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Biomedical subjects

A Sandison

Publications and source records attributed to A Sandison.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Incidental findings in pelvic lymph nodes at radical prostatectomy.

AIMS: To assess the frequency and cause of incidental (non-metastatic) lymph node pathology discovered before or at radical prostatectomy. METHODS: Eight hundred and fifty four consecutive lymphadenectomies received between 1988 and 2001 were reviewed. All had been processed and stained routinely. Additional techniques, indicated by morphology, were then performed. RESULTS: Incidental pathology was found in 15 cases: florid sinus histiocytosis following prosthetic joint replacement (eight), non-caseating granulomas (three), small lymphocytic cell lymphoma (two), follicular lymphoma (one), and foreign body reaction (one). Incidental pathology was present in 1.8% of 854 patients who underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy during radical prostatectomy. CONCLUSION: Awareness of possible non-metastatic lymph node pathology aids histological diagnosis and may be clinically relevant.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

The role of the histopathologist in the management of testicular germ cell tumour in adults.

In the last 20--30 years the availability of effective chemotherapy and more accurate clinical staging has greatly improved the prognosis for patients with testicular germ cell tumours. Initially, such treatment appeared to diminish the role of histopathology to the distinction between seminoma and nonseminomatous germ cell tumour (NSGCT) in the primary specimen. However, histopathology has evolved as a prognostic tool indicating the risk of relapse in various defined clinical contexts thereby facilitating therapeutic decisions. The clinical emphasis has been on quality of life and reduction of therapy both in terms of the number of patients treated and the number of chemotherapy courses given to each patient. The treatment of adult testicular germ cell tumours may differ between countries but protocols are established. Therefore it is appropriate to discuss the role of histopathology during this era of relative therapeutic stability.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Osteofibrous dysplasia of the ulna.

Osteofibrous dysplasia is a rare condition usually ffecting the tibiae and fibulae of males in the first two decades of life. Involvement at the ulna has also been reported in some cases. We describe an extensive, rapidly progressive lesion of the ulna in a three-year-old girl. The progression of the disease accelerated after a local marginal removal, and required extensive resection of the ulna with reconstruction using a fibular autograft. The particular features of this case are the change in the aggressive nature of the condition, which has not been previously reported. We believe that this is only the second recorded case of histologically proven involvement of the ulna.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed2000

Ultrasound-guided needle biopsy of primary bone tumours.

Needle biopsy is an established technique for the histological diagnosis of bone tumours, usually guided by fluoroscopy or CT. Surface lesions and aggressive tumours which have extended through the cortex are also amenable to imaging with ultrasound (US). We have assessed the diagnostic accuracy of US-guided Trucut needle biopsy in a consecutive series of patients referred to a Bone Tumour Unit with suspected primary bone tumours. Of 144 patients (83 men, 61 women; mean age 34.7 years) referred over a period of two years, 63 were considered suitable for US-guided biopsy. This was based on the presence of a relatively large extraosseous component, seen typically in osteosarcoma and malignant round-cell tumours. The results of needle biopsy were compared with those of surgical biopsy. The diagnostic accuracy was 98.4%, with only a single failed biopsy. Thus, in a selected group of patients, US is a very reliable technique of guidance for percutaneous needle biopsy of bone tumours.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Deep soft tissue leiomyoma of the thigh.

A case of ossified leiomyoma of the deep soft tissues of the left thigh is presented. The radiographic appearance suggested a low-grade chondrosarcoma. MRI of the lesion showed signal characteristics similar to muscle on both T1- and T2-weighted spin echo sequences with linear areas of high signal intensity on T1-weighted images consistent with medullary fat in metaplastic bone. Histopathological examination of the resected specimen revealed a benign ossified soft tissue leiomyoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Chondromyxoid fibroma of the sacrum.

A 30-year-old man with a 7-month history of mild sacral pain and intermittant left sciatica was found to have an expansile lesion in the sacrum on a plain radiograph. Biopsy confirmed a chondromyxoid fibroma which was removed surgically. A 1-year follow-up showed no recurrence. The case is the fifth to be reported. Plain film and MRI appearances, histology and treatment are described. The previously reported cases are reviewed and the current literature is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Schizophyllum commune: an unusual isolate from a patient with allergic fungal sinusitis.

We describe the first case of allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) associated with Schizophyllum commune. Histological diagnosis was made on the mucinous material from the sinus which contained eosinophils, fungal hyphae and Charcot-Leyden crystals. The fungal isolate was identified as S. commune on the basis of its colonial morphology and minute peg-like outgrowths from vegetative hyphae and clamp connections. The optimal treatment of AFS is not known but may involve surgical debridement followed by systemic corticosteroids, gradually reduced, with the patient being maintained on inhaled corticosteroids. Oral itraconazole could be added to the regimen of those patients in whom frequent recurrences occur after debridement or when there is histological evidence of severe pressure erosion.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of size of juxtamedullary and outer cortical glomeruli in normal adult kidney.

