[Some new data on consanguinity in Spain].
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Consanguinity↗
Biomedical subjects
A Valls
Publications and source records attributed to A Valls.
[Anisakis and anisakiosis].
The nematode Anisakis simplex (AS) is a world wide distributed parasite that infects consumers of raw or undercoocked parasitized fish. The clinical manifestation of Anisakiosis depend on the site in the digestive tract in which larva lodges. The symptoms develops as a result of the inflammation when the larvae penetrates the gastric mucous. Most of asymptomatic subjects show high levels of specific IgE to AS. Diagnosis of AS allergy is not simple, due to cross-reactivity with other allergens. In childhood is more difficult to make a right diagnosis than in adult population. Most of positive prick test to AS correspond to children with positive prick tests to other allergens. Cross-reactivity between this parasite and other parasites with a higher prevalence in childhood, is the cause of a false diagnosis. The secretor-excretory antigen shows a better specificity, recognizing the true parasitized patients. This antigen could be used as indicator of parasitization. To follow prevention rules AS, avoid consumption of raw fish unless frozen for 48 hours or ingestion of fresh fish always cooked for more than 20 minutes at least at 60 C.
Animals↗
[Latex allergy].
Latex allergy has become an increasing cause of morbility in the last few years and is now recognized as an international health problem. The prevalence of latex sensitization among the general population is less than 1 %. The groups at highest risk include healthcare workers, rubber industry workers, patients with a history of multiple surgical procedures, particularly children with spina bifida and urogenital abnormalities, atopic individuals, and patients with certain fruit allergies (especially kiwi, avocado, chestnut and banana). The molecular and immunological characteristics of several natural latex allergens have been identified. Symptoms range from contact urticaria to anaphylaxis. Diagnosis is based on clinical history and is confirmed by skin prick tests. Measurement of serum specific IgE to latex can also be useful. The best treatment is latex avoidance and substitution by other materials. However, because latex products are ubiquitous in medical and nonmedical devices of daily use, a latex-free environment is not easy to achieve. In some patients, immunotherapy could be an alternative.
Allergens↗
Inbreeding incidence on biological fitness in an isolated mediterranean population: La Alta Alpujarra Oriental (southeastern Spain).
The incidence of parental inbreeding on biological fitness was analysed in a sample of the Alpujarrenian population. Fitness was estimated as the fertility and offspring viability from conception to reproductive age. The analysed sample represents about 45% of the population from the Alta Alpujarra Oriental in southeastern Spain, and includes 847 families and 2916 pregnancies. The results showed slightly higher reproduction in consanguineous marriages, but the differences observed were not statistically significant. Higher pregnancy numbers are usually interpreted as stemming from greater immunological compatibility of the mother and foetus and may also reflect the significantly higher early foetal viability in this population. According to other authors, the great number of births observed in Alpujarrenian consanguineous marriages is, in part, a reproductive compensation for increased perinatal and neonatal mortality found as a possible negative result of homozygous combinations of deleterious alleles.
Abortion, Spontaneous↗
Hypersensitivity reaction after orgotein (superoxide dismutase) administration.
Orgotein is being increasingly used in the treatment of some inflammatory disorders. Up to now no hypersensitivity reaction has been reported. We present the case of an allergic reaction demonstrated by both, "in vivo" and "in vitro" tests. This finding further supports the need for an adequate control during and after orgotein administration.
Adult↗
[Gastroduodenal diverticular occlusion in a gastroenterostomy patient].
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Adult↗
In vitro donor-specific hyporesponsiveness and T cell subsets in renal allograft recipients.
In order to assess the immune mechanisms triggered by an immunosuppressive regimen consisting of prophylactic antilymphocyte globulin plus low-dose cyclosporine A and steroids, we studied the short-term evolution of both, anti donor in vitro alloresponse and peripheral blood T cell subsets in 21 recipients of a cadaveric kidney allograft. Spleen cells from cadaveric donors and peripheral blood lymphocytes from the respective recipients pretransplant (pre-Tx), at three and six months posttransplant (post-Tx) were obtained to perform one-way mixed lymphocyte cultures and flow cytometry analysis of lymphocyte subsets. The results indicated the development of donor-specific mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) hyporesponsiveness as early as three months post-Tx, paralleled by a decrease in CD4+CD29+ helper-inducer cells and by an increase in CD8+CD45RA+ suppressor lymphocytes in peripheral blood. These changes were reflected in a very good clinical outcome of the patients. The present results further suggest that suppression of the immune system just before transplantation is a suitable method to induce early specific hyporesponsiveness to the allograft.
Adult↗
Early mortality in bone marrow transplantation for acute lymphocytic leukaemia a multivariate analysis of risk factors.
OBJECTIVES: Bone marrow transplantation is still associated with a high case-fatality rate. This study was conducted to identify the risk factors for early mortality in acute lymphocytic leukaemia patients treated with bone marrow transplantation. METHODS: Prospectively collected data on 76 acute lymphocytic leukaemia patients, treated with 60 mg/kg cyclophosphamide for two consecutive days, before (32 patients) or after (44 patients) total body irradiation who received an allogeneic (56 patients) or autologous (20 patients) bone marrow transplantation were considered in the multivariate analysis including fifteen potentially prognostic variables for early mortality. RESULTS: In the entire group, patients older than 20 years had a relative risk for early mortality of 3.96 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33-11.76) and those with a Karnofsky Index lower than 90% had a relative risk of 5.56 (95% CI: 1.29-25). In the subgroup of allogeneic patients, those over 20 years had a relative risk of 5.17 (95% CI: 1.30-20.6); the relative risk for patients with a Karnofsky index < 90% was 10.55 (95% CI: 1.55-71.43) and 8.04 (95% CI: 43-45.07) for acute severe graft-versus-host disease. Among radiation therapy variables only dose-rate showed a trend towards better prognosis in patients treated with less than 5 cGy/min. CONCLUSIONS: In our patients and within the range of treatment variables studied, age, Karnofsky index, and graft-versus-host disease are the most important factors related with early mortality.
Adolescent↗
[Neonatal listeriosis. Presentation of nine cases (author's transl)].
Nine cases of neonatal listeriosis observed in 1973 and 1974 are presented. Diagnosis was established during life in eight cases by positivity of bacteriological cultures. Given the high incidence of listeria sepsis and the important mortality, it is necessary to establish an early diagnosis, an immediate antibiotic therapy and provide intensive care in an special unit.
Autopsy↗