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Biomedical subjects

A Sakai

Publications and source records attributed to A Sakai.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Expression of an Escherichia coli flagellin gene, hag48, in the presence of a Salmonella H1-repressor.

An Escherichia coli K12 flagellin gene, hag48, was found to be expressed in the presence of the Salmonella rh1 gene product. The strains which had hag48 on a chromosome or on an F' factor were constructed from strains H2-e,n,xon-off rh1+ and fixed H2-e,n,xon rh1+ in which rh1+ is cotranscribed with H2 in its "on" state. Motility of these strains in semisolid medium was inhibited by anti-H48 serum and motile clones (swarms) that escaped from it were hag mutants in case of the hag48 e,n,xon-off strain tested. H48 flagellin was detected by electrophoresis, though its amount was less than e,n,x flagellin, from all the strains that were nonmotile in the presence of anti-H48 serum.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1985

A horseradish peroxidase study of rat lingual motoneurons with axons passing through the cervical nerve.

The peripheral course of axons of rat lingual motoneurons was studied by HRP injection into the hypoglossal nerve in combination with transecting of the hypoglossal and/or cervical nerve components of the hypoglossocervical plexus. Furthermore, soma sizes of labeled lingual motoneurons were compared in transverse section with those of labeled geniohyoid and thyrohyoid motoneurons, which are situated adjacent to the lingual motoneurons. We found that axons of the majority of lingual motoneurons lying in the main hypoglossal nucleus passed through the hypoglossal nerve throughout their course to the tongue. In a remaining small number of lingual motoneurons lying in a medial portion of the ventromedial subnucleus in the caudal fourth of the main hypoglossal nucleus, their axons passed through the first cervical nerve to the upper root of the ansa cervicalis to the hypoglossal nerve and then to its medial branch. The labeled lingual motoneurons with axons passing through the cervical nerve were intermingled with those whose axons passed through the hypoglossal nerve. The latter motoneurons, however, diminished in number while being traced caudally, and finally in the most caudal main hypoglossal nucleus the former motoneurons occupied a major part of this nucleus. The lingual motoneurons with axons passing through the cervical nerve were smaller in soma size than those with axons passing through the hypoglossal nerve. These two types of lingual motoneurons were both smaller in soma size than the geniohyoid and thyrohyoid motoneurons, and their soma shape was not as flat as that of the latter types of motoneurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Ultrasonic aspiration in coronary artery surgery.

With the aid of an ultrasonically powered aspiration device, the coronary artery to undergo distal anastomosis during aortocoronary bypass grafting can be exposed in the beating heart prior to institution of cardiopulmonary bypass and systemic administration of heparin. The thick adipose tissue and bridging muscles of the superficial layer are removed with almost no bleeding, leaving the vascular elements intact. The optimal site for anastomosis of the coronary artery is readily exposed and confirmed, and aortic cross-clamp time is minimized.

Coronary Vessels↗
PubMed1985

Improvement in the percutaneous absorption of beclomethasone dipropionate by gamma-cyclodextrin complexation.

Inclusion complex formation of beclomethasone dipropionate (BMDP) with gamma-cyclodextrin (gamma-CyD) in water and in solid state was assessed by solubility analysis and X-ray diffractometry. The solid complex of BMDP with gamma-CyD in a molar ratio of 1:2 was prepared and its in-vitro release behaviour was investigated using an ointment release simulator. The release of BMDP from hydrophilic ointment was significantly improved by the gamma-CyD complexation. Permeation and uptake studies indicated that the enhanced release of BMDP from the ointment may be due to the faster dissolution and the lower binding affinity of the complex in the ointment base. The vasoconstrictor activity of BMDP in man was found to be increased by gamma-CyD complexation, suggesting an improvement in the percutaneous absorption of BMDP.

Beclomethasone↗
PubMed1985

Effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in the conscious adult sheep.

The effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) on alveolar hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction were investigated in the conscious adult sheep. In our model, hypoxia also produced increases in pulmonary arterial pressure (PPA) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), indicating pulmonary vasoconstriction. PGI2 was injected rapidly as a 0.5 microgram/kg bolus via the right atrium in five sheep during normoxia and hypoxia. During normoxia, PGI2 increased PPA and cardiac output, and decreased systemic arterial pressure (PSA), systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and PVR. Left atrial pressure did not change. During hypoxia following PGI2 administration, PPA decreased, CO increased, and PVR decreased, suggesting dilator action on the pulmonary resistance vessels. As the same time PSA and SVR decreased, suggesting dilator action on the systemic resistance vessels. However, the degree of the decline in PVR caused by PGI2 was much greater during hypoxia than during normoxia. The decreases in PSA and SVR induced by PGI2 were not significant between hypoxia and normoxia. These findings confirm that PGI2 decreases pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances in normoxic and hypoxic sheep. Moreover, during hypoxia, associated with the increased PPA and PVR, the administration of PGI2 appears to be particularly effective in "normalizing" these parameters.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[A double blind clinical trial of the alpha-adrenergic blocker, Ea-0643 tablet, in the treatment of neurogenic bladder].

The clinical effectiveness, safety and usefullness of the alpha-adrenergic blocker, Ea-0643 tablet, for the treatment of the neurogenic bladder were evaluated by the double blind test method. A total of 61 patients was treated. Five of them were excluded or dropped out. Eighteen patients (group-A) received a 1.0 mg tablet of Ea-0643, 20 patients (group-B) received a 0.5 mg tablet of Ea-0643 and 17 patients (group-C) received a placebo tablet. Each tablet was administered orally three times a day for two weeks. There was no significant difference in the background factors between the three groups. The rate of effectiveness for subjective symptoms was 22.2% in group-A, 30.0% in group-B and 35.3% in group-C. There was no significant difference between the three groups. The rate of effectiveness for residual urine, judged by decrease in value of residual urine rate after treatment of less than 25%, was 55.6% in group-A, 35.0% in group-B and 17.6% in group-C. The rate of effectiveness in group-A was significantly higher than that in group-C. The mean value of net decreased residual urine rate after treatment in group-A was significantly higher than that in group-C. Decrease of maximal urethral pressure by more than 5 cm H2O was seen in 44.4% of group-A, 35.0% of group-B and 41.2% of group-C. There was no significant difference between the three groups. The rate of improvement for flow rate was 66.7% in group-A, 46.2% in group-B and 36.4% in group-C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[A randomized controlled study to compare 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU) and 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (Tegafur) for the prevention of post-operative recurrence of bladder cancer].

To evaluate the effect of 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU), a derivative of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), in preventing postoperative recurrence of bladder cancer, a randomized controlled study with 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (Tegafur) as the reference standard was performed. HCFU was given orally 600 mg a day and Tegafur was given orally, 800 mg a day. The following results were obtained: Of 103 patients, 51 were given HCFU and 52 Tegafur, the non-recurrence rate in the group treated with HCFU was 70.8% after 1 year and 54.9% after 2 years of follow up, and that of the group treated with Tegafur was 56.5% and 46.2% respectively. The rate of non-recurrence in the HCFU group was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than that of the Tegafur group during the period of follow up between 450 and 539 days. Of the 87 patients, who took the drugs for more than 90 days, the rate of non-recurrence in 43 patients receiving HCFU was 79.2% after 1 year and 60.4% after 2 years, compared to 62.5% and 50.0% respectively for 44 patients receiving Tegafur. The non-recurrence rate of the HCFU group was also significantly higher than that of the Tegafur group in the period between 450 and 539 days after operation (p less than 0.05). The incidence of side effects was 35.6% and 51.7% in HCFU and Tegafur patients, respectively. No significant difference of side effects was found between HCFU and Tegafur.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

[The distribution of cefotaxime in serum, lung lymph and lung tissue of sheep].

