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Biomedical subjects

A Spielmann

Publications and source records attributed to A Spielmann.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Cüppers' string operation (author's transl)].

Cüppers' thread operation opens a new chapter in Oculo-motor surgery. This operation aims at reducing the rotational force of the recti muscles innervational impulsion without changing the balance in primary position. This result is obtained by suturing the muscle belly and sclera at least 13 mm behind the original scleral insertion. The indications for this operation are the following: 1. Oculo-motors Paralysis, in acoordance to the Cüpper's principle: "paresis versus paresis" reducing the rotational force of the innervational impulsion of a muscle induces an increasing of innervational impulsion in the yoke muscle. 2. Surgery in excentric fixation: creating a pseudo-paralysis induces a change of fixation in the opposite direction. 3. Nystagmus surgery: the thread allows a reduction of the innervational impulsion in the muscles which create the blockage; the abnormal head posture is thus reduced. 4. Surgery in variable non accommodative squint: the static component of the deviation is treated by classical surgery, the dynamic component by thread operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Fetal heart. Present investigative means].

Non invasive exploration of the fetal heart has been greatly facilitated by utilisation of high resolution echography using pulsed Doppler combined with B-scan. Investigation of the fetal heart in human medicine opens three important fields of interest. Better knowledge of fetal hemodynamics. Measurement of fetal heart function. Recognition of congenital heart disease. Acquisition of some fundamental knowledge is required for an ultrasonic approach to fetal echocardiography. Embryogenetic data lead to an understanding of the periods of vulnerability for each cardiac segment, whereas an understanding of physiology of the fetal circulation helps to explain the consequences of fetal congenital heart diseases and the methods used to evaluate fetal cardiac function. One section is devoted to the etiology of congenital heart disease. The most important cardiopathies encountered in cases of chromosomal anomalies and genetic disease as well as those due to environmental causes are presented so that the echographist may relate the examination to the clinical picture. In most instances the diagnosis of congenital heart disease is made by routine morphologic scanning of the fetal heart. Indications are given for the best orientation of the scans. All echographists should have precise knowledge of the echographic semeiology of the normal heart. When a cardiopathy or an anomaly of cardiac rhythm are recognized or suspected, the examination should be repeated with help of a cardiopediatrician so as to make an exact diagnosis and take the right decision. Study of fetal heart function is the most recent field for progress and covers in addition to the evaluation of congenital heart disease the development of new parameters allowing recognition of fetal jeopardy. Pulsed Doppler has already allowed the acquisition of interesting facts and certainly is one of the most exciting new inroads for progress in the field of fetal cardiology.

Echocardiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Functional study in early strabismus: translucent screens and electro-nystagmography].

The symptoms of infantile strabismus are triggered by fixation, chiefly monocular fixation. On the excluded eye, "occlusion deviations" (elevation, esodeviation, extorsion) are well observed through a "translucent" unilateral cover. These deviations are super-imposed upon a position of rest without fixation which may be an orthoposition, well observed through bilateral translucent occluders. They are caused by a rupture of binocular retinal stimuli which does not mean rupture of fusion (ex: the darkening Bielschowsky test). Electro-oculographic studies confirm the prevalence of adduction during fixation (nystagmus, pursuit, optokinetic nystagmus). This directional asymmetry is typical of the infant's immature system of fixation. In infantile strabismus, it persists because of missing binocular links (corpus callosum--cortex----midbrain) as shown by the study of the so-called congenital monophthalm syndrome (unilateral congenital blindness).

Child↗