital diaphragmatic hernia. The patient was operated upon successfully. Pathogenesis and literature of this very rare anomaly are discussed briefly.

Diaphragmatic Eventration↗
PubMed1983

Induction of immunological memory in the skin. Role of local T cell retention.

Using an experimental contact sensitivity model in guinea-pigs, evidence is presented that hapten (DNCB or oxazolone) specific T lymphocytes may persist for several months in previous sites of inflammation. Immunological memory, revealed by accelerated contact skin reactions upon retesting with the hapten, was limited to the original contact skin reaction sites. This 'local skin memory' to DNCB or oxazolone could be induced in both specific and non-specific skin inflammatory reactions, provided the animals had been sensitized to the hapten not longer than 2 weeks before. In animals which had been sensitized more than 1 month earlier, local skin memory could be induced if the animals received a booster application of hapten shortly (0-2 days) before primary skin testing. From these results we conclude that recently activated T cells may enter inflammatory sites non-specifically, producing specific local immunological memory. This memory may last several months. Accumulation of hapten specific T cells at inflammatory sites may be important in retest reactivity, in flare-up reactivity and in chronic inflammation.

Animals↗