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Biomedical subjects

A Salmi

Publications and source records attributed to A Salmi.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Comparison of HLA-Dw1 and -Dw2 positive adherent cells in antigen presentation to heterozygous T-cell lines: a low rubella antigen-specific response associated with HLA-Dw2.

T-cell lines specific for purified tuberculin (PPD), rubella, and herpes simplex virus (HSV) antigens were established from two Dw1/w2 heterozygous subjects. Fresh peripheral blood monocytes from healthy individuals with shared and non-shared D-antigens were used as presenting cells and the T-cell lines as responders in lymphocyte blast transformation assays with specific antigens. An HLA-restricted reaction was seen with all the antigens, although the PPD- and HSV-specific cell lines reacted stronger than rubella-specific lines when the specific antigens were presented by monocytes not sharing the D-antigens. A significantly lower response was seen when rubella antigen was presented by Dw2 positive monocytes as compared to response promoted by Dw1 positive monocytes (p less than 0.0001, Mann-Whitney U-test), whereas no such difference was seen in responses to PPD or herpes simplex antigen.

Antigen-Presenting Cells↗
PubMed1986

Immune functions in healthy blood donors with HLA-DW2 and -DW3 antigens.

We compared healthy blood donors with and without HLA-Dw2 and -Dw3 in immunity assays, the results of which have been found to be abnormal in multiple sclerosis or autoimmune diseases. Tests included lymphocyte blast transformation responses to rubella, mumps and purified tuberculin (PPD), in vitro production of IgG and interferons, natural killer (NK) cell function and measurement of serum antibodies to measles, rubella, mumps and herpes simplex viruses. HLA-Dw2-positive subjects had a lower lymphocyte blast transformation response to rubella virus antigen and a lower NK cell function compared with HLA-Dw2-negative subjects. The presence of HLA-Dw3 was associated with an increased spontaneous and mumps virus-induced immunoglobulin production. No significant differences were found in other assays. These results support the existence of HLA-Dw2- and Dw3-associated deviation of immune responsiveness, which may contribute to the susceptibility of multiple sclerosis or other autoimmune type diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Nuclear accumulation of measles virus nucleoprotein associated with a temperature-sensitive mutant.

A measles virus (MV) Lec strain conditional-lethal (temperature-sensitive) mutant, designated MV ts38, has been isolated from 5-fluorouracil-mutagenized stock. The mutant has been characterized with regard to growth characteristics at 32 degrees C (permissive temperature) and 39 degrees C (non-permissive temperature). Virus-specific RNA transcription and/or translation appeared to be blocked at the non-permissive temperature as no virus-specific products could be detected by biochemical or immunological procedures. Following initiation of viral replication at 32 degrees C, with subsequent shift-up to 39 degrees C, presynthesized nucleoprotein (NP) was transported to, and accumulated in the cell nucleus whereas other viral proteins could not be detected there. A corresponding accumulation of NP in the nucleus is most often seen in association with MV neurotropic subacute sclerosing panencephalitis isolates in vivo and in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

US-guided percutaneous alcohol injection of small hepatic and abdominal tumors.

Fourteen lesions (nine hepatocellular carcinomas, four hepatic metastases from gastric carcinoma, and one peritoneal metastasis from transitional cell carcinoma) in 12 patients were treated with percutaneous injection of 95% ethyl alcohol under guidance with ultrasound. Requirements for this procedure included inadequate response to conventional treatment or refusal of surgery, easy identification of the tumor with sonography, and a tumor diameter less than 4 cm. Three to nine administrations (75 in all) were performed for each lesion according to its size and to the results of the fine needle biopsy. All lesions had posttreatment sonographic structural changes of fibronecrotic degeneration. All lesions less than 3.2 cm in diameter (11 cases) that underwent the final fine needle biopsy were negative for malignant cells and had volume reductions up to 100%. No biochemical changes or untoward clinical sequelae were detected. Percutaneous intratumoral alcohol injection is inexpensive, easy to perform, and potentially valuable in the treatment of selected small neoplastic lesions of the liver and abdomen.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Sonographic patent umbilical vein: lack of specificity for portal hypertension.

The sonographically patent umbilical vein is commonly considered a sign of portal hypertension and is held to be specific by some authors. We found sonographically patent umbilical veins in 11 patients with hepatic cirrhosis and esophageal varices, and in three subjects without liver disease and without esophageal varices. All subjects were submitted to Doppler flowmetry, which, with the investigation of the direction of venous flow, proved to be a simple discriminatory test.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Coincidental fluctuations of humoral immunity and clinical progression in a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

Serum and cerebrospinal fluid were obtained from a 6-year-old male with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). Specimens were collected over a 9-month period beginning in the unusually acute phase and ending in a more quiescent phase of the disease. Immune complexes, auto-antibodies and viral antibodies were measured by radio-immunoassays. Fluctuations in these humoral immune parameters coincided with cessation of the acute phase of this disease. The results show that neurological changes in SSPE patients can be reflected in immune responses within both the peripheral circulation and the central nervous system.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1985

Ranitidine versus ranitidine and prazepam in the short-term treatment of duodenal ulcer--a double-blind controlled trial.

