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Biomedical subjects

A Thron

Publications and source records attributed to A Thron.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Cerebellar dysfunction in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma: clinical and posturographic findings.

Neurological examination and posturography showed cerebellar signs in 13 of 50 unselected patients with bronchogenic carcinoma not complicated by other diseases. The occurrence of cerebellar signs did not depend on the histological type of tumour or the extent of tumour spread. Most of the clinically affected patients had mild to pronounced cerebellar atrophy, revealed by CT. The correlation between the amount of CT-confirmed atrophy and the severity of clinical symptoms, however, was poor. Since other reasons for cerebellar dysfunction (e.g. chemotherapy, chronic alcoholism, metastases) were excluded, cerebellar signs were attributed to paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration or to a consequence of severe neoplastic illness. The high incidence of cerebellar dysfunction in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma confirms the frequent histopathological finding of cortical cerebellar degeneration in malignant disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

False-negative brainstem auditory evoked potential recordings in a case of multiple acoustic neuroma.

A case history is reported to demonstrate that electrophysiological testing (brainstem auditory evoked potentials, BAEP and stapedius reflex) may fail in the search for cerebello-pontine angle tumours. The clinical history began with repeated episodes indicating a disorder of the vestibular system. Repeated testing of BAEP exhibited normal curves before and after surgery on the right side. This case serves as a reminder that normal BAEP do not necessarily exclude the presence of an acoustic neuroma developing in the immediate vicinity of the vestibular nerve.

Brain Stem↗
PubMed1987

Pseudotumor cerebri: clinical and neuroradiological findings.

Pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) is a diagnosis per exclusionem applied to a condition of increased intracranial pressure in the absence of an intracranial infection, a space-occupying lesion, or hydrocephalus. Diagnostic criteria should include the evaluation of possibly disturbed cerebral venous outflow, which may result in similar clinical findings. Disturbed venous drainage should be separated from the syndrome of PTC because it represents a condition of well-defined origin and therapeutic regimen. Course and prognosis of PTC are not related to the increased intracranial pressure, the degree of papilledema, or to the duration of the disease. Functional cerebral disorders and EEG abnormalities are rare, indicating that brain tissue is not primarily affected. Correspondingly, computerized tomography (CT) scans with respect to the cerebrum are normal in about 90% of the cases; but enlarged optic nerve sheaths (46.7%) and empty sella (45.7%) are frequent findings on CT-scans. They most likely represent a direct consequence of long-term increased pressure within CSF spaces. This observation favors the assumption of disturbed CSF-pressure regulation either by increased production of CSF or its decreased rate of absorption. Brain edema (slit ventricles) as assessed by CT is a rare finding (11.4% of our cases). It may be a hint towards a different pathogenetic entity.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Early diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis by MRI.

The mortality rate of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) may be reduced by antiviral therapy, but early administration of the drug and therefore early diagnosis are essential. In our experience with four cases, MRI is the most sensitive noninvasive test in early diagnosis of HSE due to its high sensitivity to inflammatory increased brain water content, and it is superior to CT in localizing the pathognomonic lesions of the limbic system.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Magnetic resonance imaging of spinal meningiomas and neurinomas. Improvement of imaging by paramagnetic contrast enhancement.

The detection and delineation of spinal tumors by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after intravenous administration of gadolinium (Gd)-diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid (DTPA) is demonstrated in eight cases of neurinoma or meningioma. The advantages of Gd-DTPA-enhanced MRI over other MRI techniques used in more than 100 cases of spinal cord diseases are described.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Correlation of clinical signs with CT findings in patients with cerebellar disease.

The severity of cerebellar signs and the degree of cerebellar atrophy depicted by computed tomography (CT) were independently graded in 108 patients with cerebellar disorders. The overall agreement between these independently scaled measures was only 28%. In patients with involvement of the cerebellar hemispheres and anterior lobe, clinical signs tended to be more pronounced than the cerebellar atrophy revealed by CT. The opposite was true for patients with lesions of the caudal vermis. Patients with Friedreich's ataxia had no or only minor CT abnormalities. Close correlation between the degree of infra- and supratentorial atrophy was found only in chronic alcoholics. The poor correlation between changes in cerebellar structure detected by CT and clinical disability suggests the need for caution in CT interpretation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis: neuroradiological evaluation and clinical findings.

The spectrum of clinical signs in cases of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis includes not only focal neurological deficits, seizures and mental disturbances, but also symptoms which may lead to a diagnosis of pseudotumour cerebri (PTC). In 14 cases of angiographically (or autopsy) proven thrombosis of the superior sagittal or both lateral sinuses, the "empty triangle" sign on contrast CT examination was the most reliable sign, suggesting the diagnosis in 70%. Indirect CT signs (venous infarcts) were observed in all 8 patients with focal neurological signs, but appeared rather delayed in 3 cases. In contrast, patients with "benign" intracranial hypertension or PTC (6 cases) had normal unenhanced scans (4 cases) or showed slight diffuse brain oedema (2 cases). Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 4 patients with findings suggestive of intravascular coagulation; however, due to the complexity of flow phenomena, further studies employing this new imaging technique will first have to be performed. Thus, angiography remains the best diagnostic tool and should not be delayed if there is a clinical suspicion of thrombosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The value of paraxial slices in MR-imaging of spinal cord disease.

