HLA antigens Dw4 and Dw14 in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
Biomedical subjects
A Tiilikainen
Publications and source records attributed to A Tiilikainen.
Isoprinosine enhances PHA responses and has potential effect on natural killer cell (NK) activity of uremic patients in vitro.
We studied the effect of an immuno-stimulating agent, isoprinosine, which is being marketed as an antiviral drug, on some immune functions in vitro in 14 uremic patients treated by hemodialysis and in 10 healthy controls. PHA and PPD induced stimulations of DNA synthesis and interleukin-2 (Il-2) production and NK cell activity were measured from peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured with and without isoprinosine. PHA responses were enhanced by isoprinosine (100 micrograms/ml) both in the patient group (p less than 0.001) and in the control group (p less than 0.05) but PPD responses in neither. The enhancement of PHA responses was not due to an increased production of Il-2(T-cell growth factor). Isoprinosine augmented NK activity in those patients whose NK activity was initially low. No enhancement could be seen in the controls or in those patients whose NK activity was comparable to that of the controls. Our results motivate a clinical study with isoprinosine in uremic patients at the risk of virus infection.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
Nocardia water soluble mitogen (NWSM), a human B-lymphocyte mitogen.
Nocardia water soluble mitogen (NWSM), which is a peptidoglycan, was prepared from Nocardia opaca. Its effect on human B-lymphocyte proliferation, the number of immunoglobulin secreting B-cells, and bone marrow stem cell growth was studied in vitro. NWSM stimulated the proliferation of B-lymphocytes of all ten healthy subjects studied very effectively (P less than 0.0005). No T-cell activation occurred. NWSM did not increase the amount of antibody producing cells. The growth of bone marrow stem cells was enhanced only in one patient out of the eight studied. Thus NWSM is a B-lymphocyte mitogen with a potential effect on hematopoietic stem cells. However, production of NWSM was faced with difficulties because not all lots prepared had B-cell stimulating activity.
Antibody-Producing Cells↗
Association of different HLA antigens with various toxic effects of gold salts in rheumatoid arthritis.
An association of gold induced proteinuria with HLA-D(R)3 has been reported. To investigate other possible relationships between gold toxicity and HLA antigens we studied 85 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) divided into four subgroups: patients with gold induced interstitial pneumonitis, mucocutaneous lesions, proteinuria, and patients without gold toxicity. The HLA frequencies in patient groups and 283 healthy controls were compared in different pairwise combinations. Gold induced pneumonitis was associated with HLA-B40 and Dw1. An association between gold induced proteinuria and HLA-Dw3 was also seen. The increased prevalence of Dw4 in RA was observed only in the control patient group without gold induced side effects. The frequencies of HLA-B7 and Dw2 were decreased in all patient groups compared with the control population. These results further support the view of the heterogeneity of RA as manifested by the unique HLA associations with resistance and susceptibility to gold induced side effects characterising different subgroups.
Adult↗
Rheumatoid arthritis with pleural effusion includes a subgroup with autoimmune features and HLA-B8, Dw3 association.
Twenty-eight patients with rheumatoid pleural effusion were investigated to examine the frequency of HLA antigens as compared with 56 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients without this intrathoracic manifestation of RA and with 283 healthy controls. HLA-B8 was strongly associated with the presence of pleural effusion (PE) in RA patients. A high prevalence (71%) of B8/Dw3 was found among male RA patients of the PE group in whom the joint disease had begun at an age over 50 years and who also had besides pleuritis other intrathoracic manifestations of RA associated with high rheumatoid factor titres and low complement (C4) levels in sera. Actually, the HLA-B8 association was not seen in the rest of the PE group. The finding may be related to the heterogeneity of RA, a male subgroup of the disease being characterized by multiple intrathoracic manifestations and genetically associated with the large group of autoimmune disorders, such as SLE, characterized by high prevalences of HLA-B8 and D(R)3.
Adult↗
Diffuse interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Views on immunological and HLA findings.
