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Biomedical subjects

A Sakuma

Publications and source records attributed to A Sakuma.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The effects of topical diazoxide on hair follicular growth and physiology of the stumptailed macaque.

Diazoxide, an anti-hypertensive agent, has diverse pharmacologic effects; hypertrichosis, hyperglycemia associated with suppression of insulin release, and elevation of serum levels of androgens. Taking advantage of the hypertrichotic side effects of diazoxide, we examined the effect of topical application of the drug on hair regrowth in the bald frontal scalp of stumptailed macaques (Macaca arctoides); we also monitored systemic side effects. Using 7 adult stumptails, we applied diazoxide (5% solution in a vehicle) topically on the bald frontal scalp, once a day, 5 days per week. Two of seven macaques had vehicle alone applied. Hair growth was monitored by photographic recording (once every month) and by sequential analysis of folliculograms from biopsied skin (once every 4 months). We also examined body weight, hematology, blood pressure, heart rate, serum levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, and glucose tolerance for a 4-month period. All 5 diazoxide-treated animals showed thickening and maintenance of the frontal hair during the entire treatment period (16 months). Analysis of folliculograms showed progressive enlargement of hair follicular size and acceleration of its cyclic growth from telogen to anagen phase and prolongation of anagen phase in all treated animals. Controls showed no consistent progressive changes of follicular growth. None of the animals treated with diazoxide showed abnormal changes in physical growth, cardiovascular function, serum levels of androgens, glucose tolerance (including insulin levels), or hematology.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1990

Double-blind test of human urinary macrophage colony-stimulating factor for allogeneic and syngeneic bone marrow transplantation: effectiveness of treatment and 2-year follow-up for relapse of leukaemia.

A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled phase III clinical trial was performed to study the effects of human urinary macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hM-CSF) after allogeneic and syngeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in 60 hM-CSF treated and 59 placebo control patients. HM-CSF was administered at a daily dose of 2 x 10(5) units/kg from day 1 to day 14 after BMT. Significant differences between hM-CSF and control patient were found in the recovery time to greater than 0.5 x 10(9) granulocytes/l and the survival rate during the initial 120 d without retransplantation. There was no difference in the incidence or grade of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). There was no difference in the rate of leukaemic relapse at 24-36 months after BMT in patients with acute lymphocytic, acute nonlymphocytic, or monocytic leukaemia. The results of this trial show that human M-CSF improves the outcome of BMT without any influence on the occurrence of leukaemic relapse or GVHD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Analysis of field potentials in the postcruciate dimple evoked by stimulation of the ampullary nerve of the posterior semicircular canal in cats].

Field potentials evoked by stimulation of the posterior semicircular canal nerve (PCN) were studied in the postcruciate dimple (PCD) in anesthetized cats. When weak stimulation was provided, field potentials composed of 3 components of small positive, large positive and large negative waves were observed on the surface of the PCD. The field potentials could be observed at the stimulus intensity weaker than 1.5 x N1T. The latencies of initiation of the 3 components were 2.32 +/- 0.75 (mean +/- S.D.; n = 37), 3.75 +/- 0.92 (mean +/- S.D.; n = 99) and 9.34 +/- 2.81 (mean +/- S.D.; n = 101), respectively. The large positive wave of the maximum amplitude was recorded in the lateral part of the PCD. In this point, the large and small positive waves reversed their polarity at the layer III and V, respectively, which located about 500 microns and 1000 microns deep from the surface. Stimulations of the whole vestibular nerve (WVN) and the deep radial nerve (DR) shared response areas of field potentials. These findings agreed with the previous results as to a neuronal convergence of the somatic and vestibular inputs in the cat.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Immunohistochemical studies of retinoblastoma.

Various immunohistochemical markers were detected in 27 cases of human retinoblastoma by immunohistochemical avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex and peroxidase-antiperoxidase techniques using mono- and polyclonal antibodies. The glial markers, glial fibrillary acidic protein and Leu-7, were detected in the natural retinal component and perivascular glial cells within the tumor mass. In 4 among 27 cases Leu-7 was positive in the glial cells which were interspersed randomly among tumor cells and not associated with blood vessels. The neural marker, neuron-specific enolase, stained strongly positive in undifferentiated tumor cells and weakly positive in rosettes and fleurettes in most of the cases (21/27). Opsin, the photoreceptor marker, which is present only in the outer segment of photoreceptor cells, was detected in tumor cells of fleurettes in one case and also in rosettes in 6 cases. These results support the view that retinoblastoma has a predominantly neuronal nature with significant photoreceptor-like differentiation and rarely glial differentiation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Extracellular recording of vestibulo-thalamic neurons projecting to the spinal cord in the cat.

