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Biomedical subjects

A Sakai

Publications and source records attributed to A Sakai.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Prevention of postoperative infection following cardiac catheterization in pediatric field. Study of air-borne bacteria in X-ray room and evaluation of an antibiotic used for prevention of postoperative infection].

As part of preventive measures against postoperative infection following cardiac catheterization in infants with cardiac diseases, especially falling bacteria in X-ray room was studied. Moreover, a synthetic penicillin, ticarcillin (TIPC), was used as preventive antibiotic against postoperative infections due to falling bacteria which probably contaminate the air in the X-ray examination room, and the efficacy and side effects of the drug were observed. As result, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was detected the most, followed by Micrococcus and then by fungus. The number of these 3 organisms corresponded to 90.3% of the total number of falling bacteria detected during operation. The number of falling bacteria during operation was 5.1 times larger than that before operation. Taking into account normal flora of skin, falling bacteria present in the X-ray room and causative organisms of bacterial endocarditis, TIPC was administered to 30 cases intravenously 5 times at a dose of 30 mg/kg every 8 hours for the purpose of preventing possible postoperative infections following cardiac catheterization. The drug was effective to prevent such infections in all cases. No side effects were noted in any case, in peripheral blood and hepatic function tests and other observations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Formation of volatile nitrosamines by drug-nitrite interactions under physiological conditions.

Twenty-eight drugs, most of which are tertiary amines, were tested for the formation of volatile nitrosamines by reaction with nitrite under physiological conditions; the drugs (10mM) were incubated with nitrite ( 40mM ) at pH 3.0, 37 degrees for 1 and 4 hr. The volatile nitrosamines formed were determined by gas chromatography-thermal energy analysis. Of the 28 drugs, 24 formed measurable amounts of volatile nitrosamines that are known carcinogens. The yields of nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) from aminopyrine (55-65%) and minocycline (11%) were higher than that from dimethylamine under the same conditions. This result suggests that there may be a pathway not involving the secondary amine (dimethylamine) as an intermediate in the formation of NDMA from minocycline as well as from aminopyrine, Tolazamide gave rise to nitrosopiperidine ( NPIP ) in addition to nitrosohexamethyleneimine ( NHXI ), formation of which was expected from the chemical structure of tolazamide, and the yield of NPIP (2-7%) was higher than that of NHXI (0.2-1.2%). Ascorbic acid ( 40mM ) was effective in decreasing the formation of nitrosamines from drugs by reaction with nitrite, although the blocking effects varied between 88 and 100% depending on the drugs tested or on the nitrosamines formed.

Amines↗
PubMed1983

Localization of motoneurons innervating deep and superficial facial muscles in the rat: a horseradish peroxidase and electrophysiologic study.

In the rat, distribution of the motoneurons supplying the deep facial muscles (DFM)--the posterior belly of the digastric (VP) and the stylohyoid (SH) muscles--and the superficial facial muscles (SFM) was studied using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method and the antidromic field-potential method. The HRP was injected individually into the VP or SH or applied directly to the central end of the facial nerve cut immediately before it enters the parotid gland. Electrical stimulation was administered to the common stem of the branches innervating the VP or SH and to the facial nerve trunk just before entering the parotid gland. Both VP and SH motoneurons were found not in the main but in the accessory facial nucleus, within which the VP motoneurons were more numerous and more dorsorostrally extended than were the SH motoneurons. Motoneurons supplying the SFM were confined within the main facial nucleus. Evidence was found that the distribution of antidromic field potentials evoked by stimulation at the above sites coincided with the distribution of motoneurons supplying either the DFM or SFM obtained from the HRP experiment. In the rat, the accessory and main facial nuclei can be considered to be the mass of motoneurons exclusively innervating the DFM and SFM, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Location of cell somata and the peripheral course of axons of the geniohyoid and thyrohyoid motoneurons: a horseradish peroxidase study in the rat.

