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Biomedical subjects

A Tiilikainen

Publications and source records attributed to A Tiilikainen.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

HLA antigens in intestinal cow's milk allergy.

The histocompatibility antigens of one hundred patients with a severe form of cow's milk allergy were studied. HLA-A and B locus antigens were identified in all patients, C locus antigens in 62 patients and DR locus antigens in 41 patients. The A, B and C locus antigen frequencies were compared with those of healthy blood donors, and DR locus antigen frequencies with those of healthy unrelated volunteers and cadaver kidney donors. The series included six patients with concomitant coeliac disease, who were treated as a separate group. No statistically significant differences between the patients and controls were observed, but suggestive differences became apparent when the patient group was divided into subgroups according to the presence or absence of certain co-existing conditions, and the severity of the initially observed intestinal lesion. It is concluded that several factors contribute to the pathogenesis of intestinal cow's milk allergy, and that in some cases genes linked to the HLA region may play a role.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

HLA antigens and atopy in children with coeliac disease.

HLA antigens and various aspects of atopy were studied in 42 Finnish children and adolescents with coeliac disease, and the results were compared with findings of recent population studies. The HLA associations were as expected: relative risks for coeliac disease in individuals with HLA-B8, DR3, and DR7 were 8 . 0, 18 . 6, and 15 . 0, respectively. Children with coeliac disease were significantly more often atopic than unselected schoolchildren. Atopy was significantly more frequent and the onset of coeliac disease later for B8/DR3- patients than B8/DR3+ patients. There was no obvious relation between DR7 and atopy. It is concluded that atopy predisposes to coeliac disease partly independently of the HLA-DR3 associated disease susceptibility gene(s), and that different mechanisms may operate in the pathogenesis in coeliac disease patients with and without atopy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Increased prevalence of HLA-Aw19 and of the phenogroup Aw19,B18 in advanced silicosis.

The frequencies of HLA antigens in 27 patients with silicosis were compared with those of referents matched for exposure to silica dust, age, and sex, and having no roentgenographic signs of silicosis. A group of 900 blood donors served as an additional reference group. The prevalence of HLA-Aw19 was higher in the silicosis patients (29.6 percent) than in the silica-exposed referents (3.7 percent; p = 0.02). In turn, the frequency of Aw19 in the unexposed population consisting of blood donors (19.6 percent) was higher than that of silica-exposed referents (p = 0.04). Accepting that the prevalences of HLA antigens in the blood donors fairly well describe those of the silica-exposed population, the highest risk of developing advanced fibrosis was associated with the phenotypic combination Aw19,B18 (observed-expected ratio = 17.05; p less than 0.01). The results suggest that HLA-Aw19 and the haplotype Aw19,B18 are, at least in Finnish population, associated with a progression into advanced silicotic fibrosis.

Finland↗
PubMed1982

Chemotaxis in yersinia arthritis. In vitro stimulation of neutrophil migration by HLA--B27 positive and negative sera.

Chemotactic and chemokinetic migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in sera from patients with previous yersinia arthritis and from healthy subjects with or without HLA--B27 were studied by the leading front method. Irrespective of yersinia arthritis, zymosan-activated sera from subjects who were HLA--B27 positive were significantly more chemokinetic than were HLA--B27 negative zymosan-activated sera from healthy control subjects. The chemotactic activities of zymosan-activated sera that were HLA--B27 positive or negative, as determined by chemotactic increments, were much the same. The results suggest that zymosan-activated serum that is HLA--B27 positive stimulates random migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, but not their directional migration, more than does HLA--B27 negative serum that has been zymosan activated. This may contribute to accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes at the site of inflammation in vivo and thereby to inflammatory symptoms in yersinia arthritis patients with HLA--B27.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Virus antibodies in Parkinson's disease. Herpes simplex and measles virus antibodies in serum and CSF and their relation to HLA types.

Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CFS) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to herpes simplex (HSV) and measles viruses were assayed with a radioimmunoassay in 56 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and in a similar number of age- and sex-matched controls with other neurological diseases. As a group, the patients with Parkinson's disease had a significantly increased serum antibody level against HSV, but measles virus antibody levels were similar in both groups. Both in the Parkinson's group and in the control group, the levels of the total IgG in CSF were within normal limits and the CSF antibodies to HSV and measles virus paralleled the serum antibody titers relative to the total IgG serum-to-CSF ratios. This indicates no increased intrathecal antibody production in either group. In 48 patients with Parkinson's disease who were HLA-typed, no association of viral antibody levels with particular HLS antigens were noted. The findings suggest that HSV is not present within the central nervous system of the patients with Parkinson's disease. The increase HSV antibody level seen in Parkinson's disease patients may reflect a more general disturbance of the patients' immune functions.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Screening of bacteria in urine using luciferin-luciferase assay of microbial ATP: a comparative study.

