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Biomedical subjects

A Shinoda

Publications and source records attributed to A Shinoda.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Clinico-immunological study of the patients infected with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)].

Lymphocyte functions of the peripheral blood in the patients infected with MAC (MAC-pts) were evaluated comparatively with age-matched normal controls by using flow cytometry. The results obtained were as follows: 1) In normal controls, the number of total lymphocytes and the proportion and number of T lymphocyte subsets significantly decreased with age. The proportion of natural killer lymphocytes significantly increased in elder controls. 2) In MAC-pts, the number of total lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets were significantly lower and the proportion of natural killer lymphocytes were higher respectively than normal controls. 3) The lymphocyte proliferation induced by PPD-S stimulation in vitro in MAC-pts was significantly lower than the normal controls in both age groups of 50-69 and 70-89 years old. 4) The lymphocyte proliferation induced by PPD-S stimulation in MAC-pts was increased slightly by adding recombinant IL-2 and significantly higher by depletion of monocytes. By combination of both treatments, it recovered to the level of normal controls. From these results, we suggested that the decline of lymphocyte proliferation induced by PPD-S stimulation in MAC-pts was due to the decrease of IL-2 production by antigen committed lymphocytes and suppression by monocytes. 5) Lymphocyte proliferation induced by PHA stimulation in vitro was also significantly depressed in MAC-pts as compared with normal controls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Cystic transformation in native kidneys in renal allograft recipients with long-standing good function.

Acquired renal cystic disease develops in the native kidneys of patients with renal allografts with long-standing poor function. However, there has been no long-term prospective study of the regression or development of cysts in native kidneys of renal allograft recipients with good long-term function (serum creatinine: 114 +/- 24 mumol/l). We followed 61 renal allograft recipients for 63.5 +/- 29.0 months (mean +/- SD) using computed tomography (CT scan) every 1 or 2 years after transplantation. The cyst grade at pretransplantation was significantly reduced at the first study after transplantation (0.98 +/- 1.39 vs. 0.57 +/- 0.96; p less than 0.01). Baseline study after transplantation revealed that the incidence of cysts in native kidneys was 22/61 (36.1%) and 26/61 (42.6%) in the follow-up study. In 32 patients (52.5%), there were no visible cysts in the native kidneys. In 9 patients (14.8%), there was no change in the number of cysts during follow-up, while in another 9 patients the number of cysts decreased. On the other hand, the number of cysts increased in 11 patients (18.0%) during follow-up. The mean follow-up duration was longer in the group with an increased number of cysts than in the groups with no visible cysts or a decrease in number. Biochemical analysis of cyst fluid from newly developed cysts in 2 patients showed differences from the pattern in acquired renal cystic disease of hemodialysis patients. These results indicate that after regression of acquired cysts in most allograft recipients, no or only a few cysts persist in patients with good graft function. The remaining cysts continue to regress further in some patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of severity of acquired renal cysts between CAPD and hemodialysis.

The prevalence and severity of renal cystic changes in 15 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients were compared with those in 15 hemodialysis patients matched by age, sex and duration of dialysis. Cyst grade and kidney volume were prospectively evaluated using CT scan. In 15 age- and sex-matched patients on long-term dialysis, follow-up for a mean of 32 months, beginning 73 months after the start of dialysis, revealed that, in both treatment modalities, a significant increase in cyst grade, kidney volume and the rate of increase in kidney volume as a reflection of cystic change (3.08 +/- 3.87 [mean +/- SD] ml/month in CAPD, 1.43 +/- 1.17 ml/month in hemodialysis) had occurred. However, differences in these parameters between CAPD and hemodialysis groups were not significant. In 7 patients in the CAPD group who were also treated by hemodialysis, it could not be statistically proven that the rate of increase in kidney volume during initial hemodialysis was different from that observed in subsequent CAPD (2.60 +/- 2.44 ml/month during hemodialysis, 5.13 +/- 4.94 ml/month during CAPD). This longitudinal prospective study suggests that the prevalence and severity of acquired renal cystic disease are the same in long-term CAPD and hemodialysis patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Studies on the nontuberculous lung mycobacteriosis in Japan. (Report of the study in the year 1987 and 1988 of the Mycobacteriosis Research Group of the Japanese National Chest Hospitals)--pulmonary infection caused by Mycobacterium kansasii has begun to appear in all over Japan including north Japan Hokkaido].