Abnormally large glomeruli are susceptible to hyperfiltration-associated sclerosis. We used an established morphometric method to test the general belief that juxtamedullary glomeruli are larger than those in the outer cortex, in a population with no clinical or pathological evidence of renal disease. Overall, juxtamedullary glomeruli were significantly larger, but this varied according to the amount of global glomerulosclerosis present. Global sclerosis increased with age, particularly in the outer cortex, and the ratio of juxtamedullary to outer cortical glomerular size showed a positive correlation with overall, and outer cortical, global sclerosis. Thus in the truly normal adult kidney, juxtamedullary glomeruli are not significantly larger than outer cortical glomeruli. However, global sclerosis increases with age and is most marked in the outer cortex, and this leads to compensatory enlargement of predominantly the juxtamedullary glomeruli. These findings suggest that in single kidneys, or in conditions characterised by ischaemic glomerulosclerosis such as hypertension, morphological changes related to hyperfiltration may appear first, and therefore become most severe, in juxtamedullary glomeruli.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Evidence for unique distribution of Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules in glomeruli.

Different distributions of segmental lesions within glomeruli correspond to different pathogenetic mechanisms. A graphic method of analysis of the position of segmental lesions was applied to 106 Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules in 10 renal biopsies from patients with diabetic glomerulonephropathy, 4 with IDDM and 6 with NIDDM. The nodules were randomly distributed in a horseshoe-shaped area corresponding to the peripheral or intralobular mesangium. This distribution was different from that of segmental lesions studied previously in the glomerular tip lesion, in vasculitic-type glomerulonephritis, and in hyperfiltration associated with reduced renal mass. Our finding is consistent with ideas that Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules have a distinct pathogenesis not related to hyperfiltration or any other process previously investigated as a cause of characteristic distribution of segmental lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The alpha and pi isoenzymes of glutathione S-transferase in human fetal lung: in utero ontogeny compared with differentiation in lung organ culture.

Polyclonal antisera to the alpha and pi isoenzymes of glutathione S-transferase have been used in immunohistochemical studies of developing human lung. In utero expression of the pi set was down-regulated in distal airway cells and the first appearance of pi-negative cells coincided with phenotypic differentiation. In contrast, in the early phase of fetal lung organ culture pi isoenzyme was detected in all differentiated epithelial cells and only as culture progressed did focal negativity develop. The alpha set showed no developmental changes in utero or in organ culture.

Down-Regulation↗
PubMed1989

Development of the cerebellum with particular reference to cellular differentiation in the external granular layer.

Immunocytochemical evidence of differentiation in developing human cerebellum is presented in this study. Antibodies to neuron specific enolase, neurofilament protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin, cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen and lymphoid markers, DLC and Leu 7 were used. The external granular layer showed positivity with neuronal markers between 27 weeks gestation and 4 months postnatal, but was negative for all other markers including glial fibrillary acidic protein. Characteristic staining reactions were noted in the other cerebellar layers. Monoclonal antibodies, UJ13A (pan-neuroectodermal marker) and G10 (localising microtubule-associated protein MAP1x) were also used in a limited number of cryostat sections and were positive and negative, respectively, in the external granular layer. The results of this study are discussed in relation to the theory that the external granular layer may be one source of medulloblastomas.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1984

Chromosome variation in perinatal mortality: a survey of 500 cases.

The results of chromosome analyses on 500 cases of perinatal deaths are reported. It was found that 4.8% were chromosomally abnormal, but 90% of the chromosomally abnormal were either clinically malformed or macerated fetuses. Of the macerated fetuses, 9% were chromosomally abnormal and of these 33% had trisomy 21. The data suggest that the high loss of trisomy 21 fetuses in later stages of pregnancy is of an order sufficient to explain the discrepancy between the higher numbers of trisomy 21 detected during amniotic fluid sampling than found at birth in women of 35 years and over.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The effect of chromosome constitution on growth in culture of human spontaneous abortions.

The effect of chromosome constitution on growth in culture was evaluated by comparing the length of time in culture until cytogenetic analysis among chromosomally normal and abnormal spontaneous abortions. We observed a significant effect of both tissue type and cell type, but not chromosome constitution, on the rate of growth of the cultures.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1982

Elucidation of an unbalanced chromosome translocation by gene dosage studies.

A chromosome abnormality, 46,XY,1p+, was detected in cultured amniotic fluid cells. The chromosomes of both parents were normal and it was impossible to recognise the extra chromosomal material using current banding techniques. The activity of acid alpha-glucosidase was found to be consistently higher than controls whereas activity of several other lysosomal enzymes, galactokinase and thymidine kinase was not. The results suggest that the extra material is that part of the long arm of chromosome 17 bearing the gene for acid alpha-glucosidase but not the genes for galactokinase and thymidine kinase. This would narrow the assignment of the acid alpha-glucosidase locus to 17q22 leads to 17 qter.

Cells, Cultured↗