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Biomedical subjects

A Taube

Publications and source records attributed to A Taube.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Prevalence of sleep apnea syndrome among Swedish men--an epidemiological study.

The prevalence of the sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) among Swedish men 30-69 years old was estimated by a two-stage procedure. In the first stage, 4064 questionnaires were mailed to a random sample of a defined population in the municipality of Uppsala. The response rate was almost 80%; 15.6% of the responders were habitual snorers and 5.8% complained of daytime sleepiness. From these, a group of 166 men highly suspected of having SAS was selected. Eventually, 61 of these came for all-night polysomnographic studies, and 15 of these were found to have SAS. On this basis the lower limit of the prevalence of SAS was estimated to be as high as 1.3%. The majority of subjects with the syndrome were in the age group 50-59 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Snoring and systemic hypertension--an epidemiological study.

The prevalence of snoring, overweight and systemic hypertension was estimated in a random sample of 4,064 Swedish men, aged 30-69 years. Of the responders, 15.5% complained of habitual snoring and 29.6% of occasional snoring. Although there was an age-related increase in the prevalence of snoring up to 60 years, habitual snoring was found to be mainly related to body mass index (BMI) (p less than 0.0001) but not to age. Altogether 299 men (9.3%) reported hypertension, 21.5% of whom were habitual snorers, compared with 14.9% of the non-hypertensives (p less than 0.01). The hypertensives were also more often overweight. Logistic multiple regression analyses showed that among subjects 40-49 years old there was an average increase in the predicted prevalence of hypertension from 6.5% among non-snorers to 10.5% of habitual snorers in the same weight group. For the whole study population, however, the increase was mainly dependent on age and BMI. Thus, the importance of habitual snoring for the prevalence of hypertension differs in various age groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Prevalence of sleep apnea syndrome--estimation by two stage sampling.

This article describes stepwise the methodological and statistical considerations made in the planning of an epidemiological survey of the prevalence of the sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) in the municipality of Uppsala in Sweden. The investigation had to be confined to 60 subjects, since all-night polysomnographic studies are required for an unequivocal diagnosis of SAS. It was decided to investigate men 30 to 69 years old. Initially, the possibility of taking a simple random sample (SRS) was considered, but statistical calculations showed that for prevalences between 1-3% this would lead to totally unacceptable results. A postal questionnaire, sent to the total population of 35,779 men in this age group, was then considered and, depending on their replies, they would be divided into low-risk and high-risk stratums of SAS. Optimal numbers would then be called from each group for polysomnographic studies. This also proved impossible, as the lowest possible standard error was still too large and the samples would contain unacceptably few cases of SAS. We therefore decided to concentrate on the highrisk stratum, obtaining an estimated under limit of the prevalence. For economical reasons, we could not send a questionnaire to all the 35,779 individuals, but based the investigation on a SRS of 4,000 men, post-stratified in a high-risk and a low-risk group. From the high-risk group, 60 men were then selected for polysomnographic studies.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

On the interaction between occupational arsenic exposure and smoking and its relationship to lung cancer.

The interaction between occupational arsenic exposure and tobacco smoking and its relationship to lung cancer mortality among 228 deceased Swedish copper smelter workers was studied with the case-referent technique. Arsenic exposure was assessed via detailed company records, and information on smoking habits was gathered from the next of kin. The age standardized rate ratio for death from lung cancer was 3.0 for arsenic-exposed nonsmokers and 4.9 for smokers without occupational arsenic exposure in relation to nonarsenic-exposed nonsmokers. For arsenic-exposed smokers the rate ratio was 14.6, indicating a multiplicative effect of the two exposures. Eighty-five percent of all deaths from long cancer among the smelter workers could be "explained" by arsenic exposure and/or smoking. The interaction between arsenic and smoking suggests that a strong preventive effect on lung cancer incidence could be obtained by decreasing either one of the exposures or by disaggregating them.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Significance, importance and equality--three basic concepts in the analysis of a difference.

By means of data from fictitious cross over trials, it is first demonstrated that a statistically significant difference is not necessarily of a practically important order of magnitude. This fact is of special interest when the number of observations is large. Second, a statistically non significant difference does not prove the hypothesis about equality between, say, treatment effects. This fact is of special interest when the number of observations is small. For investigating whether equality is plausible, confidence intervals are more useful than non significant results from tests of significance.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1978

Observations on intrauterine growth in urban Ethiopia.

A total of 3144 deliveries comprising a wide range of socio-economic groups in Addis Abeba were investigated. A positive correlation was found between family income and birth weight, with a difference of nearly 500 g between the extremes of socio-economic classes. A seasonal variation in mean birth weight was also observed. The mean length of gestation was 7.4 days shorter, and the anthropometric measures at birth were significantly lower in the Ethiopian infants as compared with the Swedish norm. The median weight and length development in relation to gestational age in the Ethiopian newborns was similar to the Swedish standard up to approximately 34--35 weeks of gestation. After that time there was very little further intrauterine growth in Ethiopian infants. The possible reasons for the observed pattern of growth are discussed.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1978

A model for the estimation of change in knowledge between two interview occasions with unreliable responses.

If a person gives the right answer to a question of yes/no type concerning a certain fact, the answer is correct either because the person knows the truth or because he/she happens to guess the right response alternative. Suppose that such a question is given to the same persons on two occasions, and that between these occasions, a campaign is undertaken, the aim of which is to raise the level of knowledge in the population. A model is introduced for this situation, making it possible to estimate the proportion (PB) of persons who know the answer before the campaign, the difference (D=PA-PB) in knowledge after (PA) vs. before the campaign, and the rate (g) of persons who guess the correct answer without having the actual knowledge. Asymptoic variances for the estimates are also given. The method is illustrated by means of data from a socio-medical survey in Addis Ababa, were the spread of knowledge concerning various vaccinations was investigated.

Health Surveys↗
PubMed1976

Estimating mean time to reach a milestone, using retrospective data.

In surveys to estimate the mean age at menarche (or another milestone reached by the whole population), interviewed girls in the age range can respond that menarche (a) has not occurred or (b) has occurred or (c) occurred at a certain age t. Answers of type (a) and (b) are called status quo data. Answers of type (a) and (c) are called retrospective data.One kind of data is assumed. The distribution of age at menarche may also be assumed to be normal or not necessarily normal. This gives four possible sets of assumptions. Estimators, with their asymptotic distributions and optimal sampling allocations, are found for the case of retrospective data and non-normal distribution. These estimators are compared in examples with previously proposed estimators based on the other sets of assumptions. In these examples, retrospective data should certainly be used if available and reliable.

Adolescent↗