UNLABELLED: In this study, the Mycobacteriosis Research Group of the Japanese National Chest Hospitals (MRG) presents the reports of study years 1987 and 1988. As reported previously**, pulmonary infection caused by Mycobacterium kansasii occurred principally in South-West Japan (prefectures South-West of Tokyo) and did not appear in North Japan. However, this disease appeared in 1987 and 1988 in Hokkaido (Sapporo Hospital). Accordingly, we may say the disease occurs all over Japan. This is a noteworthy finding newly recognized in the study years. The prevalence rate of nontuberculous lung mycobacteriosis was determined as 2.92 or 2.78 in 1987 and as 2.02 or 1.91 in 1988 per 100,000 population per year. The estimated rates based on the ratio of nontuberculous lung mycobacteriosis against active lung tuberculosis and based on the ratio of nontuberculous lung mycobacteriosis against culture-positive lung tuberculosis well agreed with each other. COMMENT: In this country, chest physicians customarily report their cases of nontuberculous mycobacteriosis including lung tuberculosis, because the payment of treatment for patients with tuberculosis is free. Because of this custom, tuberculosis statistics surely contain cases of nontuberculous mycobacteriosis. Caution about this has been paid in calculating the prevalence rate. From the study year 1987, the MRG chairman moved from Michio Tsukamura, The National Chubu Hospital, to Nobuhiko Kita, The National Kinki Chuo Hospital.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical evaluation of sultamicillin in lower respiratory tract infections].

Clinical efficacy and safety of sultamicillin (SBTPC) in patients with lower respiratory tract infections, mainly pneumonia and bronchitis, have been evaluated in a multicenter trial by 19 institutions in the Kyushu area during a period of 12 months from December 1988 to November 1989. 1. Clinical evaluation was made in 132 patients and efficacy rates of SBTPC were 80.0% (28/35) for pneumonia, 78.5% (73/93) for bronchitis and 100% for the remaining 1 patient with other respiratory tract infections. The overall efficacy rate was 79.1% (102/129). 2. Clinical efficacy rate of SBTPC for respiratory tract infections in patients with underlying diseases such as chronic bronchitis, old pulmonary tuberculosis etc., was 75.0% (60/80) which was not significantly different from the efficacy rate of 85.7% (42/49) in patients without underlying diseases. 3. Of 13 patients who failed to respond to previous antibiotic treatments, 8 (61.5%) were effectively treated with SBTPC. 4. Clinical efficacy rates against infections caused by single species of organisms were 90.9% (10/11) for Haemophilus influenzae, 100% (8/8) for Streptococcus viridans and 100% (3/3) for Staphylococcus aureus. The overall clinical efficacy rate in all cases of monomicrobial infections was 88.6% (31/35), in polymicrobial infection 45.5% (5/11) and the overall efficacy rate in cases in which causative bacteria were identified was 78.3% (35/46). 5. Adverse reactions occurred in 6.8% (9/132) of the patients. The symptoms included allergic reaction in 1 patient, gastrointestinal system disorders in 7 patients and general fatigability in 1 patient. As abnormalities in laboratory test values, elevations of A1-P, GOT, and GPT were observed in 3 patients during the study, but returned to normal after discontinuation of SBTPC administration. 6. SBTPC is a useful antibiotic in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections under the current medical environment where resistant organisms which produce beta-lactamases have been increasing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Role of septum and preoptic area in regulating masculine and feminine sexual behavior in male rats.

The effects of septal or preoptic lesions on both masculine and feminine sexual behaviors were examined in castrated adult male rats. Three weeks after brain surgery, animals were implanted with Silastic tubes containing testosterone (T) and observations of masculine sexual behavior were carried out four times every 5 days. T tubes were removed immediately after the end of the masculine behavioral tests. Two weeks later, animals implanted with Silastic tubes containing estradiol-17 beta(E2) were subjected to three feminine sexual behavioral tests at 5-day intervals. The bilateral lateral septal lesion (LSL) and the medial preoptic lesion (MPOL) effectively suppressed the performance of mounts, intromissions, and ejaculations, whereas the medial septal lesion (MSL), the dorsolateral preoptic lesion (DPOL), and the sham operation did not show any significant suppression of these behaviors. In the feminine sexual behavioral tests, intact and sham-operated control males showed only a low lordotic activity. However, the performance of the lordosis reflex was markedly facilitated by LSL or DPOL, while the lordotic activity of MSL and MPOL males was not significantly different from that of control males. These results suggest that the lateral septum exerts not only a facilitatory influence on masculine sexual behavior but also an inhibitory influence on feminine sexual behavior in male rats. On the other hand, the medial preoptic area may play a critical role in regulating masculine sexual behavior in male rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Ten-year prospective study on the development of renal cell carcinoma in dialysis patients.

