Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Smith

Publications and source records attributed to A Smith.

At least 1,351 records · Page 75Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Lithium and erythrocyte membrane cation carrier studies in normal and manic depressive subjects.

Changes in the erythrocyte membrane cation carrier following lithium ingestion in normal human subjects were studied; ouabain sensitive potassium influx fell significantly during the lithium treated phase. Lithium was fed to rats and no change in erythrocyte Na-K ATPase was shown. These findings contrast with studies of lithium in manic depressive psychosis. The fluctuations in the erythrocyte membrane cation carrier were studied in 5 normal subjects over 12 weeks and the correlations between the parameters calculated. The erythrocyte sodium concentration correlated positively with the ouabain sensitive potassium influx. This too contrasts with findings in manic depressive psychosis.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1977

Antibacterial activity of netilmicin, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic, compared with that of gentamicin.

The antibacterial activity of netilmicin (Sch 20569), a new semisynthetic aminoglycoside, was compared with that of gentamicin against a variety of gram-negative bacteria, staphylococci, and streptococci. Both antibiotics had similar activity against most organisms, but netilmicin had appreciably greater activity against gram-negative organisms that were resistant to gentamicin because these species synthesized aminoglycoside 3-N-acetyltransferase I or aminoglycoside 2''-O-nucleotidyltransferase. Netilmicin was also more active than gentamicin against gentamicin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus that produced two enzymes-aminoglycoside-2''-O-phosphotransferase and aminoglycoside-6'-N-acetyltransferase.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1977

Atresia of the right atrioventricular orifice.

The results are reported of a study of 83 necropsied hearts with atresia of the right atrioventricular orifice. It is emphasised that right atrial or atrioventricular orificial atresia is a better term to describe this anomaly than "tricuspid atresia". Use of the latter term can be confusing when the morphologically tricuspid valve is located beneath the left atrium. It is accepted that the definition employed may include cases in which the mitral valve may be atretic, blocking normal exit from the right atrium, but it is argued that such cases would present clinically as "tricuspid atresia" and therefore are correctly designated as right atrial orificial atresia. The results show that the majority of hearts with right atrial orificial atresia have the ventricular morphology of primitive ventricle, most with, but a few without an outlet chamber. However, in a minority of hearts an imperforate membrane interposes between the right atrium and a formed but hypoplastic right ventricle. In two of the hearts, the imperforate membrane showed features of Ebstein's malformation. The hearts could be further subdivided according to the ventriculoarterial connection. Most had normally connected arteries (66 of 83), and all but 2 also had normal relations between the arteries; in these 2 hearts there was "anatomically corrected malposition". Twelve hearts showed transposition, one had double-outlet outlet chamber, and another persistent truncus arteriosus. The remaining 3 hearts, all without outlet chamber, had by definition a double outlet connection. A segmental approach provides the best way of classifying this anomaly, and an embryological explanation is offered for the variations in anatomy observed.

Aortic Valve Stenosis↗
PubMed1977

Language and the cerebral hemispheres. Observations of verbal and nonverbal responses during 18 months following left ("dominant") hemisphrerectomy.

The only reported data of initial and later effects of left hemispherectomy for glioma were obtained in one patient who survived 2 years postoperatively. This report summarizes similar studies of another adult after removal of the left hemisphere and the subfalcial right frontal cortex invaded by a glioma, until death 18 months after surgery. Despite inclusion of a portion of the right frontal lobe in excision of the left hemisphere, initial language deficits were comparable, but until recurrence of the neoplasm, recovery of singing and language functions was more rapid and extensive than in the previously reported patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Unusual bone images in hyperparathyroidism.

Whole-body scans with 99Tcm-Sn polyphosphate were performed on four patients suffering from hyperparathyroidism. Two of the patients were investigated twice, at intervals of five and eight months. A variety of unusual but symmetrical images were obtained, not always confined to the skeleton. It is suggested that in conditions of renal failure the radiopharmaceutical may be avidly accumulated on first passage by calcifying areas in the soft tissues. Deteriorating blood supply to the bones reduces uptake of 99Tcm in the the skeleton.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas with pulmonary hypertension.

Two cases of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas associated with pulmonary hypertension occurring in young multiparous women are described. Both cases suggest the development of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas subsequent to and as a consequence of the onset of pulmonary hypertension. Etiologic factors resulting in the development of the pulmonary hypertension in these patients, including the possible role of estrogens, are considered. The possible causal relationship of the pulmonary hypertension to the development of the pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas is discussed, and the importance of detecting the presence of pulmonary hypertension is stressed, since resection of the arteriovenous fistulas would be contraindicated in this situation.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Malaria along the southernmost fringe of its distribution in Africa: epidemiology and control.

After more than thirty years of malaria control in northern Transvaal with residual insecticides, malaria prevalence has been reduced to a low level. However, low-grade transmission of Plasmodium falciparum continues, with periodic focal outbreaks after abnormally high rainfall. From October 1973 to September 1976, the operational and epidemiological factors involved in this residual transmission were studied in over 17 000 people of an area of northern Transvaal. Incidence surveys based on the screening of fever cases revealed 42 autochthonous cases of malaria in 1974-75 and 10 cases in 1975-76. Parasite prevalence surveys were not sensitive enough to assess the malaria situation, and serological testing indicated different levels of infection according to the method used. One of the two principal vectors of malaria in Africa-Anopheles funestus Giles-was not detected in the project area, and the A. gambiae group (species A and B) was found in extremely low numbers, so that it could not have accounted for the low-grade transmission in the area. A recently discovered member of the A. funestus group somewhat resembling A. aruni Sobti, and a species hitherto undiscovered in the Transvaal, which is abundant in the area and is indistinguishable from A. flavicosta Edwards, may be involved. Both were found biting man-mostly outdoors during the four hours following dusk, when people frequently gather outside their houses and are thus vulnerable to mosquito bites.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Transcallosal approach to third ventricle tumor: case report. Partial removal of an infundibuloma (grade I astrocytoma arising from the floor of the third ventricle).

A care is described of an astrocytoma grade 1 arising from the floor of the third ventricle, operated upon transcallosally. No disconnection symptoms were produced. Five years later the patient has above normal intelligence and is attending school at normal grade level in spite of a CT scan suggesting recurrence of the tumor.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1976

Evaluation of propranolol in opiate dependence.

Among the increasing number of recent reports of the use of beta-adrenergic blocking drugs for a variety of psychiatric disorders is a series concluding that propranolol hydrochloride is efficacious in the treatment of opiate dependence. These reports were based on clinical observations of outpatient addicts in an uncontrolled situation. In order to validate these findings, we carried out a series of controlled, double-blind studies with hospitalized volunteers. The results of our studies do not confirm the previous reports. Propranolol neither relieved nor precipitated opiate withdrawal in subjects dependent either on dihydromorphinone hydrochloride or on heroin. It did not effectively block heroin-induced euphoria in dependent or nondependent subjects. In addition, there was no effect on the pattern of self-administration in opiate-dependent subjects, whether they were maintained on propranolol or placebo.

Adult↗