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Biomedical subjects

A Roy

Publications and source records attributed to A Roy.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Differences in CSF concentrations of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in depressed patients and normal subjects: negative findings.

Since there have been reports of elevated CSF concentrations of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in depression, the authors compared the TRH levels of 17 depressed patients and 19 normal subjects. All subjects underwent lumbar punctures after fasting overnight, and CSF concentrations of TRH were determined by radioimmunoassay. CSF concentrations of norepinephrine and monoamine metabolites were also measured. There was no significant difference between the two groups on any measure, and in the depressed patients there was no significant relation between CSF concentrations of TRH and thyrotropin-stimulating hormone responses to TRH infusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Postoperative changes, complications, and recurrent disease after Whipple's operation: CT features.

Whipple's operation consists of resection of the pancreatic head and duodenum, followed by pancreaticojejunostomy, choledochojejunostomy, and gastrojejunostomy or duodenojejunostomy. Indications include neoplasms of the periampullary region, symptomatic chronic pancreatitis, and, occasionally, trauma CT is useful in diagnosing postoperative complications and in detecting disease recurrence during long-term follow-up. This complex surgical procedure causes alterations of the normal anatomy, which may lead to difficulty interpreting images. Familiarity with the appearance of postoperative changes and common complications and with patterns of disease recurrence is a prerequisite to accurate interpretation of CT scans in these patients.

Choledochostomy↗
PubMed1994

Recent biologic studies on suicide.

This paper selectively reviews the author's recent studies on suicidal behavior in depression. Data are reviewed from a study of depressed patients who had monoamine metabolites measured in both the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and urine. Depressed patients who had attempted suicide had significantly reduced CSF concentrations of the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA) and significantly lower urinary outputs of HVA than patients who had not attempted suicide. Similarly, patients who went on to reattempt suicide over a 5-year follow-up period had both significantly reduced CSF concentrations of HVA and lower urinary outputs of HVA than patients who did not reattempt. These data suggest a role for diminished central dopaminergic neurotransmission in suicidal behavior in depression. Patients who had made a violent suicide attempt also showed evidence of dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1994

The effect of recombinant cytokines on [14C]-aminopyrine accumulation by isolated canine parietal cells.

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) have been shown to inhibit basal and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric secretion in rats and histamine-stimulated secretion in dogs. IL-1 also reduces the severity of ethanol and stress-induced gastroduodenal damage. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of human recombinant IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha on enzymatically dispersed and enriched (> 90%) parietal cells stimulated with histamine, histamine plus 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IMX) or carbachol (all 10(-5) M). Acid secretion was assessed indirectly by quantitating [14C]-aminopyrine (AP) accumulation. IL-1 alpha (500 and 1000 ng/ml) inhibited histamine-stimulated AP uptake by 53% and 60% respectively, and it inhibited IL-1 alpha (1500 ng/ml) by 69%. IL-1 alpha (500 and 1000 ng/ml) inhibited histamine plus IMX-stimulated AP uptake by 36% and 34%, respectively. IL-1 alpha (500 ng/ml) also inhibited carbachol-stimulated AP accumulation. TNF-alpha (100 and 250 ng/ml) inhibited histamine-stimulated AP accumulation by 38% and 36%, respectively. TNF-alpha also significantly inhibited histamine/IMX- and carbachol-stimulated AP uptake (P < or = .01). Indomethacin did not affect IL-1 alpha-induced inhibition. These results show that IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha inhibit histamine- and carbachol-stimulated isolated parietal cell secretion and that, for IL-1 alpha, this effect does not depend on mucosal prostaglandin synthesis.

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine↗
PubMed1994

Correlation of malaria endemicity with An. culicifacies sibling species composition and malaria antibody profile in district Allahabad (U.P.).

Entomological, parasitological and serological surveys were conducted between October 1989 and November 1990 in 27 villages (population 33,250) belonging to three topographically different areas of district Allahabad, viz. Gangapar, Doaba and Yamunapar. A good correlation existed in all the three areas between malaria incidence vis-a-vis An. culicifacies sibling species composition and malaria antibodies titre in the populations. In Gangapar and Doaba villages, An. culicifacies densities were low and the proportions of vector species A and C were much less than that of species B, the non-vector species. Low endemicity of malaria was supported by low antibody titres observed in the population. In contrast, in Yamunapar villages An. culicifacies densities were high, species A and C together were almost equal to species B, and malaria incidence as well as antibody titre were high. Based on these observations, district Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, could be divided into two zones, low malaria transmission zone--Gangapar and Doaba areas and high malaria transmission zone--Yamunapar area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Experience with the transjugular intrahepatic portocaval shunt].