A prospective study was undertaken to investigate the development of renal cell carcinoma in dialysis patients. Three renal cell carcinomas were detected among 96 hemodialysis patients in 1979, and screening by computed tomographic (CT) scan was continued yearly until 1989. During this 10-year period, one renal cell carcinoma was found in the second year and another in the ninth year. Autopsy performed on seven of 19 patients who died showed one case of small clear cell carcinoma accompanying acquired cystic disease. In 33 males, kidneys were found to have enlarged 2.7 +/- 1.7 times over the 10-year follow-up due to acquired cysts, while no change in kidney volume was noted in 24 females. Native kidneys in nine of 12 patients who maintained functioning grafts were reduced in size. The patient with the largest kidney enlargement (11.5 times) died from retroperitoneal bleeding in 1989. These prospective study results suggest that both the incidence and prevalence of renal cell carcinoma in dialysis patients is high. Furthermore, major complications of acquired renal cystic disease seem to occur predominantly in males.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Tuberculosis sequelae: clinical aspects].

We studied the pulmonary diseases which had developed as consequent deformities after healing of tuberculosis, which we called tuberculosis sequelae. Results are described as follows. 1. The frequency of tuberculosis sequelae was about 6% in the patients with pulmonary diseases admitted to our hospital. 2. 93 cases of them consisted of 4 groups, which were 39 of repeated bacterial infection of lower respiratory tract, 23 of pulmonary aspergilloma, 13 of atypical mycobacteriosis and 28 of chronic respiratory failure. 3. Patients with tuberculosis sequelae were distributed more in the younger age group than others with resembled pulmonary diseases. The men to women ratio was about 2:1. Patients with pulmonary aspergilloma were younger than those with atypical mycobacteriosis. 4. Death rate in tuberculosis sequelae was about 5% per year. 46% of patients with atypical mycobacteriosis and 44% with chronic respiratory failure died within 4 years. 5. In chest X-ray findings, fibrosis and shrinkage of the lung, compensatory pulmonary emphysema, deformity or dilatation of bronchi, bulla formation and residual tuberculous cavities were recognized in 40 to 65% of the cases. Severe pleural thickness or past thoracoplasty were frequently recognized in the patients with chronic respiratory failure. All the patients with pulmonary aspergilloma had one or more residual cavities. 6. The frequency of systemic complications was not more than in the control population matched by age. Comparatively, serum IgG and IgA were elevated and PHA-induced lymphocyte activation was not lowered in the patients with pulmonary aspergilloma and atypical mycobacteriosis. From these results, the main factor in the development of tuberculosis sequelae seemed to be local defects of the chest.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical significance of Su-polysaccharide (Su-PS) skin test in patients with primary lung cancer treated with chemotherapy and administration of OK-432, with special reference to the therapeutic effect and prognosis].

In order to evaluate the significance as a parameter for monitoring immunological status and for predicting therapeutic effect and prognosis, Su-PS skin test was performed in 68 cases of primary lung cancer treated with chemotherapy and administration of OK-432. In 16 of 68 cases, lymphocyte subsets of peripheral blood using Leu monoclonal antibodies were analyzed to investigate the immunological status. Su-PS skin test was performed at the time of before treatment, 1 week after administration of OK-432, 4 weeks after chemotherapy and intervals during treatment. The reactions to Su-PS skin test in these patients were divided into 3 groups according to the maximum size during the treatment as follows; less than 20 mm, 20 mm to 50 mm and over 50 mm. As compared with the reaction to Su-PS skin test and the survival, there was a significant difference between each group. The analysis of the lymphocyte subsets also indicated that immunological status tended to be activated more in strong responders to the Su-PS skin test than in weak responders. Therefore, Su-PS skin test is considered to be an useful immunological parameter of cancer patients under treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical evaluation of sulbactam/cefoperazone in lower respiratory tract infections].

