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Biomedical subjects

A Sakuma

Publications and source records attributed to A Sakuma.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Glycosaminoglycans of human colonic mucosa and colonic adenocarcinoma.

The mucosal scrapings of the normal human colons and the colonic adenocarcinoma tissues were digested with pronase, and the glycosaminoglycan fractions were prepared by fractionation with cetylpyridinium chloride after treatment with deoxyribonuclease. Chondroitin sulfate A/C, heparan sulfate, and hyaluronic acid were contained in the glycosaminoglycan fraction of the normal tissue, but dermatan sulfate was undetectable. In contrast, the glycosaminoglycan fractions derived from the tumors contained substantial amounts of dermatan sulfate together with the foregoing three glycosaminoglycans. The total content of glycosaminoglycans per wet tissue weight was elevated in the tumor tissues, which was consistent with histochemical findings.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

[Studies on the results of operations for carcinoma of the sigmoid colon].

Of 734 patients with colorectal cancer operated on during the past 21 years, 142 had carcinoma of the sigmoid colon. Curative resections were performed in 103 patients and non-curative resections in 22, the resection rate being 88.0%. Among 103 patients with curative resection, resection of the sigmoid colon was performed in 79, and their 5-year survival rate was 84.6%. Eight patients died within 5 years due to recurrence. Many of them had the constricting type macroscopically and Dukes C with positive lymph node metastasis. Therefore, in such cases, resection of the sigmoid colon with extended lymph node dissection or left hemicolectomy should be performed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

A multicentre double-blind comparative trial of zimeldine and imipramine in primary major depressive disorders.

Zimeldine, a new antidepressant with a selective inhibition of 5-HT reuptake, was compared with imipramine in a double-blind comparative study. The trial was conducted on 95 patients with primary major depressive disorder, of endogenous character. During the 4-week study period clinical efficacy was evaluated by using the Hamilton Depression (HAM-D) scale, Beck's Inventory and global ratings. Zimeldine (100 mg b.d.) was shown to have as good an antidepressive effect as imipramine (50 mg t.d.s.) when evaluated on the HAM-D scale. Assessment of the symptom improvement on this rating scale suggested that zimeldine was more effective in improving the patient's insight of the disease. There was no significant difference between zimeldine and imipramine as assessed by a final global improvement rating scale as well as by the patient's own impression. Exploratory data analysis revealed that zimeldine was significantly more effective than imipramine in the following groups; patients over 40 years of age; patients whose initial onset of illness occurred at over 40 years; patients with a history of at least three episodes of depressive illness; patients with mild to moderate depression; and patients who had previously failed to show an appreciable response to other antidepressant treatment. Analysis of global safety ratings revealed that zimeldine is significantly safer than imipramine, with a lower incidence of adverse symptoms involving the autonomic nervous system, especially anticholinergic reactions. No significant difference was observed between the two groups with respect to abnormal laboratory reports. One zimeldine patient developed symptoms suggesting a hypersensitivity reaction (fever, skin eruption and elevation of plasma levels of transaminases), which led to the patient's withdrawal from drug treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Mass screening for breast cancer.

The mass screening for detection of breast cancer has been conducted in Miyagi Prefecture since 1977. The main activities comprise the itinerant screening in the residential districts and the group screening of female workers at the vocational sites. The routine examination at the Cancer Detection Center is also an integral part of the activities. In the present paper, the data from the above three procedures were compared. The examinees were 49,114 in the residential districts, 6,725 at the vocational sites and 3,055 at the Center. The breast cancer was detected in 51 cases (0.1%) by the itinerant residential screening, 14 (0.2%) at the vocational sites and 73 (2.4%) at the Center. The problems of the first-stage mass screening to detect breast cancer at the early stage were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Early stomach cancer derived from heterotopic glands--a case report].

A 69-year-old man with early gastric cancer derived from heterotopic glands in the submucosal layer is reported. Macroscopically, two flat elevated lesions were found on the anterior and posterior walls of the stomach; histologic examination revealed submucosal cystic glands in each lesion. Carcinoma was proved only in the deeper part of the submucosal glands on the anterior wall; no obvious cancerous change was confirmed in the overlying mucosa and heterotopic glands in the posterior wall.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

[Clinico-pathological studies on multiple colorectal cancer].