Forty vestibulo-thalamic (VT) neurons were recorded extracellularly in the vestibular nuclei of the anesthetized cat. More than half of the VT neurons responded monosynaptically to vestibular nerve stimulation; the others responded polysynaptically. The VT neurons were activated antidromically from one or two sites in the contralateral VPL, VPM, VL, VM, SG, and PO in the thalamus. Their axonal arborizations in the thalamus were likely restricted in narrow areas. About three quarters of the VT neurons were also activated antidromically from the ventral funiculus in the C1 segment. Axonal branchings were found in the contralateral C1 gray matter. The VT neurons were mainly localized in the descending vestibular nucleus.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A multi-centre double-blind controlled trial of glucagon and insulin therapy for severe acute hepatitis.

A cooperative study was conducted to determine the efficacy of one week of treatment with infusion of 1 mg glucagon and 10 units insulin twice daily in severe acute hepatitis. Ninty-eight patients with either prothrombin time less than 60% or thrombotest or hepaplastin test less than 50% of normal were randomly assigned to hormone or placebo treatment. SGOT and SGPT values dropped after treatment with a gradual decrease or increase in total serum bilirubin or cholesterol levels similarly in both groups receiving hormone or placebo. Deranged prothrombin time improved more rapidly in the hormone group than in the placebo group. Glucagon and insulin infusion may stimulate recovery of the liver from injury.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Acute acquired toxoplasmosis presenting as polymyositis and chorioretinitis in a Japanese male].

A 55-year-old Japanese male who developed acute polymyositis and chorioretinitis due to toxoplasmosis is described. The patients was well until one month prior to the present admission, when he had an onset of painful swelling of lymphnodes in the posterior cervical region, proximal muscle weakness, myalgia and a partial defect in the visual field of the right eye. He admitted that he had had a chance to eat half-cooked mutton while he had visited Saudi Arabia 40 days before. He was unable to go up and down the stairs at the peak of the illness. Serum CPK was 2050 u/l (N = 5-50) on January 11, 1989. These symptoms improved spontaneously except for the visual field defect. He was admitted to our hospital on January 31, 1989. On admission, neurological examination was unremarkable except for retinal exudate in the right eye which appeared consistent with the clinical diagnosis of toxoplasma chorioretinitis. Serum CPK was 103 u/l, and EMG showed myogenic changes. The IgM-immunofluorescent (IFA) anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody titer was elevated to 640, and IgG-immunofluorescent antibody to 20480 after IgM-IFA. These clinical and serological findings indicate acute and recent Toxoplasma gondii infection. It appeared likely that Toxoplasma gondii directly caused acute myositis and chorioretinitis. Clinical manifestations of toxoplasma myositis may mimic those of idiopathic polymyositis, however, the clinical course of the former is usually self-limited probably because of generation of antibodies which will inhibit the growth of the organism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Activation of the cytokine network by muroctasin as a remedy for leukopenia and thrombopenia.

N2-[(N-Acetylmuramoyl)-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl]-N6-stearoyl-L-lysine (MDP-Lys(L18), muroctasin), a derivative of muramyl dipeptide (MDP), is known to promote recovery of peripheral leukocyte and platelet counts by inducing cytokines, especially colony stimulating factor (CSF) in myelosuppression secondary to anticancer therapy. This paper reviews the results of a double-blind comparative study on lung cancer patients, administered either 200 micrograms or 20 micrograms of muroctasin for 6 days post-chemotherapy. It demonstrates the efficacy of muroctasin, at 200 micrograms doses levels only, in promoting early recovery of leukocyte and platelet counts and hence the potential for earlier initiation of chemotherapy cycles. The most common side effect encountered during the study was transient fever.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1988

Treatment of acute cerebral infarction with a choline precursor in a multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled study.

A multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled study of cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) was conducted to evaluate possible clinical benefits of the drug in patients with acute, moderate to severe cerebral infarction. The patients included also suffered from moderate to mild disturbances of consciousness, and all were admitted within 14 days of the ictus. Patients were allocated randomly to treatment with either CDP-choline (1,000 mg/day i.v. once daily for 14 days) or with placebo (physiological saline). One hundred thirty-three patients received CDP-choline treatment, and 139 received placebo. The group treated with CDP-choline showed significant improvements in level of consciousness compared with the placebo-treated group, and CDP-choline was an entirely safe treatment.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Cell surface heparan sulphate and adhesive property of sublines of rat ascites hepatoma AH7974.

