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Biomedical subjects

A Smith

Publications and source records attributed to A Smith.

At least 1,315 records · Page 73Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Atresia of the right atrioventricular orifice with atrioventricular concordance.

Three hearts are described in which a fibrous membrane was interposed between the right atrium and a formed but hypoplastic right ventricle, which possessed recognisable inlet, trabecular, and infundibular components. In these hearts the distribution of the conducting tissue was as expected for concordant atrioventricular connections, and contrasts with that seen in the classical type of 'tricuspid atresia'. The distinctive morphological and histological features of these specimens lend further support to our view that the majority of cases of atresia of the right atrioventricular orifice should be regarded as coming within the designation of 'the univentricular heart'.

Heart↗
PubMed1979

The cardiac conduction system in situs ambiguus.

The cardiac specialized conduction tissue was studied by serial sectioning in 13 cases of situs ambiguus. In four cases of right isomerism, we found paired sinus nodes in relation to a crista terminalis, and in each case a sling of conduction tissue between two atrioventricular nodes was present regardless of the ventricular morphology or cardiac position. In the cases with left isomerism, the sinus node was hypoplastic and abnormally located. We saw two types of atrioventricular conduction systems. In the three cases in which the morphologically right ventricle lay to the right of the morphologically left ventricle (presumed d-loop), a single atrioventricular bundle arose from a normally located atrioventricular node. In the five cases in which the morphologically right ventricle lay to the left of the morphologically left ventricle (presumed l-loop) and in the one case with a univentricular heart, paired atrioventricular nodes were present, linked or potentially linked by a sling of conduction tissue.

Atrioventricular Node↗
PubMed1979

Controlled studies of the acute antidepressant effects of lithium.

In two randomized double-blind controlled trials on 63 depressed female in-patients subject to recurrent affective disorder (bipolar and unipolar manic-depressive psychosis) lithium was shown to have major acute antidepressant effects. At the end of three weeks lithium produced more uniform improvement than did imipramine; lithium in combination with tryptophan (in the form of Optimax) was superior to tryptophan alone--the latter drug having no discernible antidepressant activity in this group of patients. Lithium did not produce an antidepressant effect until the second and third week of both trials.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

An abnormal dicentric X chromosome in a patient with short stature and gonadal dysgenesis.

A 16 year-old girl with short stature and gonadal dysgenesis was found to have a chromosomal complement consisting of 46,X,dic(X) (qter yields p22::p22 yields qter). When comparing her clinical features with 7 other cases who appeared to have precisely the same abnormal dicentric X, it was found that even though the percent of 45,X cells present varied considerably from patient to patient, these patients were remarkably similar and the stigmata, of Turner's syndrome were minimal in this group as a whole.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

An infertile male with balanced Y;19 translocation. Review of Y;autosome translocations.

Cytogenetic studies on a phenotypically normal male, presenting with infertility, revealed a balanced Y;19 translocation - 46,XY,t (Y;19) (q11; p or q13). The patient had a normal hormone profile, but semen analysis showed immature cells in the fluid. The possible mechanisms causing the infertility are discussed. An extensive review of the literature of Y ; autosome translocations indicates that there are 2 types, those in which the broken segment of the Y is translocated to the short arm or centromeric region of an acrocentric chromosome, and those in which the Y material is translocated onto a long or short arm region of a non-acrocentric chromosome. The first type is less frequently associated with infertility and hypogonadism than the second type. There is presumptive evidence that the first type is non-random.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Conducting tissues in univentricular heart of right ventricular type with double or common inlet.

