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Biomedical subjects

A Valls

Publications and source records attributed to A Valls.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Infectious pathology in full-term neonates with a low birth weight for their gestational age].

A retrospective study of infectious diseases has been performed in 194 small-for-date full-term babies, finding septicaemia in 7.2% of cases, urinary tract infection in 5.2%, meningoencephalitis in 1% and enterocolitis in 3%. Most frequent infections agents were: 1) in septicaemia, Klebsiella pneumoniae (28.5%), E. coli and staphylococcus coagulase negative (21.4% for each); 2) in urinary tract infections, Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli (40% for each); 3) in meningoencephalitis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli (50% for each), and 4) in enterocolitis, E. coli (50%) and rotavirus (33%). Overall mortality rate was 4.1%, being 14.3% in the group with septicaemia (14 babies). Incidence of septicaemia is significatively related to assisted ventilation, catheterization of blood vessels, anemia and intravascular disseminated coagulation.

Communicable Diseases↗
PubMed1987

[Preventive treatment of convulsions in perinatal asphyxia].

A double blind randomized study has been performed in 17 newborn infants bearing a diagnosis of perinatal asphyxia and treated with phenobarbital (FB) or phenytoin (DPH) to prevent the onset of seizures. The initial dose for both drugs was 12 m/kg IM the first day, followed by 6 mg/kg/day through the seventh day. Patients were clinically assessed daily and drug blood levels were also determined daily by enzyme immunoassay (EMIT). Mean FB levels along the seven days were 17.6, 23.7, 25.6, 31.6, 31.4, 36.7, and 44.6 micrograms/ml. One child treated with FB exhibited seizures on the second day and six children showed drowsiness and bradycardia on the last two days, that were attributable to high levels of FB. Mean (DPH) levels along the study were: 4.6, 7.0, 9.7, 6.5, 4.5, and 5.2 micrograms/ml. Seizures occurred in one of the DPH-treated patients and signs of therapeutic inefficacy such as hypertonus and abnormal movements appeared in four children.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1985

Inbreeding and matrimonial structure in a Pyrenean community (Ansó, Huesca, Spain), 1712-1982.

Using data from parish records from 1712 to 1982 in a Spanish Pyrenean village, Ansó, the effects of the raw nuptiality, the types of consanguineous marriages and the rate and evolution of inbreeding on the mating structure have been studied. This structure has been modified in the course of time mostly through the secular variations in the frequency of consanguineous marriages. Recent inbreeding decrease in Ansó is related to the population diminution and cultural changes associated with isolate breakdown.

Consanguinity↗
PubMed1983

[Localized pulmonary interstitial emphysema. Therapeutic management of 3 cases].

Persistent localized interstitial emphysema (PLIE) is a severe complication of assisted ventilation in the neonatal period. From january 1980 to may 1982, 156 cases of IRDS where treated in our Intensive Care Unit. Three of these patients developed this type of emphysema. The initial management was conservative. In two cases, when high ventilatory pressures, and oxygen concentrations were needed to maintain normal blood gases, lobectomy was performed. In both of them mechanical ventilation could be withdrawn shortly after surgery. The third case was managed with conservative medical therapy, and the patient died. In conclusion, when PLIE is diagnosed and does not resolve with medical therapy, the patient needs increasingly higher oxygen concentrations and ventilatory pressures, or mechanical ventilation can not be withdrawn, lobectomy should be performed as long as the process is well localized.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Candida infections.

The authors present a review of the epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment of candidiasis in the child. Their studies on the favoring factors in cutaneous forms as well as their experiences in pulmonary forms are emphasized.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1978

[Modifications of insulin and growth hormone after medium chain triglycerides ingestion (author's transl)].

Authors determined the variation of glucose, ketone bodies (KB), free fatty acids (FFA), insulin and growth hormone (HGH) in blood produced by the ingestion of 1.5 g./kg. of medium chain triglycerides (MCT) in 10 healthy children between 5 and 11 years. Blood values were determined starting 30 minutes before the MCT ingestion and at 30 minutes intervals until 120 minutes post ingestion and a final determination at 180 minutes. The glucose did not change. The KB were increased (p less than 0.01) from 30 to 120 minutes and the FFA from 90 (p less than 0.01) to 120 minutes (p less than 0.001) after ingestion. Insulin secretion was elevated between 30--90 minutes with a peak value at 60 minutes (p less than 0.001). HGH began to increase at 60 minutes, remaining elevated at the last determination at 180 minutes. The HGH basal value was 0.5 +/- 0.2 ng./ml.; began to increase at 60 minutes and reached the value of 3.9 +/- 1.06 ng./ml. and 4.8 +/- 2.04 ng./ml. at 90 and 120 minutes respectively (p less than 0.001). We do not know the origin of the HGH increase. The changes may explain FFA elevation and other metabolic actions of MCT. The glucose-insulin ratio showed that the hyperinsulinemia was not caused by an increased glucose level.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

Fosfomycin and plasmidic resistance.

60 fosfomycin-resistant strains of gram-negative bacilli are submitted to conjugation experiments using as recipient cell E. coli K12 which is nalidixic acid resistant. After mating, the number of fosfomycin-resistant E. coli K2 colonies growing on selection plates containing nalidixic acid and fosfomycin never surpassed the normal rate of mutation for fosfomycin-resistance of the recipient strain. In 65% of the experiments, plasmidic resistance to other antimicrobials was transferred to E. coli K12, but was never accompanied by demonstrable fosfomycin resistance. High rate of normal mutation of recipient strain is signaled as the main problem for detecting the plasmidic nature of fosfomycin resistance. With our criteria regarding this fact we have been unable to confirm the plasmidic nature of fosfomycin resistance.

Acinetobacter↗