Biomedical subjects
A Sandison
Publications and source records attributed to A Sandison.
Case report: Renal leiomyoma with unusual calcification.
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Schizophyllum commune: an unusual isolate from a patient with allergic fungal sinusitis.
We describe the first case of allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) associated with Schizophyllum commune. Histological diagnosis was made on the mucinous material from the sinus which contained eosinophils, fungal hyphae and Charcot-Leyden crystals. The fungal isolate was identified as S. commune on the basis of its colonial morphology and minute peg-like outgrowths from vegetative hyphae and clamp connections. The optimal treatment of AFS is not known but may involve surgical debridement followed by systemic corticosteroids, gradually reduced, with the patient being maintained on inhaled corticosteroids. Oral itraconazole could be added to the regimen of those patients in whom frequent recurrences occur after debridement or when there is histological evidence of severe pressure erosion.
Comparison of size of juxtamedullary and outer cortical glomeruli in normal adult kidney.
Abnormally large glomeruli are susceptible to hyperfiltration-associated sclerosis. We used an established morphometric method to test the general belief that juxtamedullary glomeruli are larger than those in the outer cortex, in a population with no clinical or pathological evidence of renal disease. Overall, juxtamedullary glomeruli were significantly larger, but this varied according to the amount of global glomerulosclerosis present. Global sclerosis increased with age, particularly in the outer cortex, and the ratio of juxtamedullary to outer cortical glomerular size showed a positive correlation with overall, and outer cortical, global sclerosis. Thus in the truly normal adult kidney, juxtamedullary glomeruli are not significantly larger than outer cortical glomeruli. However, global sclerosis increases with age and is most marked in the outer cortex, and this leads to compensatory enlargement of predominantly the juxtamedullary glomeruli. These findings suggest that in single kidneys, or in conditions characterised by ischaemic glomerulosclerosis such as hypertension, morphological changes related to hyperfiltration may appear first, and therefore become most severe, in juxtamedullary glomeruli.
Evidence for unique distribution of Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules in glomeruli.
Different distributions of segmental lesions within glomeruli correspond to different pathogenetic mechanisms. A graphic method of analysis of the position of segmental lesions was applied to 106 Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules in 10 renal biopsies from patients with diabetic glomerulonephropathy, 4 with IDDM and 6 with NIDDM. The nodules were randomly distributed in a horseshoe-shaped area corresponding to the peripheral or intralobular mesangium. This distribution was different from that of segmental lesions studied previously in the glomerular tip lesion, in vasculitic-type glomerulonephritis, and in hyperfiltration associated with reduced renal mass. Our finding is consistent with ideas that Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules have a distinct pathogenesis not related to hyperfiltration or any other process previously investigated as a cause of characteristic distribution of segmental lesions.
The alpha and pi isoenzymes of glutathione S-transferase in human fetal lung: in utero ontogeny compared with differentiation in lung organ culture.
Polyclonal antisera to the alpha and pi isoenzymes of glutathione S-transferase have been used in immunohistochemical studies of developing human lung. In utero expression of the pi set was down-regulated in distal airway cells and the first appearance of pi-negative cells coincided with phenotypic differentiation. In contrast, in the early phase of fetal lung organ culture pi isoenzyme was detected in all differentiated epithelial cells and only as culture progressed did focal negativity develop. The alpha set showed no developmental changes in utero or in organ culture.
Development of the cerebellum with particular reference to cellular differentiation in the external granular layer.
Immunocytochemical evidence of differentiation in developing human cerebellum is presented in this study. Antibodies to neuron specific enolase, neurofilament protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin, cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen and lymphoid markers, DLC and Leu 7 were used. The external granular layer showed positivity with neuronal markers between 27 weeks gestation and 4 months postnatal, but was negative for all other markers including glial fibrillary acidic protein. Characteristic staining reactions were noted in the other cerebellar layers. Monoclonal antibodies, UJ13A (pan-neuroectodermal marker) and G10 (localising microtubule-associated protein MAP1x) were also used in a limited number of cryostat sections and were positive and negative, respectively, in the external granular layer. The results of this study are discussed in relation to the theory that the external granular layer may be one source of medulloblastomas.
Chromosome variation in perinatal mortality: a survey of 500 cases.
The results of chromosome analyses on 500 cases of perinatal deaths are reported. It was found that 4.8% were chromosomally abnormal, but 90% of the chromosomally abnormal were either clinically malformed or macerated fetuses. Of the macerated fetuses, 9% were chromosomally abnormal and of these 33% had trisomy 21. The data suggest that the high loss of trisomy 21 fetuses in later stages of pregnancy is of an order sufficient to explain the discrepancy between the higher numbers of trisomy 21 detected during amniotic fluid sampling than found at birth in women of 35 years and over.
The effect of chromosome constitution on growth in culture of human spontaneous abortions.
The effect of chromosome constitution on growth in culture was evaluated by comparing the length of time in culture until cytogenetic analysis among chromosomally normal and abnormal spontaneous abortions. We observed a significant effect of both tissue type and cell type, but not chromosome constitution, on the rate of growth of the cultures.
Citation of bibliographical references.
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Elucidation of an unbalanced chromosome translocation by gene dosage studies.
A chromosome abnormality, 46,XY,1p+, was detected in cultured amniotic fluid cells. The chromosomes of both parents were normal and it was impossible to recognise the extra chromosomal material using current banding techniques. The activity of acid alpha-glucosidase was found to be consistently higher than controls whereas activity of several other lysosomal enzymes, galactokinase and thymidine kinase was not. The results suggest that the extra material is that part of the long arm of chromosome 17 bearing the gene for acid alpha-glucosidase but not the genes for galactokinase and thymidine kinase. This would narrow the assignment of the acid alpha-glucosidase locus to 17q22 leads to 17 qter.
Letter: Sampling library use.
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Inadvertent rupture of a composite vein graft by angioplasty.
The superiority of vein over polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a bypass conduit for grafts ending below the knee makes it the material of choice for this purpose. When insufficient long saphenous vein is available, lengths of arm vein may be used as a satisfactory alternative to make a composite graft. This may cause confusion in subsequent graft surveillance programs as the arm vein segment may show different characteristics from the remainder of the graft. We report a case where a stenosis developed in the arm vein segment of a bypass graft which subsequently ruptured during balloon angioplasty with formation of a false aneurysm. This was due to the balloon size being selected on the basis of the size of the long saphenous vein section of the graft instead of the arm vein segment. Full communication between surgeon and radiologist must include complete details of all materials used in bypass grafts in order to avoid potentially disastrous results from angioplasty.
Urine culture in the diagnosis of colovesical fistula.
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