Two variants (74AD and 74FL) established from rat ascites hepatoma AH7974 were examined for the production of glycosaminoglycans in culture. There was no difference between the adhesive (74AD) and the floating (74FL) variants in quantity of glycosaminoglycans produced by their cultivation in minimum essential medium supplemented with 10% foetal calf serum. However, they were distinctly different in the distribution patterns of heparan sulphate. In 74FL, about 70% of total heparan sulphate was found in the culture medium in soluble form, whereas in 74AD, only 7% was found in the medium and the rest was in the cell-substratum complex. In a serum-free medium, 74AD cells grew without adhering to the substratum. After cultivation, more than 90% of total heparan sulphate was found in the cell-associated fractions and the rest in the substratum fractions. No heparan sulphate was detected in the culture medium. On the other hand, 74FL cells released heparan sulphate to the serum-free medium as much as to the serum-containing medium. The increase in amount of heparan sulphate in the culture medium of 74FL cells was supposed to be caused by failure of the cells to deposit heparan sulphate at the cell surface and not caused by increased production. Cell-substratum adhesion mechanisms involving cell surface heparan sulphate (heparan sulphate proteoglycan) and some serum intermediate(s) are discussed for 74AD cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A multicenter double blind controlled study of lipo-PGE1, PGE1 incorporated in lipid microspheres, in peripheral vascular disease secondary to connective tissue disorders.

Lipo-PGE1 is a drug preparation of PGE1 (prostaglandin E1) incorporated in lipid microspheres similar in properties to liposomes. A multicenter, placebo controlled, double blind test of lipo-PGE1 was carried out in patients with severe peripheral vascular disease secondary to diffuse connective tissue disorders. A total of 135 patients received a 90 min intravenous infusion of either 10 micrograms lipo-PGE1 or placebo every day for 4 weeks. A significant improvement was noted in the lipo-PGE1 group compared with the placebo group in the final overall improvement of peripheral vascular disease (p less than 0.001) and in the healing of ulcers (p less than 0.01), whereas, there was no difference in Raynaud's syndrome between the 2 groups. Side effects in the lipo-PGE1 group were few and were no different from controls. These results indicate that lipo-PGE1 at a low dose is beneficial in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease, and that lipid microspheres are useful as a drug delivery system for such purposes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Histologic infiltrating pattern of gastric microcarcinoma by means of serial sections.

Two hundred eighty serial histologic sections, 5 micron thick, were made of a very small gastric carcinoma with submucosal invasion in order to assess the initial infiltrating pattern into the submucosa, as well as the growth therefrom. The small carcinoma infiltrated into the submucosa through four independent small channels, 0.02 to 0.05 mm2 in size, despite its small spread (3 mm in diameter) on the mucosal layer. Each small channel always was accompanied by the small blood vessels penetrating the lamina muscularis. The size of carcinoma in submucosa grew further to reach 3 to 10 times small infiltrating sites of lamina muscularis mucosa. The growth pattern of the carcinoma in the submucosa, therefore, seemed to be an "expanded balloon." Moreover, a small but distinct vascular invasion could be demonstrated within the balloon, suggesting a possible vascular metastasis.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Discriminant analysis in renal histological diagnosis of primary glomerular diseases.

Differences in clinical and laboratory findings between different renal histological lesions were examined in 138 patients with primary glomerular diseases, and discriminant analysis was carried out in 72 patients to determine whether each histological type could be distinguished by the linear combination of these findings. The histological types were classified into 7 groups: minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS); focal glomerular sclerosis (FGS); membranous nephropathy (MN); membranoproliferative GN (MPGN); proliferative GN (PGN); PGN with focal crescents (P X fc); and minor glomerular lesions (MGL). Ten variantes were selected from the clinical and laboratory findings in the early stage of the disease: sex, age of onset, acute onset, oliguria, urine protein, RBC in urinary sediment, serum albumin, serum total cholesterol, serum creatinine, and systolic blood pressure. In the discriminant analysis made regarding all these items collectively as continuous variantes, there was a significant difference (p less than 0.001) in the combination patterns of the variantes among histological types. Therefore, further analysis was performed using canonical axes and a multi-stage discriminant method. The canonical score and data obtained by a multi-stage discriminant method demonstrated that MCNS, MN, MPGN, and the group of PGN, P X fc and MGL could be distinguished from each other well, but that the degree of proliferation or the presence of focal lesions could not be predicted. As a result of these studies, we obtained a discriminant formula with which we could predict, with fairly high accuracy, some histological types on the basis of data on the 10 items mentioned.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Relationship between endoscopic features and prognosis of pm-gastric cancer--with special reference to the depressive type of pm-cancer].

In this report, operated advanced gastric cancer was analysed based on 96 cases of carcinoma of the proper muscle layer (pm-cancer) experienced between 1961 and 1982 at the Third Department of Internal Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, and its associated hospital. Patterns of macroscopic findings in pm-cancer were classified into three types: (1) early type, (2) early-like cancer type, and (3) Borrmann's variety type. The degree of lymph node metastasis ascended in types (1), (2) and (3) in that order, and the five-year survival rate descended in the same order.

Female↗