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Biomedical subjects

A Shah

Publications and source records attributed to A Shah.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

One in four flexor digitorum superficialis lasso for correction of the claw deformity.

In continuation of the author's work on 'lasso' principle, flexor digitorum superficialis split in to four tails and looped around A1 pulley has been described in this article to correct the ulnar claw and to correct the total claw hand when used along with opponensplasty as a one stage technique. This operation has the advantage of retaining superficialis tendons of the other fingers for better power grip and the avoiding swan neck deformity.

Fingers↗
PubMed1986

Radio receptor assay of serum neuroleptic levels in psychiatric patients.

The radioreceptor assay for the measurement of neuroleptic drugs in serum has been used to study the relationship between dose and serum level in schizophrenic patients receiving these drugs. The assay was found to be reproducible and capable of detecting neuroleptics in the sera of patients receiving a range of both oral and depot drugs, with the exception of trifluoperazine spansules. Linear correlations were obtained between daily dose and serum level for each drug both in individual patients on different doses and between patients on a stable dose. Extrapyramidal side effects were related to the serum neuroleptic level within, but not between, patients. The assay may be of use in clinical practice, including the assessment of compliance or poor response to neuroleptics.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1986

Orbital hydatid disease in Kenya.

We treated 7 cases of orbital hydatidosis presenting as cysts. These were successfully treated surgically using a technique that does not compromise the eye and its visual function. This need arose when it was learned that 7 eyes had been enucleated and another case put on massive steroid therapy due to misdiagnosis as malignancies by ophthalmologists visiting in this country (M. French, African Medical Research Foundation, personal communication). It is imperative to stress the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of this condition which must be considered in the differential diagnosis of unilateral proptosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Alternating chemotherapy and thoracic radiotherapy with concurrent cisplatin-etoposide for limited-stage small-cell carcinoma of the lung.

Seventy patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) were given six courses of chemotherapy alternating two drug combinations: a combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin (Adriamycin [Adria Laboratories, Columbus OH]) and vincristine (CAV) was alternated with cisplatin and etoposide at 3-week intervals. Thoracic radiotherapy was administered concurrently with the first cisplatin-etoposide chemotherapy. Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) was administered after the completion of all chemotherapy. No maintenance treatment was used. Seventy-six percent of patients achieved a complete clinical response. The median survival was 78 weeks and the 2-year survival rate was 32% with an average follow-up of 3 1/2 years. Seventeen percent are currently alive and disease free. Cisplatin and etoposide can be administered concurrently with thoracic irradiation with acceptable toxicity. Our results justify further clinical research using alternating chemotherapy and concurrent thoracic irradiation and cisplatin-etoposide chemotherapy.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1985

Effect of nerve stimulation on rat skeletal muscle. A study of plasma membrane.

The gastrocnemius muscle of the rat showed no morphological, histometric or plasma membrane changes, after sciatic nerve stimulation with a 5mA current for 30 to 60 min, 10 mA for 30 min and 15 mA for 5 min. However, 10 mA for 60 and 200 min gave rise to mitochondrial and plasma membrane abnormalities. These changes were absent after a rest period. The results indicated that the sciatic nerve stimulation at 10 mA for 60 and 200 min caused reversible changes in the rat skeletal muscle mitochondria and plasma membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Determination of the optimal timing for performing digital ventriculography during atrial pacing stress tests in coronary heart disease.

To determine the optimal time for recording left ventricular angiograms during atrial pacing stress tests, digital subtraction left ventriculograms were obtained using 12 ml of contrast material in 40 patients at rest and at peak pacing. Nineteen of the 40 patients had a third digital left ventriculogram performed between 5 and 10 seconds and 21 patients had a third digital left ventriculogram performed 30 seconds after pacing was stopped. Coronary angiography showed significant coronary artery disease (CAD) in 29 patients and no evidence of significant CAD in 11 patients. Ejection fraction (EF) increased or did not change at peak pacing in 10 of 11 patients without CAD. In the 29 patients with CAD, mean EF decreased an average of 10 percentage points (p less than 0.001) and fell 2 or more percentage points in 25 patients (86%) at peak pacing. These changes in EF were accompanied by the development of wall motion abnormalities, which occurred in segments of myocardium that were supplied by coronary arteries with angiographic CAD (more than 50% diameter narrowing). In contrast, the mean EF during the postpacing studies decreased only 2.2 percentage points (difference not significant) over rest values. Moreover, 15 of 29 patients (52%) with CAD had a decrease in EF of 2 or more percentage points. Therefore, the sensitivity of the atrial pacing stress test was diminished when the analysis was performed at 10 or 30 seconds after pacing. It is concluded that EF changes and wall motion abnormalities induced by atrial pacing are of short duration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The use of the Leiter International Performance Scale with autistic children.