Of 743 patients with colorectal cancer operated during the past 21 years, 52 with double cancer, excepting patients in whom the disease was associated with familial polyposis, were examined. A higher association of adenomas was noted in multiple carcinomas of the large intestine than in a single carcinoma. As most of the multiple carcinomas were located close to each portion, it is possible to resect the multiple tumors concomitantly during a single operative procedure. No recurrence or mortality was seen in patients with synchronous multiple carcinomas that coexisted with advanced and early cancers. However, all patients with two or more advanced cancers died a short time after the operation. In 66.7% of the cases the other organ involved in the double cancer was the stomach. When the cancers were in the early stage, long-term survival could be achieved even in the presence of synchronous double cancers. Despite the early detection of the primary cancer in metachronous double cancer, patients whose second cancer was in the advanced stage died shortly after the second operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Effect of eel calcitonin derivative (elcatonin) in osteoporosis].

Calcitonin has been considered to be useful in the treatment of osteoporosis due to its remarkable suppressive action on bone resorption as well as its putative stimulative effect on bone formation. However, its usefullness, especially the effect for decreasing the loss of bone mass in osteoporosis has not been proved substantially. We have studied this point using eel calcitonin derivative, elcatonin , in relatively low doses with and without calcium supplement. Bone mass was evaluated by microdensitometry of the roentgenograms of the second metacarpal bone. One hundred and thirty cases of postmenopausal and senile osteoporotics were divided into the following four groups and studied for six months: A) calcium and elcatonin treated group, B) calcium treated group, C) elcatonin treated group, D) control group. Elcatonin was administered intramuscularly 10 units once a week, and calcium was given 700 mg for every day. The results of metacarpal densitometry revealed the signs of significant increase of the bone mass in the calcium and elcatonin treated (A) group compared with the control (D) group, while the changes in the other groups (B and C) were not significant. It was shown that elcatonin had the significant analgesic effect for the back pain in the patients. Serum iPTH was not increased and the antibody for elcatonin was not detected in elcatonin treated patients. Although the study period is rather short, necessitating further studies, at present, our study suggests that the use of calcitonin with calcium supplements had the place in the treatment of osteoporosis.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1983

[Clinicopathological evaluation of patients surviving stomach cancer for 10 years following gastrectomy].

The clinicopathological findings on 232 patients with advanced gastric cancer who survived longer than 10 years after curative surgery were reviews and compared with those on 287 patients who died within 5 years of their operation. There were significantly more 10-year survivors in the group whose tumor size was less than 5 cm, where the center was not located in the cardia, in patients without lymph node involvement, less vessel invasion and higher lymphocyte infiltration around the stroma of the cancerous nests. No statistical differences were observed with regard to patient age, sex, Borrmann classification, histological types and invasive patterns between 10-year survivors and patients who died less than 50 years postoperatively.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Therapeutic effect of ticlopidine, a new inhibitor of platelet aggregation, on chronic arterial occlusive diseases, a double-blind study versus placebo.

The clinical efficacy of ticlopidine, a platelet aggregation inhibitor, was evaluated in a double-blind placebo-controlled study on 193 patients with ischemic ulcers due to chronic arterial occlusion. In the group treated with ticlopidine, significantly better efficacy was noted over the placebo group in terms of judgment on overall improvement by doctors in charge as well as by the committee assessing with color slide films. The drug was particularly effective for the treatment of patients with occlusion in the arteries on the distal side and for the ischemic ulcer with relatively small size. In the group with ticlopidine, granulation was significantly improved compared to the placebo group. Those patients who had pain due to arterial occlusion on the distal side were significantly improved by this agent. The mean diameters of ulcers were clearly reduced. Therefore, this agent could possibly be claimed as an effective remedy against the main symptoms of chronic arterial occlusion. The frequencies of side effects and abnormalities in laboratory tests were comparable in the group treated with ticlopidine to those of the group with placebo. It was, therefore, concluded that this agent has an outstanding clinical value as a conservative treatment in chronic arterial occlusion.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1982

[Clinical studies on 5-fluorouracil suppository for rectal cancer].

