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Biomedical subjects

A Uchida

Publications and source records attributed to A Uchida.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Lysing of fresh human tumor by a cytotoxic factor derived from autologous large granular lymphocytes independently of other known cytokines.

During interaction with autologous tumor cells large granular lymphocytes (LGL) of cancer patients released a soluble cytotoxic factor, termed LGL-derived cytotoxic factor, which mediated lysing of autologous fresh tumor cells. The cytotoxic factor was compared with purified human recombinant cytotoxic cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), lymphotoxin (LT), interferon (IFN) alpha, IFN gamma, interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and IL-2. The LGL cytotoxic factor exhibited cytotoxicity against autologous and allogeneic fresh human tumor cells in an 18-h 51Cr-release assay, while these target cells were resistant to lysing by any of the recombinant cytokines. Mixtures of recombinant(r) TNF, rLT, rIFN alpha, rIFN gamma, rIL-1 alpha and rIL-2 were still unable to produce cytotoxic effects on fresh human tumor cells. Treatment with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies directed against rTNF, rLT, rIFN alpha, rIFN gamma, or rIL-1 alpha did not inhibit the cytotoxic activity of LGL-derived cytotoxic factor against fresh human tumor cells. Even a mixture of all the antibodies was incapable of blocking the cytolytic activity of the factor to fresh human tumor cells. Furthermore, intact LGL-mediated lysing of autologous tumor cells was not inhibited by any of the antibodies. These results may indicate that a cytotoxic factor produced by LGL in response to autologous tumor cells mediates lysing of fresh human tumor cells independently of TNF, LT, IFN, IL-1 and IL-2.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

The occurrence of loiasis, mansonellosis and wuchereriasis in the Jarawa River Valley, central Nigeria.

In a study to assess the status of filariasis in the Jarawa River Valley of the savanna area of Nigeria, 940 self-selected residents from 10 villages were examined between March 1984 and April 1987. Overall results showed 105 (11.2%) had microfilaraemia and/or clinical signs of filariasis. Sixty-four (6.8%) and 20 (2.1%) persons, respectively, were infected with Mansonella perstans and Loa loa microfilariae (mff). Four of the 28 villagers examined had Wuchereria bancrofti mff in their night blood samples whereas 17 (1.8%) of all residents surveyed had clinical filariasis mainly due to lympho-obstructive manifestations: hydrocele (n = 11, 64.7%); enlargement of the inguinal nodes (n = 8, 47.1%) and elephantiasis (n = 2, 11.8%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Studies on T-lineage cells in human decidua of first trimester pregnancies.

T-lineage cells in human decidua of early pregnancies were tested for surface markers, proliferative response, interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, and natural killer (NK) activity. T-lineage (CD2+) cells that were obtained from decidua by the use of E-rosette formation contained fewer CD3+ mature T cells and CD4+ cells than those from the peripheral blood of the same donors, while no differences were seen in the frequencies of CD8+ cells. P55 molecules of IL-2 receptor (IL-2R/p55, Tac antigen) were hardly detected on fresh decidual T-lineage cells, though approximately 20% were positive for HLA-DR. More than a half of decidual T-lineage cells expressed CD56 molecules on their surface and killed K562 cells, the prototype target of NK cells, while most of them were negative for CD16 and CD57. Upon stimulation with IL-2, decidual T-lineage cells demonstrated dose-dependent proliferative response. In addition, they were induced to produce high amounts of IL-2 by stimulation with mitogens but not with alloantigens. These results suggest that human decidua contains high numbers of CD2+3-CD16 +/- 56+ lymphocytes and that this population responds to IL-2, produces IL-2 and mediates NK activity.

Decidua↗
PubMed1990

Transmission electron microscopic characterization of hypersensitive human radicular dentin.

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray microanalysis (XMA) were used for the study of the ultrastructure of the lumens of dentinal tubules in superficial layers of dentin specimens obtained by use of a new biopsy technique from both hypersensitive and naturally desensitized areas of exposed root surfaces, in vivo. The TEM images showed clearly that the lumens of most of the tubules were occluded with mineral crystals in naturally desensitized areas, but such lumens were empty and surrounded with peritubular and intertubular dentin in hypersensitive areas. Moreover, electron-dense structures that lined peritubular dentin were observed in the empty lumens of dentinal tubules.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The use of calcium hydroxyapatite ceramic in bone tumour surgery.

We report 60 benign bone tumours treated by resection and curettage followed by the implantation of calcium hydroxyapatite ceramic (CHA). After follow-up of six to 60 months (average 36), no patient had local recurrence of the tumour or any adverse effects from the implants. In almost all cases radiography showed that the CHA was well-incorporated into the host bone, with new bone formation in and around the CHA. Corrective remodelling of deformed bone and normal fracture healing suggested that there was normal bone turnover in the presence of the CHA. Histology of biopsies from seven patients showed bone ingrowth into the pore structure of CHA in the central zone of some defects by one year after implantation. CHA appears to be a useful substitute for bone graft in the treatment of some benign tumours.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Hypoosmotic swelling test of sperm.