This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using the Leiter International Performance Scale with autistic children and presents the results of a study comparing the performance of 18 autistic children on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised and the Leiter. The results showed a high positive correlation between the WISC-R full scale IQ, the WISC-R performance IQ, and the Leiter IQ. There was no significant difference between the mean Leiter IQ and the mean WISC-R performance scale IQ, but there was a significant difference between the mean Leiter IQ and the mean WISC-R full scale IQ. There was a low correlation between the WISC-R verbal IQ and the Leiter IQ, and the means were significantly different. Reading attainment scores correlated positively with both the WISC-R IQ and the Leiter IQ.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Exposure-Eusol treatment for burn wounds.

Data from 45 adult patients with flame burns covering up to 20 per cent EAB (Group 1), 21-40 per cent (Group 2), and 41-60 per cent (Group 3) are presented. Each group contains 15 patients with 29 females and 16 males, and females had the more extensive burns. All the patients were treated by the exposure method followed by Eusol dressings beginning between post burn days 5 and 7, i.e. as soon as infection was detected or the eschar had started separating. Eusol is an effective antibacterial agent and also assists in slough separation. It appears to be inactive against living tissues and helps obtain healthy granulation tissue. The bed thus created is ideal for grafting. A burn wound up to 40 per cent EAB is suitable for treatment by the exposure-Eusol method. Septicaemia was the common cause of mortality and its incidence was directly related to the extent of injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Measurement of regional myocardial blood flow with N-13 ammonia and positron-emission tomography in intact dogs.

N-13 ammonia mimics certain properties of microspheres. It rapidly clears from blood into myocardium where it becomes fixed in proportion to myocardial blood flow. Used with positron emission tomography as a means for quantifying in vivo myocardial indicator concentrations, N-13 ammonia may be useful for noninvasive determination of myocardial blood flow with the arterial reference sampling technique. This possibility was examined in 27 experiments in 10 chronically instrumented dogs at control, high and low blood flows. Myocardial blood flow was calculated in vivo from the myocardial N-13 tissue activity concentrations derived from serial cross-sectional images of the heart, the 2 minute arterial input function and the withdrawal rate of arterial blood. These calculations were compared with blood flow determined by the standard microsphere technique. Blood flow determined in vivo with N-13 ammonia and positron emission tomography correlated with microsphere blood flow by y = -36.2 + 1.53x -0.0027x2 (r = 0.94 with a standard error of the estimate of 16 ml/min per 100 g). For flows from 44 to 200 ml/min per 100 g, the relation between in vivo and in vitro measured myocardial blood flow was nearly linear but reached a plateau at flows higher than 200 ml/min per 100 g. These results indicate that in dogs, blood flow in the physiologic range can be quantified in vivo with N-13 ammonia and positron emission tomography.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1985

Mitochondrial cytochemistry in experimental myopathies.

In this paper, we have described mitochondrial cytochemistry (NADH oxidase, cytochrome c oxidase), in the light and electron microscopic studies of the experimental mitochondrial myopathies. DNP, oleate and crotoxin were employed to produce mitochondrial changes in the rat skeletal muscle. The DNP and oleic acid lesions showed strong NADH oxidase and cytochrome c oxidase activities in mitochondria--both at the light microscopic as well as at ultrastructural level. However, the crotoxin lesions showed marked reduction of both the enzyme activities in histochemistry and electron microscopy. Muscle necrosis was seen only in the crotoxin lesion. On the basis of these data, we propose that DNP and oleic acid treatment produced mitochondrial myopathies in which the mitochondrial structure was altered but they were enzymatically active, while the crotoxin treatment produced the structural and enzymatic alterations of the mitochondria.

2,4-Dinitrophenol↗
PubMed1985

Cyclic alternating chemotherapy for small cell carcinoma of the lung.

Eighty-two previously untreated patients with small cell cancer of the lung were treated with six cycles of two alternating drug regimens: a new combination of mitomycin, methotrexate, and etoposide; and cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine. No maintenance chemotherapy was used. Consolidative thoracic irradiation and prophylactic cranial irradiation were employed. The median survival time for 32 limited-disease patients was 59 weeks, and for 50 extensive-disease patients was 35 weeks. Four-year survival was 12% for limited-disease patients and 2% for extensive-disease patients. These results were not superior to conventional combination chemotherapy regimens.

Adult↗