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Biomedical subjects

A Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to A Sharma.

At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of fungal corneal ulcers in northern India.

Fungal corneal ulcer is common in India due to the tropical climate and a large agrarian population that is at risk. Various factors such as trauma, the injudicious use of topical antibiotics and corticosteroids are involved. Many of the age and sex-related risk factors also play a minor role. This 6-year study from Northern India revealed that fungi were detected in 61 (8.4%) out of 730 patients investigated. Direct microscopy was positive in 51 (7%) and culture in 53 (7.3%) patients. Aspergillus spp. were the most common causative agents accounting for 25 (40.1%) of the isolates, followed by Fusarium sp. with ten (16.4%), Curvularia sp. with five (8.2%), Candida albicans with five (8.2%), Acremonium sp. with four (6.6%), Paecilomyces sp. with three (4.9%), Penicillium sp. with two (3.3%), Alternaria sp. with two (3.3%), Fonsecaea pedrosoi var. cladosporium with two isolates (3.3%) and Pseudallescheria boydii, Drechslera sp. and Aureobasidium pullulans with one isolate (1.6%) each. The prevalence of fungal ulcers in males was three times higher than in females. The affected individuals had a rural background and were in the 51-60 year age group.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Time-frequency spectral representation of the EEG as an aid in the detection of depth of anesthesia.

A time-frequency spectral representation (TFSR) has been used to study the nonstationary information in the EEG as an aid in determining the anesthetic depth. This paper uses a TFSR with an exponential weighting function for the purpose. Raw EEG data were collected form 10 mongrel dogs at various levels of halothane anesthesia. Depth of anesthesia was tested by observing the response to tail clamping, which is considered a supramaximal stimulus in dogs. A positive response was graded as awake (depth 0), and a negative response was graded as asleep (depth 1). The EEG obtained during a period of 30 sec tail clamp was processed into TFSRs. It was observed that at depth 0, the spectrum becomes localized in time and frequency. The percentage of energy in the delta (1-3.5 Hz) and theta (3.5-7.5 Hz) frequency bands increased. At depth 1, the spectrum remained unchanged throughout the period of tail clamp. The performance of the TFSR in detecting the patient's awareness was also compared with the power spectrum. It was concluded that under certain anesthetic conditions, the TFSR is superior to the power spectrum.

Anesthesia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thyroid carcinoma.

Eleven cases of thyroid cancer occurring in patients below 15 years of age are presented. The youngest patient was 4 years old. There were 4 boys and 7 girls in the study group. None of the patients had received head and neck irradiation. All patients had well differentiated cancers; there were 4 follicular carcinomas and 3 of these occurred in patients below 10 years of age. Six patients presented with solitary thyroid nodules. Lymph node involvement had occurred in 63.7% of cases. One patient presented with CNS metastasis. Treatment aimed at near total thyroidectomy was performed in 9 patients. Two patients died of the disease during the follow up period and another 3 patients are alive. Postoperatively radioactive iodine was routinely used for evaluating and treating residual and recurrent disease.

Carcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Study of 1,26,266 consecutive births for major congenital defects.

Retrospective study was carried out in 1,15,851 consecutive births in five hospitals, and prospective study of 10,415 consecutive births in one hospital of West Bengal. The overall frequency of congenital defects was 4.42/1000 live births. Incidence of NTD and talipes was predominant in rainy season, whereas cleft palate with/without hare lip had highest frequency during winter. Incidence of these anomalies decreased with increasing birth order. The frequency was noted to decline with increasing maternal age, 21-25 years age group had maximum number of malformed babies. Sex ratio and religion, however, did not have any correlation with the incidence of these malformations. When comparison was done between urban and rural population no statistically significant variation was observed.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of sepsis screen for diagnosis of neonatal septicemia.

Fifty clinically suspected cases of neonatal septicemia were studied for evaluating the role of sepsis screen. Sensitivity and specificity of C-reactive protein test, micro-ESR, gastric aspirate cytology for polymorphs and toxic granules in neutrophils were studied singly and in combinations of two and three tests. Positive blood culture was obtained in only 20% cases, thereby underlying the need for a sepsis screen in the diagnosis of neonatal septicemia, especially in areas where adequate micro-biological facilities are lacking.

Bacteremia↗