For the diagnosis and evaluation of the therapy for male infertility and for predicting the outcome of AIH and IVF-ET, technically simple, replicable tests that can be performed virtually anywhere and that have definite reliability are required. The results of the HOS test correlate well with the functions of the sperm cell membrane, indicating such aspects as motility, and it is thought to be a particularly effective test of human sperm fertility. Because the HOS test reflects the functions and integrity of the sperm cell membrane, it should be possible to use it to predict the potential for fertilization of frozen sperm.

Female↗
PubMed1990

[Review of a 14-year experience of augmentation enterocystoplasty. Observations on bowel dynamics].

Fifteen patients with low compliance bladder of varying etiologies (neurogenic bladder, radiation induced contracted bladder after radical hysterectomy, bladder tuberculosis and interstitial cystitis) underwent augmentation enterocystoplasty. The ileocecal tubular segment was used in 12 patients, ileal-patch in 2 and ileal-cup patch in 1. In all patients in whom partial reconstruction was done, the functional bladder capacity satisfactorily increased and the maximum detrusor pressure was low. The upper urinary tract did not deteriorate in 12 patients. Three died from recurrence of uterine or bladder cancer. Five neurogenic patients were managed by intermittent self-catheterization postoperatively. Another 10 patients was dry without voiding difficulty. Of 18 ureteral reimplantations in ileocecal cystoplasty, 13 had reflux without resultant progressive hydronephrosis. In 3 patients ureteral reimplantation was not required without reflux after ileal-patch and ileal-cup patch cystoplasty.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A case of renal hemangiopericytoma].

The patient is a 33-year-old female. On precontrast CT, the tumor shows a high density area with a low density area. On postcontrast CT, the tumor demonstrates a well-marginated low density area. Angiographically, the tumor shows a hypervascular mass with tumor vessels like a weeping willow and unhomogeneous stain. This is only the fourth such case ever reported before in Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical effect of terodiline hydrochloride on pollakisuria and urinary incontinence].

Efficacy and safety of terodiline hydrochloride were studied by treating 38 patients who complained of pollakiuria and incontinence with this drug. Terodiline hydrochloride in a dose of 24 mg once or 12 mg twice a day was administered to these patients for 4 weeks and the conditions of the patients before and after the treatment were evaluated. According to the subjective symptoms, pollakisuria during the daytime and at night, incontinence, anischuria at night and frequency of urination were all reduced significantly. Objective symptoms detected after the treatment a tendency of increase (p less than 0.1) in the bladder volume at the time of maximum micturition. However, no change in the urination volume and the maximum urine flow was observed before and after the administration. A significant decrease (p less than 0.05) in residual urine was noted after the treatment. The results were favorable with overall improvement of 78.4% and efficacy of 75.7%. Side effects were observed in 3 of the 38 cases (7.9%), but all the symptoms were slight.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Malignant lymphomas of bone in Japan.

Thirty-four cases of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of bone collected from hospitals in Japan were histologically and immunohistologically reviewed, and the results were compared with those in Western countries. There were no remarkable differences in age, sex, and the distribution of bone tumors between Japanese and Western cases. Sixteen cases (47%) diagnosed previously as "reticulum cell sarcoma" were reclassified as diffuse NHL of large cell (seven cases), mixed type (four cases), immunoblastic type (three cases), clear cell type (one case), and multilobated type (one case). The cases with small lymphocytic type with plasmacytoid features (lymphoplasmacytic type) were more common in Japan (35% of our cases) than in Western countries. The distribution of histologic subtypes, except for lymphoplasmacytic and T-cell lymphomas, in the current cases was similar to that in Western countries. However, immunohistochemistry showed that Japanese cases contained a much higher frequency of T-cell lymphoma (10% of all cases) than Western cases. Histologic grade according to the Working Formulation correlated well with clinical stage. There may be a tendency towards better prognosis with lower grade tumors, but this was not statistically significant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Prognostic significance of Ki-67 reactivity in soft tissue sarcomas.

Proliferative activity of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) in 34 cases was estimated by immunohistochemical procedures (avidin-biotin complex [ABC] method) with monoclonal antibody Ki-67 which reacts with a nuclear antigen expressed in all phases of cell cycle except G0. In 20 of 34 cases (59%), varying numbers of Ki-67-positive tumor cells were detected with a range from 5 to 382 per 10 high power fields (HPF) (mean 57.2/10 HPF). Ki-67 index (the number of Ki-67-positive tumor cells/10 HPF) positively correlated with mitotic count (r = 0.428, P less than 0.02), cellularity (r = 0.447, P less than 0.01), and histologic grade (r = 0.473, P less than 0.01). The Ki-67 low index group (less than 50/10 HPF) showed more favorable prognosis than the high index group (more than 50/10 HPF) (P less than 0.005). Three cases with low mitotic count and unfavorable prognosis were proved to be the Ki-67 high index group (142-382/10 HPF). These results indicated that reactivity of tumor cells for Ki-67 is a useful prognostic marker in the patients with STS, and might be used as one of the histologic factors for the grading of STS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Production of interleukin 6 by human spleen cells stimulated with streptococcal preparation OK-432.