Immunological parameters including HLA typing were studied in 32 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) associated diffuse interstitial lung disease (DILD) and in 32 age- and sex-matched RA control patients. The male RA patient group with DILD also included patients with other intrathoracic manifestations and had a higher prevalence of HLA-B8 and Dw3 than did healthy controls, thus agreeing with our earlier results that RA patients with this antigen combination are prone to multiple intrathoracic complications. Patients with DILD had higher titres of rheumatoid factor (RF) and lower complement (C4) levels than matched RA controls. The RF titre was in inverse correlation with C3 and C4 levels, suggesting that RF immune complexes may also promote rheumatoid lung disease via activation of the classical pathway of complement.
Aged↗
An analysis of epidemiological data in HLA-typed diabetic children.
To clarify the heterogeneity of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, differences between patients with different HLA risk antigens were investigated with regard to sex, age at diagnosis, season of year and calendar year at diagnosis of the disease. The study consisted of 293 HLA-typed patients from the Department of Paediatrics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. HLA-Dw2 was extremely rare among diabetic patients, whereas Dw3 and Dw4 were associated with increased risk in this as in other series. Male patients more often had the HLA-A1 antigen than females. On comparison of the Dw3 positive patients, boys more frequently had the combination A1,B8 than girls. A1,B8-positive patients were more often diagnosed during the warm months, in the late summer and autumn. Patients with both Dw3 and Dw4 were younger at diagnosis when compared with the rest of the patients. The results support the concept of heterogeneity in the pathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes associated with HLA-linked genetic determinants.
Age Factors↗
Chronic myelocytic leukaemia: HLA association and decreased erythrocyte C3b receptor expression.
A series of 27 adult patients with chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML) were examined for erythrocyte C3b receptor (EC3bR) expression. Twenty-five patients were successfully HLA typed and there was a positive association of CML with HLA-B40 (P less than 0.01). Only 10 (37%) of the patients were EC3bR positive (P less than 0.00001) compared to 223 healthy controls of whom 198 (89%) were EC3bR positive. The positivity of EC3bR and HLA-B40 occurred simultaneously in six patients (P less than 0.05). HLA-B40 positivity and EC3bR expression were correlated with the following variables: age at the time of CML diagnoses, duration of CML (until death or the end of follow-up period 1 July 1983), the stage of CML and simultaneous medication. EC3bR positive patients were significantly more often in remission (P less than 0.05) and also had shorter duration of the disease (P less than 0.005) then did EC3bR negative ones. No significant correlation existed between EC3bR status and the other parameters. The presence of HLA-B40 did not associate with any of the listed variables. These findings may indicate the loss of the receptor in the course of CML with increasing immaturity of cells released from bone marrow.
Adult↗
[Principles of immune defects].
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B-Lymphocytes↗
[Immunological mechanisms of contact hypersensitivity].
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Animals↗
Immunity in herpes gestationis: inhibition of mixed lymphocyte culture by patients' sera.
The families of four patients with herpes gestationis (HG) (pemphigoid gestationis) and five patients with polymorphic eruption of pregnancy (PEP) were HLA typed. Anti-HLA-D antibodies in the maternal sera were sought using mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) inhibition test. Two of the four patients with HG had Dw3, one of which was combined with Dw4. One of the fathers had Dw2. The sera of the four patients with HG strongly inhibited (48-100%) the MLC reaction of maternal cells against cells of the father or the child. This kind of inhibition could not be shown in the patients with PEP. We conclude that patients with HG often seem to have MLC inhibiting factors which obviously are antibodies directed against HLA-D region determinants. Their pathogenic role is still obscure.
Female↗
The neutrophil function of uremic patients treated by hemodialysis or CAPD.
The phagocytic, bactericidal and chemotactic function of blood neutrophils in uremic patients treated either by CAPD or hemodialysis was assessed in vitro. The phagocytosis was normal in 11 patients on CAPD treatment while it was significantly impaired in 13 patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) treatment. In addition the chemotactic function of neutrophils seemed to be better on CAPD treatment, when heat-inactivated serum, zymosan or casein were used as chemoattractants, but the difference was significant only with heat-inactivated serum. In contrast the chemotactic response to Staphylococcus aureus was better in patients on HD treatment. The intracellular killing of bacteria was normal in both patient groups. The more stable metabolic control of acid-base and electrolyte balance and the better clearance of middle molecules could explain the better performance of uremic neutrophils in the patients on CAPD treatment.
