Biomedical subjects
A Shaw
Publications and source records attributed to A Shaw.
Oesophageal manometry by liquid-filled catheters.
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The effect of imidoesters, fluorodinitrobenzene and trinitrobenzenesulfonate on ion transport in human erythrocytes.
Several amino-reactive chemical probes which differ in hydrophobicity and charge and in their ability to penetrate the red cell membrane were tested for their ability to modify K+ leak and inorganic phosphate (Pi) leak in intact human red cells. Methyl picolinimidate (MP), ethyl acetimidate (EA), methyl acetimidate (MA) are hydrophilic penetrating probes whereas isethionylacetimidate (IA) is a hydrophilic non-penetrating probe. The order of their effectiveness in inhibiting Pi leak was found to be MP > EA > MA > IA. This order is in decreasing hydrophobicity and suggests that some penetration into the bilayer or into hydrophoblic domains of the anion transport protein is required to modify an amino group required for Pi permeability through the membrane. These imidoesters have little or no effect on K+ leak in the red cell. Trinitrobenzenesulfonate (TNBS) a relatively non-penetrating hydrophobic anionic probe and fluorodinitrobenzene (FDNB) a penetrating hydrophobic neutral probe have markedly different effects on K+ and Pi leak. TNBS has little effect on K+ leak but markedly inhibits Pi leak. The effect of TNBS on Pi leak is not blocked by prior treatment with IA suggesting that these probes sense different populations of amino groups in the membrane. FDNB nearly completely blocks Pi leak and markedly increases K+ leak. The results with TNBS and FDNB indicate an asymmetric arrangement of amino groups on the red cell membrane. Certain amino groups on the outer surface of the membrane regulate Pi permeability whereas certain amino groups on the inner surface of the membrane regulate K+ permeability. The data also suggest that these amino groups are in a hydrophobic domain.
Transcutaneous oxygen monitoring of neonates during surgery.
Thirteen neonates who underwent surgery under general anesthesia were studied for a cumulative total of 30 hr of intraoperative transcutaneous oxygen (tcO2) monitoring. Simultaneous umbilical or radial arterial blood gas measurements were recorded frequently throughout each operation. A variety of drugs and anesthetics (including halothane) were used during surgery. PaO2 ranged from 27 to 390 mm Hg and PaCO2 ranged from 11 to 75 mm Hg. All patients but one required adjustment of inspired oxygen to correct abnormal values. In 11 of 13 patients there was close correspondence between PaO2 and PtcO2 (r = .92) in the absence of hypotension. In one patient, the transcutaneous electrode came loose, in another patient with edema the tcO2 monitor was unreliable both during and after surgery (r = .25). A low PtcO2/PaO2 ratio (.48) in one patient suggested decreased blood volume, and the ratio returned to normal (1.0) after a blood transfusion. The tcO2 monitor was the earliest indicator of airway compromise (extubation and kinked endotracheal tube) in two patients. The tcO2 monitor was reliable with inspired halothane of 1% or less. Since intraoperative blood gases fluctuate greatly and because of the risks of hypoxia and retrolental fibroplasia, it is important that frequent blood gas monitoring be routinely performed during neonatal surgery. In the non-edematous, normotensive patient, the tcO2 monitor is reliable and can provide an early indicator of intraoperative airway compromise, hypovolemia, hypoxemia, or hyperoxemia.
Calibration of some Wright peak flow meters.
The performance of Wright peak flow meters is described using an absolute and precise calibration method. This showed errors as great as 25% with the peak flow meter and 40% with the mini peak flow meter. At large flow rates errors were less. The expected variation between individual peak flow meters was about 12%. The expected variation between individual mini peak flow meters was between 16% and 22%, depending on flow rate.
Reproducibility of the flow-volume loop.
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Calcification associated with duodenal duplications in children.
Calcification of intestinal duplications is rare, and it is most uncommon in duodenal duplications. In this report, two cases illustrate distinct forms of calcification associated with duodenal duplication cysts. Each type may be confused with calcifications in other benign or malignant lesions. Calcified duodenal duplication cysts should be considered when investigating spherical upper abdominal calcifications.
Calibration of some instruments for measuring peak expiratory flow.
The performance of instruments for measuring peak expiratory flow have been investigated. This evaluation was carried out with two designs of spirometer, two types of pneumotachograph and three versions of the Wright peak flow meter. The appropriate flow profiles were generated by means of a special type of flow calibrator. The errors produced by the instruments varied from zero to about 26%.
A multiple-choice quiz board for health education.
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Anorectal manometry for evaluating defecation disorders.
Anorectal manometry is a valuable tool in the differential diagnosis of disorders of defecation. While especially useful in differentiating between functional constipation and Hirschsprung's disease and thus reducing in many children the need for barium enema and rectal biopsy, anorectal manometry can be a practical adjunct in the diagnosis and management of patients of all ages with constipation and/or fecal soiling due to a wide range of congenital and acquired disease.
Nutrition education in the young. A statement for health professionals. Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on Nutrition Education in the Young of the AHA Nutrition Committee.
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Sphygmomanometers: errors due to blocked vents.
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A constant supply of warm irrigating solution at the operating table.
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Performance indicator for subject motivation in respiratory tests.
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Ganglioneuroma, heterochromia iridis, and Horner's syndrome.
A child with mediastinal and supraclavicular ganglioneuroma, heterochromia iridis, and Horner's syndrome is described. The authors postulate that the thoracic neoplasm originated as a congenital neuroblastoma with metastasis to the supraclavicular lymph nodes and subsequent benign transformation, and that the ocular abnormalities resulted from sympathetic ganglion injury by the tumor in infancy. This seems to be the first published report of such ocular abnormalities associated with mediastinal ganglioneuroma.
Repairing umbilical hernia in infancy.
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