The streptococcal preparation OK-432 was tested for the ability to stimulate human spleen leukocytes (SPL) for generation of interleukin 6 (IL-6). When SPL were cultured with OK-432 for 24 h in serum-free T medium, the cell-free supernatant induced production of IgM in the SKW6.CL-4 and IgG in the CESS human B cell line, while no such activity was detected in unstimulated SPL culture. The activity was neutralized by treatment with antiserum directed against B cell stimulatory factor 2 (BSF-2). An optimum production of BSF-2 was observed when SPL were stimulated with 10 micrograms/ml of OK-432. The culture supernatant also induced proliferation of IL-6-dependent murine hybridoma MH-60.BSF2 (hybridoma growth factor; HGF). It is thus evident that the molecule produced by OK-432-activated human SPL is BSF-2/HGF/IL-6. These results indicate that the antitumor agent OK-432 stimulates human spleen cells to produce IL-6.

Biological Products↗
PubMed1989

Enhancement by X-ray irradiation of target cell susceptibility to natural killer cells.

The in vitro effect of X-ray irradiation on tumor cell susceptibility to lysis by natural killer (NK) cells was studied in human systems. When relatively NK-resistant T24 bladder transitional carcinoma cells were irradiated with X-rays and cultured for 18 h, they showed increased sensitivity to lysis by blood lymphocytes in a 4-h 51Cr release assay. No enhancement was seen when irradiated target cells were tested immediately after exposure to X-rays. The X-ray-induced augmentation was observed with as little as 1 Gy of irradiation, the level of which was comparable to that observed at higher doses. The doses of X-rays did not influence the viability and spontaneous release of the target cells. Treatment with mitomycin C of target cells did not change their NK sensitivity. On the other hand, irradiation with X-rays of blood lymphocytes resulted in a transient increase in NK activity at 3 h, and then the activity declined and was completely lost by 24 h. However, when irradiated lymphocytes were stimulated with interferon (IFN), they maintained the high activity against untreated T24 cells. These results suggest the possible use of relatively low doses of X-ray irradiation in combination with IFN for treatment of human cancer.

Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic↗
PubMed1989

Detection of immunoregulatory factors in retroplacental serum in human pregnancy.

Retroplacental serum (RPS) obtained from pregnant women at term deliveries was studied for regulatory effects on T-lymphocyte proliferation and for pregnancy-associated substances and compared with peripheral serum (PS) of the same donor. Proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin and alloantigens in RPS was lower than that in PS. RPS contained higher levels of human placental lactogen, progesterone, estradiol, and prostaglandin E2 than of PS. However, there were no differences in concentrations of pregnancy-associated alpha 2-glycoprotein, pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein, prostaglandin F2 alpha, alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, cortisol, carcinoembryonic antigen, and immunoglobulins between RPS and PS. The amounts of human placental lactogen, progesterone, or prostaglandin E2 seen in RPS did not inhibit T-cell proliferation. Mixtures of various doses of these three substances were still not inhibitory. Thus, the suppressive activity of RPS could not be explained by these pregnancy-associated substances, but a possible involvement of unknown immunoregulatory factors at fetomaternal interface might be suggested.

Dinoprostone↗
PubMed1989

Scanning electron microscopic characterization of sensitive vs. insensitive human radicular dentin.

Our aim was to investigate the structural changes of dentinal tubules in specimens obtained from both hypersensitive and naturally desensitized areas in wedge-shaped defects on the same exposed cervical dentin surface of a hypersensitive tooth. A new biopsy technique that makes use of a hollow, cylindrical diamond bur was designed so that specimens from exposed root dentin of vital teeth could be obtained. Twenty-two dentin biopsy pairs were divided into two groups; one was prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the other for microradiography (MR). Small hypersensitive areas were identified by a scratch test on exposed human dentin in vivo. SEM observation of the dentin biopsies showed that the orifices of many dentinal tubules in hypersensitive areas were open and that membranous structures appeared on the walls of dentinal tubules. In naturally desensitized areas on the same dentin surface, most of the dentinal tubules were obturated with rhombohedral crystals of all sizes; membranous structures were not observed in these tubules. These results showed that hypersensitivity occurred on the exposed dentin when most of the tubular orifices were open.

Adult↗