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Biomedical subjects

A Russell

Publications and source records attributed to A Russell.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Moral judgment in relation to behavioral and cognitive disorders in adolescents.

The capacity for formulating moral judgments shown by 20 emotionally disturbed, cognitively delayed adolescents was related to their social behaviors as observed in a classroom situation. Adolescents reported by their teachers to be shy and submissive were less capable of reasoning about moral issues than were adolescents who were seen as more assertive and socially engaged. The level of moral judgment was not a function of intelligence or ability to understand concrete operations. The implication that social engagement is a critical determinant of moral judgment for these adolescents is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Efficient generation in vitro, from human peripheral blood cells, of monoclonal Epstein-Barr virus transformants producing specific antibody to a variety of antigens without prior deliberate immunization.

This paper describes a simple protocol for the efficient generation of large numbers of human monoclonal antibody-producing cells. This system is based on initial limiting-dilution culture after Epstein-Barr virus exposure of highly enriched precursors selected from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Precursors can be enriched by using rosetting or panning approaches. Antibodies to erythrocytes, a mouse mammary carcinoma, DNA, and sperm antigens, produced without any deliberate immunization, are described. Large-scale human monoclonal antibody production may be facilitated by a combination of this protocol with a human cellular fusion system. For efficient precursor analysis and short-term (2 months or more) monoclonal antibody production, however, the system described here may be sufficient.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Assessment of abdominal and back extensor function. A quantitative approach and results for chronic low-back patients.

A method was developed to obtain static and dynamic measures of trunk flexor and extensor strength and endurance. The method was evaluated using 32 normal subjects. Variables of trunk strength and endurance were used to compare 24 normals (12 men and 12 women) and 24 patients (16 men and eight women) with chronic low-back dysfunction. The Iowa Trunk Dynamometer is acceptably reliable and provides for assessment of isolated function of the abdominal and back muscles. For peak abdominal and back extensor strength, the range of superiority of men over women was 39-57%, and the range of superiority of normals over patients with chronic low-back dysfunction was 48-82%. Using time to percent decrement of peak strength as a criterion, the abdominals were more susceptible to fatigue than the back extensors, women demonstrated more endurance than men, and the endurance for normals was less than those patients who were able to perform dynamic reciprocal trunk movements.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1982

Intraoperative irradiation: a pilot study combining external beam photons with "boost" dose intraoperative electrons.

Intraoperative "boost" dose electron beam therapy given in combination with 4500--5000 rad (45--50 Gray) external beam irradiation has been demonstrated as a practical therapeutic modality at the MGH. This procedure has been employed thus far in 58 patients; the results in the initial 36 are analyzed in detail in this paper. Thirty-four of the 36 patients had locally advanced lesions--unresectable, recurrent, or residual disease. Results achieved to date are in full agreement with our expectations: high radiation doses have been delivered to the primary intra-abdominal and pelvic tumors, excluding the sensitive structures from irradiation. This has been accomplished by a truly multidisciplinary effort comprising surgery, anesthesiology, OR nursing, administration, engineers, physicists, therapy technologists, and radiation therapists. Although follow-up is not yet sufficient to judge ultimate efficacy, acute and chronic severe morbidity is low and local control is good. There is justified enthusiasm for continuing the procedure.

Female↗
PubMed1981

An unusual form of metachromatic leukodystrophy in three siblings.

An unusual form of Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (MLD) has been described in three siblings who are the sole children of related parents of Iranian origin. Clinical progression in the three siblings was insidious and protracted, the hallmark of the condition being a dystonia mainly induced by intention and manifested by dysarthria and torsion spasm of the neck, spine and extremities. The dysarthria sometimes culminated in apparent choreoathetosis. Laboratory studies included positive sural nerve biopsies, prolonged nerve conduction times and a marked deficiency of arylsulfatase A in the urine, leukocytes and fibroblasts. The parents presented no clinical manifestations, but the arylsulfatase A activity in both was reduced by 50%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Bilirubin binding and neonatal acidosis.

Plasma of neonates with severe metabolic acidosis secondary to fetal hypoxia bound less bilirubin than that of neonates without acidosis, as determined by Sephadex gel filtration. There was a significant correlation between the amount of bilirubin adsorbed by Sephadex and the base deficit. The method used ruled out any influence of plasma pH per se on binding. Our results suggest that organic anions that accumulate in the plasma of asphyxiated acidotic neonates may compete with bilirubin for binding sites on albumin.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1979

Pulmonary atelectasis and other respiratory complications after cardiopulmonary bypass and investigation of aetiological factors.

Radiological evidence of pulmonary complications and possible aetiological factors were investigated in 50 consecutive patients after heart operations with cardiopulmonary bypass. Atelectasis was the most frequent pulmonary complication except for small pleural effusions, with an incidence of 64 per cent. Several types of atelectasis frequently co-existed, with a predominance of the less extensive plate and subsegmental forms. The incidence of atelectasis was the same on each side and the site of atelectasis was basal in three quarters of the patients. Preoperative clinical and catheter data were unrelated to the incidence of atelectasis. There was a significant positive correlation between a short cardiopulmonary bypass time and plate atelectasis, between a large fluid load after bypass and segmental atelectasis, between re-operation for bleeding and subsegmental atelectasis and between post-operative gastric dilation and atelectasis. The type of operation, the use of the intra-aortic balloon and the length of postoperative respiratory ventilation were unrelated to the incidence of atelectasis. The mechanism of development of atelectasis is discussed.

Adult↗