Clinical evaluation, safety and kinetics in serum of sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ) in patients with lower respiratory tract infections have been studied in a multicenter trial participated by 28 institutions in Kyushu area during a period of 13 months from March 1987 to March 1988. 1. Mean peak serum levels of SBT and CPZ in 35 patients up to 4 hours after intravenous infusion of 2 g of SBT/CPZ were 38.2 +/- 17.3 micrograms/ml for SBT and 104.3 +/- 31.4 micrograms/ml for CPZ. Serum half-lives of SBT and CPZ were 0.76 hour and 1.53 hours, respectively. These results were in similar ranges to those reported elsewhere for SBT/CPZ. 2. Serum half-lives of SBT and CPZ after intravenous infusion of 2 g of SBT/CPZ were not significantly prolonged in patients with moderate liver or kidney dysfunctions. 3. Clinical efficacy rates of SBT/CPZ in 217 patients were 93.1% (81/87) for pneumonia, 93.3% (14/15) for lung abscess, 78.9% (15/19) for acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, 57.1% (4/7) for diffuse panbronchiolitis, 72.4% (21/29), 74.4% (32/43) and 100% (9/9) for infections concurrent to bronchiectasis, chronic respiratory disease and pulmonary emphysema, respectively. Those were 50% (1/2) for bronchitis associated with lung cancer and 66.7% (4/6) for empyema. The overall efficacy rate was 83.4% (181/217). 4. Clinical efficacy rate of SBT/CPZ for pneumonia in patients with underlying diseases such as lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumoconiosis, etc, was 85.3% (29/34) and was not significantly different from the efficacy rate of 98.1% (52/53) in patients without these underlying diseases. 5. Of 30 patients who failed to respond of previous antibiotic treatments, 21 were effectively treated by SBT/CPZ. 6. Bacteriological eradication rates against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae were 42.9% (9/21), 87.5% (14/16) and 100% (5/5), respectively. The overall eradication rate in all cases including polymicrobial infections was 72.8% (67/92). 7. The high levels of peak serum concentration of CPZ, and the difference between serum levels of SBT and of CPZ seemed to contribute to the high clinical efficacy. 8. Adverse reactions occurred in 2.8% (6/217) of the patients, and consisted primarily of rash and diarrhea. Laboratory abnormalities were observed in 8 patients during the study. These were elevations of S-GOT and S-GPT, and eosinophilia. 9. SBT/CPZ is a very useful drug in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections as it has become available just in time when increase in resistant organisms to beta-lactams is notable.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Serological diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis--measurement of IgG-, IgM- and IgA- antibodies against Aspergillus fumigatus by means of ELISA].

Serological diagnosis plays an important role in the diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis, however, precipitation-in-gel test is neither sensitive nor quantitative. Recently, several investigators have used the ELISA technique for the detection of antibodies against Aspergillus fumigatus and reported the usefulness of this method. In this report, we measured IgG-, IgM-, and IgA- antibody titers against Aspergillus fumigatus by means of ELISA in sera from patients with several different lung diseases including pulmonary aspergillosis. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Measurement of IgG-antibody titers was most useful for the diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis. 2) Measurement of IgG-antibody titers was more sensitive than precipitation-in-gel test. 3) IgG-antibody titer was quantitative and reflected the clinical course of pulmonary aspergillosis.

Antibodies, Fungal↗
PubMed1990

Exercise-induced acute renal failure in 3 patients with renal hypouricemia.

Three cases of exercise-induced non-oliguric acute renal failure in patients with renal hypouricemia, an isolated defect of the renal urate transport system, are described. During acute renal failure, the serum uric acid levels were 5.6, 2.7 and 5.8 mg/dl, respectively, and were within normal limits. The values representing the fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA) were 28.7, 60.0 and 12.7%, with accompanying serum creatinine levels of 8.1, 3.9 and 3.3 mg/dl, respectively. After recovery, the serum uric acid fell to 0.6, 0.7 and 1.0 mg/dl and the FEUA increased to 79.3, 52.8 and 43.2%, respectively. Two of the patients examined exhibited decreased reabsorption of filtered urate. These 3 examples of renal hypouricemia represented 23% of 13 cases of mild exercise-induced acute renal failure encountered within our experience.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1990

Compensatory hypertrophy of renal grafts with triple drug therapy.