Four specimens of univentricular hearts of the right ventricular type, three with two atrioventricular valves and one with a common valve, have been examined histologically to identify the atrioventricular conduction system. Three of the specimens were initially thought to have only one chamber within the ventricular mass, a chamber which had a right ventricular trabecular pattern. On detailed examination and with removal of blocks of tissue for histologic study, a second, rudimentary chamber was found in the posterior ventricular wall. This chamber had a trabecular zone of the left ventricular type and was connected with the main chamber only via a small defect in the septum which separated the two chambers. In all four cases the connecting atrioventricular node was dound in normal relationship to atrial markers and the penetrating bundle descended onto the posterior wall of the main chamber. In three cases it ran along the crest of the septum between the main chamber and rudimentary chamber, in relation to the septal defect. In two cases left bundle branch tissue was identified running into the rudimentary chamber. This pattern of conducting system is different from that previously identified in other varieties of univentricular heart and again underlines the importance of intraoperative mapping of the conduction system during surgery of the univentricular heart.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMed1979

Effect of oxipurinol and allopurinol riboside on whewellite crystallization: in vitro and in vivo observations.

Solubility measurements, seeded crystal growth kinetics, solution depletion adsorption studies, nucleation observations, zeta potential measurements, and measurements of in vivo intrarenal crystallization all failed to show that either oxipurinol or allopurinol riboside interacts with calcium, oxalate, or whewellite (CaC2O4.H2O) at concentrations expected in therapeutic situations. We conclude that at therapeutically expected concentrations, oxipurinol and allopurinol riboside do not affect crystallization of calcium oxalate.

Allopurinol↗
PubMed1979

Compliance with prescribed medicines: a study of elderly patients in the community.

Compliance with regular medicine taking has been assessed in 81 patients, aged 65 and over, living at home. Interview assessment, home tablet count, and retrospective review of general practice prescription record cards provided three indices of compliance.Deviation by more than 10 per cent from absolute adherence to the prescription was found in 53 per cent of all tablet counts and was significantly more common in women than in men. Errors were also more common when medicines were to be taken more than once daily.The compliance index obtained by inspection of prescription records correlated closely with the index calculated from tablet counts (r(s) = 0.68; p < 0.001) for 129 separate medicines taken regularly. Poor compliance with an individual medicine could be predicted accurately in 66 per cent of cases. A combination of prescription record inspection and interview assessment increased the accuracy of this prediction to 86 per cent.These findings suggest that, using simple methods, the level of compliance can be accurately predicted in a substantial number of elderly patients at home.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Stimulation of 86Rb+ and 32Pi movements in 3T3 cells by prostaglandins and phorbol esters.

The potent tumor promoter tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA) induces early changes in ion movements analogous to those induced by prostaglandins E1 and F 2alpha. Among the earliest changes induced by TPA is a significant increase in 32Pi incorporation within 15 minutes incubation of TPA (10(-8)-10(-6) M) with post-confluent Swiss 3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Similarly, the active phorbol ester homolog 4-beta-OH phorbol didecanoate but not the inactive stereoisomeric 4-alpha-OH phorbol didecanoate stimulated 32Pi incorporation. Also, TPA at the above concentrations stimulated 86Rb+ influx shortly after administration. Both fluxes were ouabain-sensitive in accord with the idea that an early effect of TPA is to alter (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity. Further, prostaglandin E1 (10(-7)-10(-6) M) and prostaglandin F 2alpha (3 X 10(-9)-10(-7) M) caused a similar stimulation of 86Rb+ and 32Pi uptake. The finding that water-soluble prostaglandin F 2alpha also exhibited stimulatory effects indicated that those hormone-induced responses are not mediated by solvent interactions. The similar responses of phorbol esters and prostaglandin derivatives suggests that phorbol esters and prostaglandin derivatives may act at common membrane sites. The finding that stimulatory effects were observed at discrete times in the logarithmic phase of growth suggests that the activation of membrane receptors may be cell-cycle dependent.

Biological Transport, Active↗
PubMed1978

Structure and tumor-promoting activity of analogues of anthralin (1,8-dihydroxy-9-anthrone).

