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Biomedical subjects

A V Guliaev

Publications and source records attributed to A V Guliaev.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Assessment of effectiveness of gastroduodenal anastomosis in the surgery of gastric cancer].

An analysis of results of surgical treatment was made on the basis of experiences of performing 260 operations with gastroduodenal anastomosis for distal gastric cancer under conditions of the same hospital for 20 years. Postoperative lethality was 2.69%. Different complications after surgery were noted in 34.2% of the patients. Dumping syndrome after Billroth-1 operations developed in 12.3%. The 5 and 10 year survival after operations among 215 followed-up patients was 65.1% and 24.7% respectively. Original methods of operations were developed and introduced into practice for the improvement of immediate and long-term functional results of the surgery on the stomach.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Changes in the expression of receptors of steroid hormones in the development of partial androgen deficiency of aging men (PADAM)].

This work is devoted to the vital topic of the influence of partial androgen deficiency of aging men (PADAM) on the development of cells with androgen receptors. The results obtained in this study suggest a conclusion that the production of testosterone by some tumors and tissues of the peritumorous zone, which is accompanied by increased proliferative activity and disturbance of the regulation of the cell cycle, is caused by PADAM. The given changes are directed at compensating for testicular deficiency (in particular at overcoming the androgen-dependent stage of development of androgen-sensitive cells). These changes are a partial manifestation of metabolic syndrome (X-syndrome). The atypical cells, which unavoidably develop during metabolic syndrome, are dealt with by means of the immune system, whose capabilities become less and less adequate in the given circumstances.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

[Assessment of the intermediate and the late results of surgery for gastric stump cancer].

The data on the results of therapy for gastric stump cancer in 176 patients were evaluated. Reoperation was carried out in 81 (46.0%); postoperative lethality was 7.4%. Combined abdominothoracic or thoracic alone access was available in all cases. It is suggested that relatively high radicality is assured when combined surgery for gastric stump recurrence is used. Overall 5-year survival was reported in patients radically operated on for relapse.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Clinical and cytogenetic investigation of a family with high predisposition for intestinal polyps].

A medico-genetic investigation of a family, consisting of 25 members, revealed high predisposition to malignant pathology of the gastrointestinal tract: rectal cancer was diagnosed in 2, malignant polyposis of the large intestine--1, diffuse polyposis of the large intestine (DPLI)--3, and uterine fibromyoma--in 1 patient. Six members underwent a cytogenetic examination using the metaphase method for peripheral blood lymphocytes and G-banding of chromosomes. Two patients with DPLI carried 8.7 and 16.7% of hyperaneuploid cells and one--20% of cells with double minute chromosomes (DMS). It is suggested that formation and subsequent significant increase in hyperaneuploid and DMS cells could have been responsible for DPLI development in the family.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Effectiveness of combined resection and exenteration of the pelvic organs as part of the comprehensive treatment of extensive malignancies of the rectum and female genitals].

The results of the surgical treatment of 865 patients with extended malignancies of the rectum and female genitals are presented. Combined resection and exenteration of organs of the small pelvis (both radical and palliative to ensure cytoreduction of tumor) were carried out in 695 cases (palliative surgery for symptoms--170). The number of resections and sphincter-saving operations has increased while the lethality rates have dropped in recent years. Three-year survival after combined radical surgery for rectal cancer was 59.1%; five-year survival--49% (palliation with removal of distant metastases--26.0 and 14.8%; without removal--24.2 and 0%, respectively; palliative surgery for symptoms--2.3 and 0%, respectively). In cases of palliative surgery for cytoreduction of tumor of the female genitals, 3- and 5-year survival after removal of all distant foci was 66.2 and 54.1%; partial cytoreduction--42.2 and 28.8%, and surgery for symptoms--13.8 and 13.8%, respectively. Cytoreduction improved both the chances and efficacy of adjuvant radio- and chemotherapy. It is suggested that surgery be included as a component of complex treatment of malignancies; combined cytoreduction is fully justified even if its effect is merely palliative.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Cloning of amplified nucleotide sequences of DNA in a patient from a high-risk stomach cancer family].

An abnormally long shorter shoulder of chromosome 21 was identified in 3 out of 4 members of a family at high risk for gastric cancer. We attempted to clone the amplified fragments of DNA of one of the family members who had the same chromosomal marker. This was done after the amplified sequences were enriched by re-association in phenolic emulsion, and 52 clones were obtained. All inserts were separated and each was hybridized on filters containing Hind III DNA of patient O.L. and that of a healthy donor. Hybridization with the genome DNAs of patient O.L. and the donor failed to go through in 9 inserts. Hybridization with all genomic DNAs went through in 34 inserts. Hybrids with one or several Hind III fragments of DNAs of O.L. and the donor were formed in 9 inserts. The size of fragments with varying molecular weight in inserts 6, 9, 11, 30, 39, 43 and 44 identified in the DNA of patient O.L. was 3-10 times that in the DNA of the donor. The differences in the molecular weight and size of the detected bends seem to indicate that we succeeded in cloning at least several different amplified fragments of the genome of the patient.

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21↗
PubMed1998

[Current principles and methods of radical therapy for locally extensive esophageal and gastroesophageal cancer].