Paraxial slices in MRI of the spinal cord reveal information about anatomical structures and pathological processes not available from orthogonal plane images or other diagnostic methods. They also yield a profit in diminishing the artifacts that occur from heart movement and respiration when triggering is not employed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of diastematomyelia.

The MRI-features of diastematomyelia in a patient with unusually late onset of symptoms are reported. Direct visualization of the split cord and low conus on frontal MR-images was facilitated by three-dimensional Fourier transform (3-DFT) image acquisition.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Rare anomalies of craniocervical vessels accompanied by subarachnoid hemorrhage].

Seven patients presenting rare vascular anomalies of the craniocerebral vessels are reported, six of whom suffered from subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Angiography demonstrated typically located saccular aneurysms as the cause of bleeding in three of these cases. An increased coincidence of rare vascular anomalies and aneurysms is known from the literature. Our findings suggest that in cases of SAH and rare cerebrovascular anomalies additional aneurysms can be demonstrated almost as often as in unselected cases of SAH (70%). Despite controversial aspects regarding the pathogenesis of cerebral aneurysms, abnormalities of the vessel walls of genetic or embryologic origin seem to be the most likely reason for this high coincidence.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed1986

[Neuroradiologic diagnosis and clinical aspects of giant intracranial aneurysms].

The CT and angiographic findings of 33 patients with intracranial giant aneurysms are reported. In the non-thrombosed giant aneurysms, CT showed a homogeneous, primarily hyperdense space-occupying lesion with strong enhancement. The partially thrombosed giant aneurysms appeared hyperdense with hypodense or isodense portions in the plain CT scan. The completely thrombosed giant aneurysms were isodense to hyperdense. In none of the 33 patients could perifocal edema be proved. A CT diagnosis was possible in every case of partially or non-thrombosed aneurysms. Pre-operative angiography in these cases was necessary only for purposes of vessel topography. Five completely thrombosed giant aneurysms could not be identified in either CT or the angiogram so that the diagnosis was not made until surgery. The clinical findings of these five cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage and 28 patients with signs of intracranial space-occupying lesions were diagnostically misleading, as they suggested an intracranial tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Diagnosis of extracranial stenoses and occlusions. Comparison of Doppler sonography, duplex-scan and angiography].

In a prospective study the detection rate of stenoses and occlusions of extracranial arteries by continuous-wave (CW) Doppler sonography, duplex-scan and selective angiography was compared independently by three investigators. In 89 patients (488 arteries) CW-Doppler sonography was superior to duplex-scan in the detection of stenoses exceeding 50% and occlusions. Duplex-scan detected about half of low degree stenoses and arteriosclerotic plaques and in some cases lesions which are not shown in angiography. Thus, Doppler sonography and duplex-scan are complementary rather than competitive methods. Doppler sonography is necessary for the evaluation of flow disturbances in the vertebral and subclavian arteries and high degree stenoses in the intracranial section of the internal carotid artery.

Angiography↗
PubMed1984

[Posterior fossa masses. Comparison of magnetic resonance tomography and computed tomography].

The results of magnetic resonance imaging, using a 0.5 Tesla superconductive magnet in 6 patients with clinical (6), angiographic (6) and histologic (4) diagnosis of posterior fossa tumors were reviewed and compared with x-ray computed tomography. Optimal visualization of normal and abnormal anatomic relationships and the possibility and value of calculated T1- and T2-pictures with the aid of spin-echo-technique are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Rupture of intracranial aneurysms during angiography and CT: coincidental or causal event? A case report.

The rare event of rupture of a saccular aneurysm of the internal carotid artery during cerebral angiography and of a fusiform aneurysm of the basilar artery following contrast enhanced CT are reported. Whereas some angiographic findings point at a causal relationship between rupture of the aneurysm and the examination procedure itself, this relationship between possible contrast medium effects and rupture of the basilar artery aneurysm during CT remains uncertain. Possible mechanisms are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Lumbosacral dysplasias].

By means of some selected examples, the myelographic and CT characteristics are presented of different lumbosacral dysplasias. The advantage of the different methods of examination (CT, CT myelography and myelography) and the improved presentation of pathological-anatomical details by means of a combination of these methods in the diagnosis of hyperplasia of the filum terminale, diastematomyelia, tethered conus, intracorporeal and anterior sacral meningocele are shown.

Diagnosis, Differential↗