The location of cell somata of the motoneurons supplying the rat geniohyoid and thyrohyoid muscles and the peripheral course of their axons were studied by intramuscular injection of horseradish peroxidase in combination with severing the innervating nerves of these muscles. Labeled geniohyoid motoneurons were found ipsilaterally in the ventrolateral subnucleus of the hypoglossal nucleus, which separates at midlevel of this nucleus from the main hypoglossal nucleus lying near the central canal and finally projects to the dorsomedial part of the ventral horn in the transition level of the brain/spinal cord. Geniohyoid motoneuron axons mostly pass through the hypoglossal nerve, whereas axons of the motoneurons in the transition level, though much fewer in number, pass through the first cervical nerve. Labeled thyrohyoid motoneurons were found ipsilaterally to form a cell column that extends from the caudal end of the main hypoglossal nucleus in the transition level of the brain/spinal cord to the dorsomedial part of the ventral horn in the caudal first cervical segment. All their axons passed through the first cervical nerve, and thus, the rostral portion of the thyrohyoid motoneuron column, which appears to be part of the hypoglossal nucleus, is not included in this nucleus but constitutes the supraspinal nucleus, which connects the hypoglossal nucleus to the ventral horn motoneuron group. The mean cell body sizes of the geniohyoid and thyrohyoid motoneurons were 28.7 +/- 4.4 and 29.3 +/- 4.6 micrometers, respectively, and their cell body size distributions were unimodal.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Partition of membrane particles in aqueous two-polymer phase system and its practical use for purification of plasma membranes from plants.

A simplified method for the isolation of a plasma membrane-enriched fraction from plants utilizing an aqueous two-polymer phase system is outlined. Mainly, the plant used was Orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.). The two-phase system consisted of 5.6% (w/w) of dextran T500 and 5.6% (w/w) of polyethyleneglycol 4000 in 0.5 molar sorbitol-15 millimolar Tris-maleate (pH 7.3), and 30 millimolar NaCl. In this system, the plasma membranes and the other membranes were preferentially partitioned into the top phase and into the lower phase, respectively. The purity of the isolated plasma membrane was sufficiently high even after a single partition (i.e. about 85% purity) and more than 90% purity was obtained after repeating the partition in a newly prepared lower phase. The plasma membrane was identified with the aid of phosphotungstic acid-chromic acid stain and the association of vanadate-sensitive Mg(2+)-ATPase. The plasma membrane-associated ATPase had a pH optimum at 6.5 and showed a high specificity for Mg(2+) and ATP. KCl stimulation was low (6% stimulation) at the pH optimum, but a relatively high stimulation (23%) occurred at pH 5.5. This method for plasma membrane isolation may be applicable to a wide variety of plants and plant tissue including green leaves.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1983

[A double blind clinical trial of cefamandole and cefmetazole in complicated urinary tract infections].

We conducted a randomized double blind comparison of cefamandole (CMD) and cefmetazole (CMZ) in the treatment of 193 patients with complicated urinary tract infections. The patients received 1 gram of CMD or CMZ twice a day intravenously by drip infusion over 1 hour for 5 days. Pretreatment urinary leukocyte counts and urinary bacterial counts were at least 5 cells/hpf and 10(4) bacteria/ml, respectively. Each patient was randomly allocated either to CMD or CMZ group. There were 93 patients in CMD group and 100 patients in CMZ group. Clinical efficacy was evaluated based on the effect of treatment on bacteriuria and pyuria according to the criteria set by the UTI Committee, Japan. The response to CMD treatment was excellent in 18 cases (19.4%), moderate in 38 cases (40.9%) and poor in 37 cases (39.8%) with an overall effectiveness of 60.2%, whereas the response to CMZ was excellent in 19 cases (19.0%), moderate in 40 cases (40.0%) and poor in 41 cases (41.0%) with an overall effectiveness of 59.0%. No statistical significant difference was found between 2 treatment groups. Comparison of the bacteriological response between 2 groups showed that the eradication rate for strains of Gram-positive cocci were significantly higher in those patients treated with CMD. Gram-negative rods were eradicated from 68.4% of cases treated with CMD, and 78.0% of those with CMZ, but the difference was not significant. Adverse reactions were observed in 3 patients receiving CMD 1 case each of diarrhea, eruption and epigastric pain. Abnormality in laboratory tests was found in 6 patients in each treatment group. The results indicate that CMD is effective, safe and useful in the treatment of patients with complicated urinary tract infections, and its efficacy, safety and usefulness are comparable with those of CMZ.

Adolescent↗