Seventeen analogues of the tumor-promoting agent anthralin were tested for the same biological property by repeated skin application on mouse skin using female ICR/Ha Swiss mice, after a single application of a subcarcinogenic dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. Seven of the compounds tested are new compounds. They are 1,8-diacetoxy-9-anthrone, 1,8-dimyristoyloxy-9-anthrone, 1,8-dihydroxy-10-acetyl-9-anthrone, 1,8-dihydroxy-10-myristoyl-9-anthrone, 1,8,10-trihydroxy-9-anthrone, 1,8-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydroanthracene, and myristoyljuglone. All compounds were used in pure form for the bioassays. Of the 17 test compounds four showed notable tumor-promoting activity. They are 1,8-dihydroxy-10-acetyl-9-anthrone, 1,8-dihydroxy-10-myristoyl-9-anthrone, 1-hydroxy-9-anthrone, and juglone. In order to determine whether there is any relationship between tumor-promoting activity and metal chelation in this series, the chelating abilities of anthralin and of its inactive analogue 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone were examined using the bivalent metal ions Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), Mg(II), and Ca(II). No relationship between chelation and tumor-promoting ability was found.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Serum lipids in treated diabetic children and their families.

Fasting lipid concentrations have been measured in fifty treated juvenile diabetics, their siblings and parents to determine which types of hyperlipoproteinaemia co-exist with juvenile diabetes and whether the abnormalities relate to diabetic control, or represent familial disorders. Lipid concentrations amongst the parents did not differ from adult control. Triglyceride concentrations were significantly higher in those diabetic children with fasting blood glucose concentrations greater than 10 mmol/l than those with concentrations less than 10 mmol/l. The latter group had similar triglyceride levels to non-diabetic siblings. Cholesterol concentrations were not related to fasting blood glucose and were similar in diabetic and sibling controls. Hyperlipoproteinaemia (types IIa, IIb and IV) was present in ten of the diabetic patients. Six of the nine diabetic patients with raised cholesterol had at least one parent with cholesterol in the highest quintile for the control population, whereas only six of the forty-one with lower levels had parents in this category. A similar trend for cholesterol was apparent amongst the non-diabetic siblings. However, no association was apparent between the triglyceride levels of diabetics (or their siblings) and parents. Thus although hyperlipidaemia associated with juvenile diabetes appears to be largely due to inadequate control, raised cholesterol concentrations frequently occur.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Trisomy 18 in an 11 year old girl.

A case of trisomy 18, confirmed by G banded chromosome analysis, is reported in an eleven year old Australian girl. There is no cytogenetic evidence of mosaicism in the propositus or her parents. The patient's salient clinical features are severe mental and motor retardation with microcephaly, kyphoscoliosis and various congenital anomalies. She has very mild congenital heart disease. She has been totally institutionalised and has required constant medical care. Comparison of her condition with other long-term survivors with trisomy 18 reported in the literature, and also considered to be non-mosaic, reveals many similar features. However, no pattern emerges as to why these rare patients have survived.

Child↗
PubMed1978

Lymphocyte cytotoxicity in chronic active hepatitis: effect of therapy and correlations with clinical and histological changes.

A study of lymphocyte cytotoxicity for rabbit hepatocyte cultures in 15 patients with untreated chronic active hepatitis showed positive results in all cases, both HBsAg positive and negative. After immunosuppressive therapy cytotoxicity became negative and remained negative, in four of nine patients followed serially. In 51 patients established on therapy for periods from three months to 12 years, cytotoxicity was negative in 19 and all patients are currently alive. However, in the remaining 32 patients in whom cytotoxicity was positive there has been a 34% mortality. Cytotoxicity remained persistently positive in 12 of 15 patients followed serially, and persistently negative in seven of nine. Cytotoxicity showed a significant association with histological disease activity, especially the extent of piecemeal necrosis, but not with biochemical tests of liver function, immunoglobulins, or autoantibodies. The basis of this cytotoxicity test is an antibody dependent cell-mediated autoimmune reaction directed against a liver specific protein, and the results suggest that in some cases immunosuppressive therapy is followed by control of this reaction. It may be possible to stop therapy in these patients, but in those in whom the reaction continues, as shown by continuing cytotoxicity, the prognosis is not as good and the use of other drug schedules would seem worthy of trial.

Adult↗