Fifty out-patients with an active, endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer were entered a double-blind trial of ranitidine + prazepam or ranitidine + placebo. Two drop-outs occurred in the prazepam group and 1 in the placebo group. After 28 days of treatment, the ulcer had healed in 95.6% of the patients on ranitidine + prazepam and 75% of the patients on ranitidine + placebo (p = 0.03). Sleepiness was the most frequent side effect, reported by 8 subjects in the prazepam group and by 1 subject in the placebo group. It is concluded that prazepam can be usefully combined with ranitidine in the short-term treatment of duodenal ulcer.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Polyclonal activation of B cells during rubella infection.

Intensive spontaneous production of IgG by peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro is detected at the onset of rash in patients with rubella virus infection. The IgG synthesized consists not only of antibodies against rubella virus specific antigens but also of antibodies to unrelated viruses.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Selection of genetic variants of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in spleens of persistently infected mice. Role in suppression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte response and viral persistence.

We studied the mechanism of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) persistence and the suppression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in BALB/c WEHI mice infected at birth with LCMV Armstrong strain. Using adoptive transfer experiments we found that spleen cells from persistently infected (carrier) mice actively suppressed the expected LCMV-specific CTL response of spleen cells from normal adult mice. The suppression was specific for the CTL response and LCMV -specific antibody responses were not affected. Associated with the specific CTL suppression was the establishment of persistent LCMV infection. The transfer of spleen or lymph node cells containing LCMV -specific CTL resulted in virus clearance and prevented establishment of the carrier state. The suppression of LCMV -specific CTL responses by carrier spleen cells is not mediated by a suppressor cell, but is due to the presence of genetic variants of LCMV in spleens of carrier mice. Such virus variants selectively suppress LCMV-specific CTL responses and cause persistent infections in immunocompetent mice. In striking contrast, wild-type LCMV Armstrong, from which these variants were generated, induces a potent CTL response in immunocompetent mice and the LCMV infection is rapidly cleared. Our results show that LCMV variants that emerge during infection in vivo play a crucial role in the suppression of virus-specific CTL responses and in the maintenance of virus persistence.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Immune responses to live attenuated and inactivated mumps virus vaccines in seronegative and seropositive young adult males.

Live attenuated mumps virus vaccine and Formalin-inactivated mumps vaccine were compared for their ability to induce antibody responses and cell-mediated immune responses as measured by a lymphocyte blast transformation test (LBT). The subjects studied were conscripts of the Finnish Defense Forces. In seronegative subjects antibody levels induced by attenuated virus were more variable than those induced by inactivated virus, including one failure with the live vaccine out of a total of nine subjects. IgM antibody class response was seen only in four of nine subjects vaccinated with live virus--in those subjects with the highest post-vaccination antibody levels and strongest LBT responses. Increases of antibody levels in originally seropositive subjects were higher in subjects vaccinated with inactivated virus. Cell-mediated immunity induced by both vaccines was relatively poor when measured by the LBT test. At a time of 6-8 months after vaccination, LBT responses in originally seronegative subjects were not observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Subcellular fractions in rubella immunoassays.

Rubella virus-infected cells were fractionated by differential and sucrose gradient centrifugations. Rubella virus antigens distributed into all fractions but particulate material in the 100,000 x g pellet was shown to be enriched about two-fold for rubella virus antigen. Similarly, sucrose gradient fractions for rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth cellular membranes were enriched for rubella virus antigens. The 100,000 x g pellet and the isolated cellular membranes proved to be useful when different fractions were used in solid-phase immunoassays for rubella virus-specific IgG or IgM. These fractions were equal in quality of the semipurified rubella virus preparations in the IgG assays but inferior to those in the IgM assays. However, simultaneous use of 35/25% sucrose fractions from infected and non-infected cells reveals non-specific binding of IgM to the antigens and renders the IgM tests more specific for rubella virus.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1984

Immunoassays for measles virus nucleocapsid antigen: effect of antigen-antibody complexes.

An inhibition radioimmunoassay and a two-site immunoradiometric (four-layer) assay for the quantification of measles virus nucleocapsid antigen were established and their sensitivities compared. Both assays exhibited threshold sensitivities of from 1 to 10 ng nucleocapsid antigen per ml. Concentrations of reagents used in the assays were shown to be an important factor determining the sensitivities of the assays. Purified mumps or parainfluenza 2 virus nucleocapsids did not compete with measles virus nucleocapsids in the inhibition assay but some degree of cross-reactivity with canine distemper virus nucleocapsid was observed. Pretreatment of virus-infected cells with detergent had a significant effect on the amount of antigen detectable by the assays. SDS greatly decreased the reactivity of measles virus nucleocapsid but Triton X-100 and, to a larger degree, sodium deoxycholate released antigen from the cells in quantities greater than that detected when no detergent pretreatment was employed. Complexing of antibodies to measles virus nucleocapsids in vitro decreased dramatically the threshold sensitivity of the nucleocapsid assays. The antigen-antibody complexes could be disrupted and the components separated but the conditions employed destroyed 90% of the antigenic reactivity of the nucleocapsid and also had a deleterious effect on the antibody. Nucleocapsid antigen was readily detected in brains from hamsters with acute measles encephalitis. The assays, however, were not sensitive enough for routine detection of antigen in brains from hamsters with chronic measles encephalitis.

Animals↗