Suppository of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) was administered preoperatively to 19 patients with rectal cancer. In the bioassay of 5-FU concentration in the rectal specimens, 5-FU was detected in the wall distant more than 20 cm from the anal ring, in the lymph nodes and in the blood of superior rectal vein. Ten of 19 cases were treated with suppository and 5-FU solution by intravenous injection at the same time, and the other 9 cases with suppository only. In the former group, 6 cases improved remarkably, and 3 cases in the latter group. Remarkable anticancer effect of 5-FU suppository was found in 9 of total 19 cases. Accordingly, it was suggested that the combination use of than suppository alone suppository and the systemic administration of 5-FU was more effective in cancer chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effect of metildigoxin (beta-methyldigoxin) on congestive heart failure as evaluated by multiclinical double blind study.

The efficacy on congestive heart failure of metildigoxin (beta-methyldigoxin, MD), a derivative of digoxin (DX), which had a good absorption rate from digestive tract, was examined in a double blind study using a gorup comparison method. After achieving digitalization with oral MD or intravenous deslanoside in the non-blind manner, maintenance treatment was initiated and the effects of orally administered MD and DX were compared. MD was administered in 44 cases, DX in 42. The usefulness of the drug was evaluated after 2 weeks, taking into account the condition of the patient and the case of administration. No significant difference was observed between the usefulness of MD and that of DX. The use of digitalis differs according to the preparation involved. In the double blind study on MD and DX, the way in which digitalis was used may have inclined towards the way in which DX, which is more familiar to us, is used. Therefore, even if MD were superior to DX in usefulness, it would be difficult to obtain a result which proved this. Taking these points into consideration, it is concluded that MD is practically useful in clinical medicine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Evaluation of the effect of CDP-choline on poststroke hemiplegia employing a double-blind controlled trial. Assessed by a new rating scale for recovery in hemiplegia.

A double-blind study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of CDP-choline on functional recovery of hemiplegia. A standardized 12-grade scale (Hemiplegia Function Test) was utilized for the evaluation. The results indicate that for the upper limbs, doses of 1,000 and 250 mg of CDP-choline were superior to placebo at 8 weeks. The higher dose showed an effect at 4 weeks equal to that at 8 weeks while the effect of the lower dose was slower but reached the same level of effect as the higher dose at 8 weeks. Similar results were obtained for the lower limbs but the effectiveness was not statistically significant. The lesser effect for the lower limbs could be attributed to the relatively small number of patients in the early stages of recovery in the present series. No significant differences were found for the effects on subjective symptoms, neurological signs and overall judgment of the physicians. The findings suggest that CDP-choline promotes natural recovery in hemiplegia.

Choline↗
PubMed1979

Statistical considerations on the parameters in drug evaluation.

Some fundamental considerations are described on the parameters in clinical drug evaluation, and on the combination of them into a judgement on the usefulness of the drug. Regardless of the types of study, informal exploratory or formal controlled study, we must recognize that we work in the clinical field where many pitfalls of variability and bias are ambushing us.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of efficacy of amoxapine and imipramine in a multi-clinic double-blind study using the WHO schedule for a standard assessment of patients with depressive disorders.

A multi-clinic double-blind controlled study on amoxapine in comparison with imipramine, using the WHO Schedule for a Standard Assessment of Patients with Depressive Disorders, was performed and the data were analyzed with 111 patients. The assessment of severity of illness and overall improvement indicated clearly the superiority of the antidepressive effect of amoxapine to that of imipramine. The onset of antidepressive effect of amoxapine was clearly more rapid than that of imipramine, and in more than half of the patients in the amoxapine group the improvement was seen within four days following the drug administration. Amoxapine was superior to imipramine in terms of safety and usefulness. The side-effects due to amoxapine appeared less frequently and were less serious than with imipramine. The difference between amoxapine and imipramine was especially remarkable for hypotensive effect. The antidepressive effect of amoxaphine was superior to that of imipramine for almost all symptoms and signs. Amoxapine displayed an especially remarkable effect on psychomotor retardation, depressive feeling, anxiety and tension, somatic complaints and sleep disturbance.

Amoxapine↗