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Biomedical subjects

A Sugar

Publications and source records attributed to A Sugar.

125 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Aspirin stabilization of the blood-aqueous barrier in the human eye.

After anterior chamber paracentesis, patients responded with an effusion of protein into the anterior chamber. Pretreatment with aspirin significantly decreased this trauma-induced, probably prostaglandin-mediated, disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier. Protein levels in aqueous humor of human eyes were measured in samples taken initially and five minutes after anterior chamber tap. The protein rise of 53% in five minutes in control patients was limited to 7% in patients pretreated with systemically administered aspirin. Prostaglandin mechanisms may be important in human ocular trauma and prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors may control the reaction to surgical trauma.

Aqueous Humor↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical specular microscopy.

Clinical specular microscopy (CSM) has recently been introduced as a means of qualitative and quantitative examination of the human corneal endothelium at high magnification. With the aid of CSM, a decline in endothelial cell density with age has been documented and several endothelial abnormalities from disease or trauma can be detected. Donor material for corneal grafting can be examined by CSM and keratoplasty procedures can be designed to decrease endothelial damage. Cataract surgical procedures can cause endothelial cell loss. According to most studies, intracapsular extraction causes less cell loss than does phacoemulsification, and cataract extraction with intraocular lens (IOL) insertion causes the greatest loss. Cell loss from IOL can be minimized by decreasing lens-corneal contact. Elevated intraocular pressure may lead to endothelial cell loss, as may therapy with epinephrine. Endothelial toxicity of other drugs and solutions can be studied by CSM. While long term studies are necessary to correlate the morphologic changes detected by CSM with future endothelial function, shortterm studies can be helpful in developing medical and surgical techniques that minimize corneal endothelial trauma.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva presenting as necrotizing scleritis with scleral perforation and uveal prolapse.

A 64-year-old white man presented with necrotizing scleritis with scleral perforation and uveal prolapse. Pathologic examination revealed squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva invading adjacent corneal stroma and ciliary body. Invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva is uncommon, and intraocular invasion has rarely been reported in the literature.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Knot integrity of coated synthetic absorbable sutures used for extraocular muscle surgery in a rabbit model.

Knot integrity of a new coated polyglycolic acid suture (Dexon Plus) was compared to that using uncoated polyglycolic acid (Dexon-S) and coated polyglactin-910 (Vicryl) for extraocular muscle recessions in rabbits. Knot integrity was found to be virtually identical using 6-0 sutures of any of these materials. Top throws of 5-0 coated Dexon or 5-0 coated Vicryl had a tendency to loosen in a few cases, though this was eliminated in later operations by more careful tightening of knots and avoidance of cutting suture ends to a length less than 2 mm. Subjectively observed differences in "tissue drag" were insignificant in this model.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anterior segment anomalies associated with the fetal alcohol syndrome.

Anterior segment anomalies were noted in eight children diagnosed as having the fetal alcohol syndrome. Peters' and Axenfeld's anomalies were among the specific defects noted. Four children have maintained clear corneal grafts. A teratogenic action of alcohol during a critical period of development of anterior chamber structures is suggested as an etiologic factor. It is proposed that the varied types and severity of abnormalities noted might result from differences in blood alcohol levels, timing of the insult, and genetic background of the fetus. The observation of various types of malformations thought to share a similar pathogenesis lends additional support to the assumption that there is an interrelationship among these types of congenital segment pathology.

Anterior Chamber↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Techniques of posterior chamber lens implantation without capsular support during penetrating keratoplasty: a review.

Posterior chamber intraocular lenses have numerous advantages over iris-supported lenses and many types of anterior chamber lenses; therefore, the implantation of sutured posterior chamber lenses in the absence of a lens capsule during penetrating keratoplasty has become more common. Suture fixation of the lens implant may be achieved by either 1) sewing the optic or haptics to the iris, or 2) sewing the haptics in the ciliary sulcus using transscleral sutures. In the case of the iris-suture technique, the implant acquires its stability mainly from the fixation sutures, but to some degree, placement of the haptics in the ciliary sulcus may enhance stability. In the case of the scleral fixation technique, implant stability is derived from placement of the haptics in the ciliary sulcus and the transsscleral sutures. Several variations upon these two basic suture fixation techniques currently exist, each with its own putative advantages and disadvantages. The different methods are schematically reviewed with diagrams and the comparative benefits and deficits are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A randomized trial of topical corticosteroids in epithelial healing after keratoplasty.

A prospective randomized trial evaluating the effect of topical 1% prednisolone acetate on epithelial defects after keratoplasty in 39 patients (18 in the untreated group and 21 in the treated group) failed to reveal any significant differences in healing between the two groups (p less than 0.16 to p less than 0.54 on post-operative days 1-5). The mean time needed for complete healing was 1.94 days in the untreated group and 2.81 days in the steroid treated group (p less than 0.09). Patients given subconjunctival methylprednisolone sodium succinate had larger initial defects (mean 33.5 mm2) than those not given subconjunctival steroids (mean 16.1 mm2), but the time for complete epithelial healing did not differ significantly (2.75 days vs. 1.91 days; p less than 0.14). As clinically used post-keratoplasty topical steroids do not appear to significantly delay epithelial healing in most patients.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prognosis for penetrating keratoplasty in iridocorneal endothelial syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome is characterized by the proliferation and spreading of an abnormal corneal endothelial membrane across the iridocorneal angle and iris surface, resulting in iridocorneal adhesions, glaucoma, pupillary distortion, varying degrees of iris atrophy, and occasionally corneal decomposition with edema. These changes may possibly affect the long-term prognosis of penetrating keratoplasty in an adverse fashion. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical course of 12 consecutive eyes (12 patients) which underwent penetrating keratoplasty for corneal edema associated with the iridocorneal endothelial syndrome (mean postoperative follow up = 30 months). RESULTS: The grafts remained clear in 10 patients (83%) and the visual acuity was 20/40 or better in nine patients (75%). The endothelial cell losses averaged 13% at 6 months and 17% at 1 year after surgery. Simultaneous extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens implantation at the time of keratoplasty posed no measurable compromise to the overall postoperative prognosis. Causes of poor visual acuity after surgery included glaucoma and graft failure (immune and nonimmune). CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of penetrating keratoplasty in the iridocorneal endothelial syndrome appears to be very favorable in the majority of eyes.

Adult↗