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Biomedical subjects

A Shaw

Publications and source records attributed to A Shaw.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The biological activity of 4-chloromethylbiphenyl, benzyl chloride and 4-hydroxymethylbiphenyl in 4 short-term tests for carcinogenicity. A report of an individual study in the UKEMS genotoxicity trial 1981.

4-Chloromethylbiphenyl (4CMB), benzyl chloride (BC) and 4-hydroxymethyl-biphenyl (4HMB) were tested for biological activity in the following assays: (i) the Salmonella/microsome assay; (ii) a bacterial 'fluctuation' assays; (iii) a DNA repair assay in Hela cells, and (iv) a mouse lymphoma mutation assay. 4CMB was active in assays (i), (ii) and (iii) but not in (iv); BC was active in assays (i), (ii), (iii) but not in (iv) while 4HMB was inactive in all assays. Where biological activity was seen this did not require addition of a liver S9 preparation. 4CMB was more active than BC in all the test systems in which a positive response was obtained. The implication of these results for a test battery approach to in vitro testing is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Tapered connectors in patient breathing systems.

Investigations using recommended gauging tools have shown that many tapered connectors on breathing systems do not meet the relevant standard. It would be important to improve dimensional tolerances so that better interchangeability is achieved. This improvement may make it unnecessary to employ 'anti-disconnexion' fittings.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Achalasia in siblings. Clinical and genetic aspects.

Achalasia is rare in children; less than 2% of all patients with achalasia are less than 6 years old. Familial achalasia is extraordinarily rare, for an exhaustive search of the world literature yielded only 31 cases. Two additional cases are reported here. Based on an analysis of the reported cases in the literature coupled with our two cases, we have observed that familial achalasia is likely transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. We recommend that all siblings of children with confirmed achalasia should either be studied by contrast roentgenography or be monitored closely for clinical signs of achalasia, especially if they are products of consanguineous parents.

Esophageal Achalasia↗
PubMed1981

Calibration of a Floscope peak flow meter and a Vitalography pulmonary monitor.

The performance of a Floscope peak flow meter and the Vitalography pulmonary monitor are assessed using an absolute calibration method. Both instruments have good repeatability. For peak flows greater than 150 litres/minute, the Floscope showed errors of between - 12.4% and +7.1%. For flows below 150 litres/minute the percentage errors were greater. The pulmonary monitor showed errors of between - 20% and 5.5%. Its high resistance makes it an inappropriate instrument to use for absolute measurement of peak flows. It is useful for assessing trends.

Calibration↗
PubMed1981

A pulmonary survey of grain handlers in the West of Scotland.

A pulmonary survey was undertaken in a large granary in the West of Scotland. The lung functions and respiratory symptoms were compared in nineteen atopic and fifty-six non-atopic grain handlers with reference to their smoking habits and also to forty-eight control subjects with no previous exposure to grain dust. Cigarette smokers from the granary workers and the control group had more respiratory symptoms and significantly lower PF, FEV1, V25 and V50. The atopic grain handlers, on the other hand, had better ventilatory functions compared to non-atopic workers. This difference in the atopic group may be related to their lower cigarette consumption, shorter service in the granary or the process of self selection. The grain handlers with wheeze or breathlessness at work had significantly higher incidence of restrictive type MEFV curves and this could not be attributed to increased cigarette consumption, atopy or longer duration of employment and there was no correlation between severity of symptoms and occupational exposure. Although PF, FEV1, FVC, V25, V50 and V75 failed to show significant differences in granary workers and controls, the shape of MEFV curve may have significance as a sensitive indicator of the effect of grain dust as a preclinical stage.

Edible Grain↗
PubMed1981

The familial syndromes of intestinal pseudoobstruction.

Ten reported families with chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction were reviewed. Although clinical manifestations and gastrointestinal contrast roentgenograms are similar in these families, the pathology and inheritance are quite different. Five families have degeneration and fibrosis of the gastrointestinal tract and urinary bladder, three have normal intestinal morphology, and one has degeneration of the myenteric plexus throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Four families are consistent with dominant inheritance, three are consistent with X-linked dominant transmission, and three are compatible with recessive inheritance. Patients in these families have a wide spectrum and degree of chronic and/or intermittent gastrointestinal symptoms. As many as 20% of the family cases discovered are asymptomatic. Operative procedures to drain or resect short dilated intestinal segments may help to relieve symptoms.

Female↗
PubMed1980

Light-enhanced cross-linking of rhodopsin in rod outer segment membranes as detected by chemical probes.

Bovine rod outer segment membranes were treated with cross-linking reagents before and after light exposure. Bleached membranes showed enhanced cross-linking with difluorodinitrobenzene or methyl acetimidate compared to dark-adapted membranes. The light-induced enhancement of cross-linking may be due to increased association of rhodopsin monomers in the light and/or due to increased reactivity of amino and sulfhydryl groups of bleached rhodopsin. In some instances, the band ascribed to the rhodopsin monomer in gel electrophoresis appears as a partially resolved doublet. Treatment of bleached rod outer segment membranes with methyl acetimidate improved the resolution of the doublet into two closely migrating bands.

Animals↗