The kidney volume after transplantation was compared in two groups, one treated by conventional immunosuppression and the other receiving small amounts of ciclosporin (CsA) together with azathioprine and steroid (the so-called triple therapy). Fourteen pairs of donors and recipients were investigated in each group. The kidney volume was measured, using computed tomography (CT scan), before and after transplantation in the donors and after transplantation in the recipients during the allograft rejection-free period. The graft volume at 2-3 months after transplantation was smaller (215.9 +/- 30.9 ml, mean +/- SD) in patients who received small amounts of ciclosporin A (CsA) together with azathioprine and steroid than that (270.9 +/- 75.0 ml) in those treated by conventional immunosuppression. The remaining kidney in the donor after transplantation underwent a similar increase in volume in the conventional and triple therapy groups. It is suggested that even a small amount of CsA can significantly limit the compensatory renal growth.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Immunological studies of pulmonary infection with atypical mycobacteria. II. Depression of in vitro PPD-induced lymphocyte proliferation in patients with pulmonary atypical mycobacteriosis].

To evaluate cell-mediated immune responses in patients infected with atypical mycobacteria (AM), mononuclear cells from patients were examined in vitro for purified protein derivatives (PPD) induced lymphocyte proliferation using combination of monoclonal antibodies and flowcytometry. Those from normal tuberculin-positive controls and chronic excreters with tuberculosis (chronics) were also examined. The results obtained were as follows: 1) In normal controls, PPD-S induced a significant proliferation of activated T cell subsets (Leu 4+ DR+, IL 2-R+ Leu 3+ and IL 2-R+ Leu 2+). A significant increase in pan T cells (Leu 4+), helper T cells (Leu 3+ 8-), suppressor T cells (Leu 2+ 15+) and B cells (Leu 4- DR+) was also observed. 2) In chronics, the pattern and degree of lymphocyte proliferation by PPD-S were similar to that observed in normal controls. 3) In AM, we found a significant proliferation of activated T cells (Leu 4+ DR+, IL 2-R+ Leu 3+, IL 2-R+ Leu 2+) and B cells (Leu 4- DR+) by PPD-S. However, the degree of lymphocyte proliferation in AM was clearly depressed as compared to normal controls and chronics. 4) In chronics, lymphocyte proliferation by PPD-S was significantly higher than that by PPD-B. In contrast, lymphocyte response by PPD-S was almost same as that by PPD-B in AM.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Severity of acquired renal cysts in native kidneys and renal allograft with long-standing poor function.

To identify factors related to the development of uremic acquired cystic disease of the kidney, native and grafted kidneys were examined in four men and three women after kidney transplantation. The incidence and severity of cystic transformation of native kidneys and grafts were compared by plain computed tomographic scans. In a uremic environment (serum creatinine level of greater than or equal to 265 mumol/L [3 mg/dL] for an average of 5.0 years; range, 2.8 to 8.2 years), acquired renal cysts were formed in both the native kidneys and the graft in three of the male and one of the female patients. Cysts were extensive in the native kidneys but relatively infrequent in the grafts in three of the men. One male subject was found to have acquired cysts only in the native kidney. Acquired renal cysts developed even in grafts undergoing chronic rejection, and increased numbers were found in native kidneys that were in uremic conditions for long periods, both before and after renal transplantation. These results suggest that the duration of uremia is the most important factor in the development of acquired renal cysts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Magnetic resonance imaging in renal infarction and ischemia.

Two cases of renal segmental infarction and 1 case of renal patchy ischemia demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are reported. MRI of renal infarction in two renal grafts following surgical ligation revealed an area of noncorticomedullary differentiation and an area with a low signal intensity. Renal ischemia in 1 patient with acute renal dysfunction with severe loin pain and patchy renal vasoconstriction was visualized as an ill-defined focus of low signal intensity in the renal cortex, indicating a long T1 relaxation time. Delayed wedge-shaped contrast enhancement was demonstrated on CT scan in the same area. The common finding in renal infarction and ischemia in our cases was the area of low signal intensity on MRI.

Adolescent↗