A total of 3227 urine specimens were analysed to investigate the applicability of a firefly luciferase assay of microbial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for the rapid screening of bacteriuria in clinical specimens. Urine sediment, dipslide culture, and three plate cultures were also investigated in the majority of the urine specimens, the plate cultures serving as the reference. Of the specimens with positive plate culture (greater than or equal to 10(5) colony forming units (CFU)), leucocyte content of the spun urine sediment was negative (less than or equal to 4 cells per high-power field) in 34% and bacterial content was negative in 14% (no bacteria seen microscopically); the dipslide test was negative (less than 10(5) CFU) in 16%, and the luminescence assay of ATP in 7% (less than or equal to 500 relative light units). Of the urine specimens forming less than 10(5) CFU on plate cultures, leucocytes were positive in 15%, spun sediment bacteria in 21%, the dipslide test in 0.5%, and the luminescence assay of ATP in 11%. When used as a screening test for further studies by complete culture techniques, the luminescence assay of microbial ATP can improve the rapid diagnosis of urinary tract infections.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1982

Natural killer cell function in trisomy-21 (Down's syndrome).

Natural killer (NK) activity and antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against a human myeloid target cell line (K 562) was measured in adult patients with trisomy-21 (Down's syndrome) and in chromosomally normal age and sex matched control subjects. The effect of human leucocyte interferon (IFN-alpha) on the NK activity was also estimated. Spontaneous NK activity was stronger in the adult patients with trisomy-21 than in the healthy controls, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. The augmentation of NK activity by IFN-alpha, measured using lymphocytes not depleted of monocytes as effector cells, was statistically significant in both the trisomic patients (P less than 0.004) and the healthy controls (P less than 0.0005). Using monocyte and macrophage depleted lymphocytes in the patients with trisomy-21 the NK activity proved stronger than in the healthy controls, but not significantly and IFN-alpha did not augment it as it did in the healthy controls (P = n.s., P less than 0.05), for augmentations respectively). These results support the view that monocytes and macrophages are connected with the NK cell system. ADCC correlated with NK activity in both groups. Since NK cells are important components of many immune processes, including tumour and virus and/or bacteria-infected cell elimination, and have regulatory functions in immune reactions, the deficient augmentation of trisomic NK cells shown in vitro with extrinsic human leucocyte interferon may, paradoxically be an explanation for the greater susceptibility of trisomic individuals to lymphatic leukaemia and virus and bacterial infections. In vivo, this could be explained by the more potent secondary suppression by the 'immune' interferon produced by the virus, bacteria and malignant cells. In other words, the potential of the 'fighting couple' of the immune system, NK cell/interferon, is perhaps disturbed genetically due to the chromosome 21.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Immune function in patients with chromosome deletions.

Non-specific, cell-mediated and humoral immunity were evaluated in six patients with different autosomal deletions, and in two patients with X-chromosome deletions. Six had an increased number of bacterial, viral, and mycotic infections. Mild disturbances were found in the immunological functions of almost every patient. Granulocyte phagocytosis and killing of bacteria were normal in all patients. The chemotactic response was increased in two, and normal in the others. The responses to phytohaemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen were normal in all patients and the response to concanavalin A was decreased in one patient. The lymphocyte response to purified protein derivative was decreased in the patients as a group when compared to the controls (P less than 0 . 005), but normal to oidiomycin. The number of acid-alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase positive cells was low in four patients. One had a high titre of antinuclear and antithyroid antibodies. One had a low concentration of serum IgA, C3 and C4. One had a high concentration of IgM. Two had elevated levels of C3 and C4. Our results show that several different chromosomal deletions are associated with immunological abnormality.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

An islet cell antibody negative form of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDD) associated with HLA antigens A9 and Bw16.

One hundred and sixty-six unrelated children and adolescents having growth-onset, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDD) were studied for pancreatic-cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies (ICA) at various times from the diagnosis of the disease. A strong association between HLA antigens A9 and Bw16 and an absence of ICA early in the course of disease was seen. On the other hand B8/Dw3 or B15/Dw4 antigens were not significantly associated with the occurrence of ICA although both these antigens are greatly increased among pediatric IDD patients in northern Finland. The finding of the association of the HLA antigens A9 and Bw16 with ICA-negativity contributes to the evidence for the heterogeneity in the genetic susceptibility to IDD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Genetic background of acute anterior uveitis.