The levels of cefotaxime (CTX) in serum and lung lymph were compared in awake sheep which were prepared for collection of lung lymph. A single dose of 50 mg/kg of CTX was administered intravenously to sheep. The CTX level in serum or lung lymph reached a peak within 15 minutes after administration and decreased rapidly. The measurable concentration persisted for 240 minutes after administration. Ratios of lung lymph to serum concentration of CTX ranged from 1.0 to 1.2. In addition, the CTX levels in serum, lung lymph and tissue of right lower lobe were compared in anesthetized sheep to which CTX 50 mg/kg were given. Ratios of lung lymph and tissue in right lower lobe to serum concentration of CTX were 0.81 +/- 0.14, 0.06 +/- 0.02, respectively. From above results, CTX was well distributed in lung lymph. The levels of CTX in tissue of right lower lobe were markedly lower than those of lung lymph.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Subconvulsive dose of strychnine enhances the transneuronal effect of peripheral sensory nerve transection.

The effect of transection of the inferior alveolar nerve on the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis neuron was examined under the influence of systemic strychnine in the rat. Chronic intoxication with a subconvulsive dose of strychnine induced electron dense degeneration of somata and dendrites at 30 days following transection in the area of subnucleus caudalis which received primary projection from the transected nerve. Removal of the postsynaptic inhibition appears to enhance the transneuronal effect of peripheral nerve injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Placental transfer of ritodrine hydrochloride in sheep.

The purpose of this study was to examine the placental passage of ritodrine hydrochloride in relation to the drug's effects on the fetal circulation. Studies were carried out on nine nulliparous pregnant (120-140 days) ewes with chronically implanted cannulae for measurements of maternal and fetal arterial pressures and for blood sampling. One group of animals received sequential infusions of doses ranging from 0.1 to 30 micrograms/kg per min for 30 min (group 1). A second group was given a constant infusion of the drug at a dose of 3.0 micrograms/kg per min for 4 h (group 2). The peak concentrations of ritodrine in maternal and fetal blood were determined by radioimmunoassay. In group 1 they were 313.4 +/- 24.1 ng/ml (mean +/- S.E.) and 12.6 +/- 3.7 ng/ml at the finish of 30.0 micrograms/kg per min infusion for maternal and fetal blood, respectively. In group 2, maternal drug levels were 81.3 +/- 20.4 ng/ml after 30 min and 95.9 +/- 17.1 ng/ml after 4 h of the infusion. Fetal plasma concentrations increased slowly from trace levels at 30 min to 3.3 +/- 0.7 ng/ml at 4 h. Fetal blood pressure and heart rate did not show any significant changes during and after the infusion of ritodrine in both treatment groups. Our findings demonstrate the maternal administration of ritodrine produces no significant effects on the circulatory system of the fetal lamb because of the low transplacental passage of this drug.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effects of elevated-hematocrit levels on pulmonary circulation in conscious sheep.

We investigated the effects of stepwise hematocrit (Ht) increase on pulmonary circulation in conscious sheep (n = 7). The Ht was increased by an isovolumic exchange transfusion of blood with centrifuged red cells. By increasing the Ht-values, both systemic (PSA) and pulmonary artery pressures (PPA) were increased, with the degree of PPA increment greater than that of PSA. Cardiac output (CO) was slightly decreased by increasing the Ht. Also, A-V difference values of blood oxygen tension were reduced with elevation of the Ht values. The ratio of the right ventricular work rate (RVW) to the left one (LVW), RVW/LVW, was shown to increase remarkably with increased Ht. This increase was considered to be supporting evidence for the right ventricular hypertrophy in high altitude acclimatization. A strong positive correlation was observed between Ht and blood viscosity. It was thus confirmed that Ht effect was greater in pulmonary circulation than in systemic circulation.

Altitude↗