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Biomedical subjects

A Smith

Publications and source records attributed to A Smith.

1,540 records · Page 86Linked to original sources
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Dental erosion in four-year-old children from differing socioeconomic backgrounds.

Although there is very little epidemiological evidence on the prevalence and severity of erosion in children and adults, there have been recent case reports suggesting that the problem of erosion is increasing. This study describes the use of a simple reproducible erosion index. A total of 178 four-year-old children were assessed; almost half of these children showed signs of erosion. The most common site affected was the palatal surface of the upper incisors with 17 percent of the children examined showing visible dentine for greater than one third of the tooth surface. When considering the influence of socioeconomic group on the prevalence of erosion, four out of five children examined in the low socioeconomic group showed low levels of erosion, while a much greater prevalence was observed in the higher socioeconomic groups.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
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Posttransplantation hemodynamics and exercise function are not affected by body-size matching of donor and recipient.

Because the number of heart transplantations performed is limited by the number of available donor hearts, many centers have expanded the acceptable criteria for donor hearts in an attempt to provide a sufficient number of donors for the number of patients awaiting heart transplantation. Traditionally, body-size matching has been an important criteria for matching donors with potential heart transplant recipients. Although initially thought to be detrimental, studies have shown no difference in survival of patients who receive hearts from smaller donors, but heart performance in this subset of patients who receive undersized hearts has not been extensively examined. We assessed exercise capacity and 1-year posttransplantation hemodynamics in 72 consecutive adult orthotopic heart transplant recipients, grouped according to donor-recipient weight ratio and the ratio of donor to recipient body surface area. Total exercise time and relative oxygen consumption were not significantly different among three groups of patients grouped according to donor-recipient body weight ratio as follows: low, 0.60 to 0.79; mid, 0.80 to 1.0; high, more than 1.0. No difference was noted among the three donor-recipient weight ratio groups with respect to 1-year posttransplantation hemodynamics. Similarly, 1-year posttransplantation hemodynamics were not different between patients with a body surface area ratio of less than 1.0 versus those with a body surface area ratio of 1.0 or more. Differences in pretransplantation hemodynamics or graft preservation did not affect our results. Neither donor-recipient weight ratio nor body surface area ratio correlated with any posttransplantation hemodynamic measurement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
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The way of the web.

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Computer Communication Networks↗
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Inside story.

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Drug Therapy↗
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Imaging in paranasal sinus disease.

This article reviews the basic anatomy of the paranasal sinuses and discusses the role of imaging in the spectrum of paranasal sinus disease. A separate section on facial trauma is included.

Diagnostic Imaging↗
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Tooth wear in children: an investigation of etiological factors in children with cerebral palsy and gastroesophageal reflux.

This investigation was undertaken to establish the prevalence and distribution of tooth wear in different groups of medically compromised children and to assess the possible influence of gastroesophageal reflux, dietary factors, and parafunctional activity. Four groups of children including twenty-one with cerebral palsy were clinically examined and had in-depth, structured interviews, including information on medical history, medication, gastroesophageal reflux, feeding and drinking habits, parafunctional activity, and tooth-brushing procedures. All the children with cerebral palsy also had twenty-four-hour gastroesophageal pH monitoring. Of the fifty-one children in total, twenty-five had moderate or severe levels of dental erosion. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups as far as dietary influences, feeding habits, and tooth-brushing procedures. There was a significant association, however, between gastroesophageal reflux and erosion. It is concluded that in children with cerebral palsy this reflux may be much more important in the etiology of tooth surface loss than the parafunctional activity, which has classically been regarded as the cause.

Beverages↗