The results of radical surgical and combined treatment of 124 cases of esophageal and cardioesphageal tumors are presented. Extensive local disease (stage III, T2-4N0-2M0) was diagnosed in 113 patients (91.1%). Esophagoectomy with transmediastinal esophagogastroplasty and cervical esophagostomy proved most useful for esophageal tumor, while extensive surgery after Lewis in combination with extirpation or proximal resection of the stomach--for proximal gastric disease involving the esophagus. Combined surgery with resection of adjacent organs was carried out in 50%. Post-operative mortality rates were reduced to 7.1% due to application of effective surgical, anesthetic and intensive care procedures. The 3-year survival rate was 26.5%. Prognosis improved significantly when radiation was used prior to dissection of lymph nodes.

Cardia↗
PubMed1997

[Current trends in the diagnosis and therapy of colorectal cancer].

The report deals with the 30-year experience gained by the Department in the treatment of nearly 5,500 cases of tumors of large bowel. Radical surgery for colonic tumor was followed by lethality in 3.0 and 5-year survival-80.8%; rectal tumor resection-5.3 and 58.2%, respectively. Individually-tailored modalities have been devised for a spectrum of cases of colonic wall invasion and metastatic lesions in regional lymph nodes. A choice of sparing, extended and combined surgical procedures vis-a-vis these factors has been developed, the latter offering most advantage. Therapeutic strategies for hepatic metastasis have been worked out on individual basis.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1997

[Current approaches to radical surgical and combined treatment of rectal cancer].

The article gives an analysis of the 30 years experiences with treatment of more than 3200 patients with rectum cancer at a specialized oncological department. Postoperative lethality was 7.3%. In recent years this figure has been decreased (5.2%). The individual programs of treatment were associated with the degree of growing the tumor through the bowel wall and with the metastatic damage of the regional lymph nodes. These factors show that careful as well as extended and combined operations are justified. The advantages of combined methods of treatment and functionally saving surgical interventions have been revealed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

[A rational surgical procedure in diffuse polyposis and multiple primary cancer against a background of polyps of the large intestine].

Under examination there were 292 patients. An analysis of results of treatment enabled the authors to conclude that surgical treatment of patients with diffuse polyposis of the colon is the method of choice. The method and volume of operations must be determined according to the involvement of the colon in polyposis, the age and state of the patients. The best method of surgery is a one-step radical operation-subtotal resection of the colon. Polyps concomitant to cancer of the colon should be ablated before the main operation since their histological analysis can change the volume of the planned radical operation. When choosing the method of surgical intervention for patients with primary-multiple cancer against the background of polyps the total portion of the colon with polyps should be ablated.

Colectomy↗
PubMed1996

[Organization of urgent surgical treatment for complicated colonic cancers in a large industrial city].

The study was concerned with evaluating the results of follow-up of 756 cases of complications of colorectal cancers urgently admitted for surgery to four hospitals of St. Petersburg. Most patients were hospitalized late when complications diagnosed as an acute disease of organs of the abdominal cavity were apparent. Frequent postoperative complications and poor results of treatment were due to advanced age of patients, their grave general condition, concommitant pathologies, frequent errors of diagnosis made before and during hospitalization and lack of a single strategy of therapy. No improvement in the results of treatment of these grave cases can be expected unless the quality of diagnosis and the standards of urgent surgical aid organization are improved and an efficient therapeutic strategy is developed.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Specifics of sphincter-preserving surgery in patients with extensive colorectal carcinoma].

The results of combined abdomino-anal resection performed in 56 patients with locally extended cancer of the rectum have been evaluated. Indications for combined and organ-saving operations for extensive rectal cancers have been evolved. If the uterus and even cervix uteri and the vault of the vagina are involved, leaving the lower part of the vagina intact does not affect the radical nature of surgery. Simultaneously, this procedure assures complete rehabilitation of patients because sexual function is not impaired.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[One-step transpleural or transmediastinal esophagogastroplasty in resection of the esophagus for cancer].

An experience with 139 radical one-step surgeries for esophagus cancer using transpleural or transmediastinal plasty with a gastric tube is presented. This type of surgery is a method of choice for malignant tumours of the esophagus since it provides the best radical operation and good functional results. The standardized approach to the anesthesiological maintenance of these surgeries and to postoperative intensive therapy is substantiated. The total postoperative mortality made up 26.2%; mortality from surgical complications-20.9%; 3-years survival was 24.5%; 102 patients (73.3%) were discharged from the clinic with good functional results.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

[The efficacy of subtotal distal gastric resection in a modified Billroth-I in cancer].

For the period from 1982 to 1994 subtotal resection of the stomach (96) or gastrectomy (10) was performed on 106 patients by the Bilroth-I method. Efficiency of this method is confirmed by the 5 year survival data, which was determined by dynamic method in 42 patients and was 69.8%. Total postoperative lethality was 6.7%, and gastrectomy-4.2%.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1995

[The surgical treatment of polyps and early forms of cancer of the large intestine].

The article describes the present-day principles of surgical treatment of polyps and early forms of colorectal carcinoma appearing against their background. The investigation performed has shown that all benign adenomas of the colon can be successfully treated by local dissection. Sessile tumors located on the lower- and middle-ampullar portions of the rectum, are liable to endorectal dissection, in pedicular tumors endoscopic polypectomy is most expedient. In cases with carcinoma against the background of adenoma, the main criterion determining choice of the method of surgical intervention is the degree of ingrowth of the tumor into the colon walls. An analysis of long-term results of treatment shows that in carcinoma of the colon developing against the background of adenoma, local dissection is not inferior in efficiency to typical radical operations.

Adenoma↗