Adult↗
Neutrophil function and HLA-B27. Superoxide production and yersinicidal activity of neutrophils from patients with previous yersinia arthritis.
Ankylosing spondylitis and reactive arthritis triggered by either enteritis or urethritis are both associated with human leucocyte antigen (HLA) B27. The pathogenesis of these diseases is not known, but it may involve immune function and inflammatory responsiveness of the host. Evidence has accumulated that neutrophils of HLA-B27 positive subjects show high chemotactic responses both in vitro and in vivo. Such a hyperreactivity may result in an exaggerated inflammatory response and thereby contribute to the pathogenesis of HLA-B27 associated diseases. We have extended the studies of phagocyte function by examining superoxide production and yersinicidal activity of neutrophils from patients with previous yersinia arthritis; the results show no gross differences, between patients and healthy subjects on one hand and between subjects with and without HLA-B27 on the other.
Arthritis↗
Defective erythrocyte C3b receptor function associated with low serum complement (C3, C4) concentrations in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
An immune adherence haemagglutination (IAHA) method was used to measure erythrocyte C3b receptor (EC3bR) activity in 110 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and 223 controls. Results obtained from IDDM were correlated with serum complement concentrations (C3, C4) as well as with HLA types of the patients. We observed an increased frequency of defective EC3bR in IDDM (26.4%) compared to controls (10.8%, P less than 0.0005). Those patients who had defective EC3bR (IAHA negative) also had lower serum C3 and C4 concentrations than those with normal EC3bR function (IAHA positive). HLA-Dw3 positive patients had lower C4 concentrations than HLA-Dw3 negative patients and more often had defective EC3bR activity, although this difference was statistically not significant. Our results may indicate the close relationship between the risk factors which predispose to both IDDM and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Adolescent↗
HLA antigens in nickel allergy.
HLA-A, B and C antigens were determined in 38 and HLA-DR and MT antigens in 30 patients with nickel allergy. The prevalence of B12 was increased (p less than 0.007) and that of DR1 decreased (p less than 0.02). Although these deviations are statistically significant, it is more likely that they are only coincidental and not an evidence of a real association between HLA and nickel allergy. This data, as in earlier reports does not indicate significant associations between HLA antigens and nickel allergy.
Dermatitis, Contact↗
Maternal HLA immunization during pregnancy: presence of anti HLA antibodies in half of multigravidous women.
The frequencies of lymphocytotoxic antibodies i.e. anti HLA-ABC antibodies and anti HLA-DR antibodies, were studied in 66 women at delivery. They were, respectively, 18.2% and 9% in the first pregnancies, 27.3% and 4.5% in the second pregnancies, 50% and 27.3% in the multigravidous women (third pregnancy and more). The frequencies of anti HLA-DR antibodies were lower than those of the anti HLA-ABC antibodies and both seemed to increase with the number of pregnancies. The specificity of anti HLA-DR antibodies could be defined in only a few cases. The high frequencies of anti HLA-ABC antibodies compared with most reports in the literature can be explained by the higher sensitivity of the microlymphocytotoxicity technique used in this study. As patients with demonstrable anti-HLA immunization have shorter random graft survival than patients without demonstrable antibodies, this screening could have clinical application for an improved policy of selecting "acceptable mismatches" in recipients of kidney allograft transplants.
Antibodies↗
Neutrophil function and HLA-B27.
The pathogenesis of HLA-B27 linked diseases, including reactive enteroarthritides, is not known. Differences in immune response, cross-reaction between microbial antigens and host cell structures, attachment of microbial components on the host cell surfaces with subsequent autoimmune reaction, and inflammatory responsiveness of the host may be involved. In this contribution we present evidence to show that HLA-B27 positive subjects may be prone to an exaggerated inflammatory response, as compared with HLA-B27 negative subjects.
Arthritis, Infectious↗
HLA antigens in rubella seronegative young adults.
HLA antigen frequencies, including those of five HLA-D specificities, were studied in 91 rubella seronegative subjects who were found in screening programs for rubella vaccination. No significant differences in antigen frequencies between rubella seronegative subjects and the reference population could be found.
Adult↗