To determine the hereditary pattern of acute anterior uveitis, we examined seven families-one family with four cases, one family with three cases, and four families with two cases of acute anterior uveitis. A total of 16 patients with uveitis and 28 relatives underwent ocular examinations and serologic determination of HLA antigens, protease inhibitor alpha 1-antitrypsin typing, and X-ray examination of sacroiliac joints. Sacroiliitis was found in 11 of 16 patients (68.8%) and incomplete Reiter's disease in seven of 16 (43.8%). HLA-B27 antigen was found in all patients with uveitis and in six of 21 (28.6%) relatives. HLA-Cw1 antigen was found in nine of 14 (64.3%) patients with uveitis, often in the same haplotype with HLA-B27 antigen. HLA-DR4 antigen was found in seven of 11 (63.6%) patients with uveitis. There was no significant association of the alpha 1-antitrypsin variant MZ with uveitis. We believe that a pleiotropic gene associated with HLA-B27 antigen with autosomal dominant inheritance, incomplete penetrance, and variable expressivity may determine susceptibility to acute anterior uveitis in linkage disequilibrium with HLA-Cwl antigen.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Histocompatibility types in Parkinson's disease.

HLA-A, B, and C antigens were determined in 52 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and HLA-D antigens in 29 patients. In comparison with a representative sample of the Finnish general population, no significant deviations in HLA types of patients with Parkinson's disease were found. The patients with a slowly progressing disease had Cw3 antigen more often than the patients with a rapid progression.

HLA Antigens↗
PubMed1981

Lymphocyte blast transformation responses and viral antibodies in relation to HLA antigens in multiple sclerosis.

Fifty four clinically stable multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and 54 age- and sex-matched control subjects were HLA-typed, and their responses to herpes simplex, measles, mumps and rubella antigens were examined by the lymphocyte blast transformation test and by serum antibody titrations. Blast transformation response to purified tuberculin (PPD), mitogen phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWN) and concanavalin A (Con A) and spontaneous proliferation of lymphocytes were also studied. MS patients differed from controls by higher antibody levels to measles and rubella viruses and by lower specific blast transformation responses to rubella and measles antigens. When the relative strength of transformation responses was measured, mumps and herpes simplex responses were also lower in MS patients than in controls. In addition, spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation of MS patients in 6-day cultures was lower than that of control lymphocytes. In mitogen stimulations there were no differences between whole groups, but the oldest patients had lower responses to PHA and Con A than their matched controls. The frequency of HLA-Dw2 was 56.6% in MS patients and 32.1% in controls. The patients with and without Dw2 differed from each other only by a lower specific response to PPD in the Dw2-positive group. The immunological response of Dw2-positive controls resembled that of MS patients: low transformation response to viral antigens, low spontaneous proliferation and elevated measles antibodies. This finding supports the function of a genetically determined type of immune responsiveness with low cell-mediated immunity and high levels of certain viral antibodies as one susceptibility factor in multiple sclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Inhibition of in vitro nickel sulfate reaction by anti-HLA-D/DR antisera. Lack of demonstrable suppressor cells in peripheral blood in nickel unresponsiveness in man.

A nickel sulfate induced lymphocyte blast transformation reaction in vitro was specifically inhibited by anti-HLA-D/DR antisera, which indicates the requirement of HLA-D/DR antigens in cellular cooperation. Macrophages are effective antigen presenting cells in the in vitro nickel reaction and this step could be the site of an HLA-antigen function in the recognition of "self." It was shown that macrophages of an HLA identical, healthy sibling could offer proper "help" to macrophage-depleted lymphocytes of the nickel allergic subject in evoking a nickel reaction. Thus, in this respect, the function of macrophages in nickel allergy is not different from that in a nickel-unresponsive state. The nickel unresponsiveness in healthy subjects is probably not due to specific suppressor cells because HLA identical lymphocytes from the healthy siblings could not suppress the nickel induced blast transformation of the nickel allergic siblings. This suggests that a deletion of sensitized clones in the periphery is the more probable mechanism of unresponsiveness in healthy subjects.

Female↗
PubMed1981

Changing pattern of cow's milk intolerance. An analysis of the occurrence and clinical course in the 60s and mid-70s.

The rapid changeover to commercial adapted infant formulae which took place in Finland between 1973 and 1975 was studied as a factor in the occurrence of severe intestinal cow's milk intolerance (CMI). Of infants treated for CMI in 1962-73, ninety-three percent (25/27) were on homemade or unadapted formulae. The admission rate for CMI in these years was 0.22/1 000 liveborn infants breast fed less than six months. During 1974-77 the corresponding figure was 0.56, with 85% of the patients (18/26) on adapted cow's milk formulae. The patients treated before 1974 had a longer symptomatic period before admission, greater growth retardation and more severe intestinal damage than those seen during and after 1974. This is believed to reflect mainly the increasing awareness of CMI on the part of both laymen and the medical profession. In the history of 2/3 of the patients at least one of the following conditions was noted: non-breast feeding, infectious gastroenteritis, praematurity, 21-trisomy, prior intra-abdominal surgery, Hirschsprung's disease, and atopic disease in family members. The long follow-up averaging over four years revealed four patients with coeliac disease. In one of these the proximal jejunal mucosa was normal after two years on gluten-containing diet, but he showed a mucosal relapse as late as between 2 to 4 years on normal diet.

Animals↗