Liver transplantation and the intrahepatic shunt have changed the management of variceal hemorrhage and refractory ascites. The purpose of this work is to review the results obtained with intrahepatic shunting. From January 1991 to May 1993, 45 patients underwent a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. In 23 patients, liver insufficiency was considered moderate and in 21 severe. Indications for the procedure were: variceal bleeding (23), refractory ascites (19) and portal hypertensive gastritis (3). The portocaval gradient was lowered from 24.2 +/- 5.1 mm Hg to 12.9 +/- 3.9 (-47%). The procedure was effective in 78% of variceal bleeders and in 89% of patients with ascites. Thirty-day mortality was 22%. One-year survival was 39%. Liver failure or severe encephalopathy occurred in 27% of patients. Four patients (9%) presented intra-abdominal bleeding. Four patients developed renal failure. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts are effective in lowering portal pressure and controlling complications of portal hypertension. However, important side effects are present and controlled studies are required to evaluate this new treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Cystic tumors of the pancreas: apropos of 36 cases].

Cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas are rare cystic tumors of pancreas. Clinicopathological features and treatment of these neoplasms have been studied in 36 patients over a 10-year period (1983-1993). There were 19 cystadenomas (CA) either serous (n = 13) or mucinous (n = 6) and 17 cystadenocarcinomas (CAC). Eighteen CA (95%) were found in women. CAC were found equally between both sexes. Median age was 63 years and was the same for CA and CAC. Ultrasound gave correct diagnosis of CA or CAC in 64% and CT-scan in 77%. The majority of CAC (n = 15) were localized in the head of the pancreas. CA had no preferential localization. 24 patients (66%) underwent including resection (n = 20) and biopsy (n = 4). Four other patients had a percutaneous biopsy and 8 were observed. Hospital mortality was 8%. Complications included gastric atony (n = 4) and pancreatic fistula (n = 2). Four-year actuarial survival is 63% for resected CAC and 100% for resected CA. In conclusion, most cystic pancreatic tumors are found in women. Malignant lesions are found predominately in the head of the pancreas. Modern imaging technics combined with clinical presentation are reliable in obtaining a diagnosis. Resection remains the treatment of choice.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Transhepatic portal vein stenting for treatment of ruptured duodenopancreatic varices in a patient with chronic pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND: Portal vein obstruction with secondary variceal bleeding in the setting of chronic pancreatitis has not been recognized as frequently as splenic vein occlusion. This condition can be difficult to diagnose and treat. METHODS: A 54-year old man was referred for massive recurrent endoscopy-negative upper-gastrointestinal bleeding. The diagnosis of duodenopancreatic varices was finally made. Direct portography showed a high-grade stenosis of the proximal portal vein that was dilated and stented with a balloon expandable prosthesis. RESULTS: The gradient across the stenosis fell from 9 to 2 mm Hg. Bleeding stopped. After 7 months of follow-up, the patient has experienced no rebleeding, and a Doppler examination is normal. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with chronic pancreatitis and upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding of unknown origin, obstruction of one of the major splanchnic veins must be excluded. Portal vein dilatation and stenting appears to be a safe procedure with good short-term results.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗
PubMed1994

Prevalence of serum IgG and IgM antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen in Indian patients with respiratory tract carcinomas.

Antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen (EBV-VCA) were measured in sera of Indian patients with respiratory tract carcinomas (lung, larynx, laryngopharynx, nasopharynx) using a commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Nineteen out of thirty-three (19/33) lung cancer, 12/22 laryngeal cancer, 11/16 laryngopharyngeal cancer, 6/9 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cases and 3/29 matched controls were positive for IgG antibody to VCA. None were positive for the IgM antibody to VCA. The antibody positivity was evaluated on the basis of immune status ratio (ISR) of the sera as described in the manual of the kit. Prevalence of the antibody was more pronounced among smokers with laryngeal and laryngopharyngeal carcinoma than among lung cancer cases. The results indicated that the antibody positivity rate among the patients declined with the advanced stages of the diseases. Serum IgG and IgM levels were raised in the patients who were tested positive for the viral antibody.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Hypertrophic osteopathy associated with Mycobacterium fortuitum pneumonia in a dog.

Mycobacterium fortuitum was isolated from the lung of a dog that had new periosteal bone formation consistent with hypertrophic osteopathy. Fever, weight loss, and bilateral hind limb lameness were the initial clinical signs. The tarsi were swollen and a pain response was elicited on palpation of the hind limb. Radiography revealed periosteal new bone formation on the metatarsi, femurs, and ischii. Thoracic radiography revealed pulmonary mass lesions in the right middle and left caudal lung lobes. After right middle and left caudal lung lobectomy, M fortuitum was isolated from the excised tissues. Amoxicillin trihydrate/clavulanic acid and amikacin were administered, on the basis of susceptibility test results.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Genetic and biologic risk factors for suicide in depressive disorders.

Over the last few years data have accumulated suggesting that there may be genetic and biologic risk factors for suicide. This paper reviews studies from clinical populations, twins, the Amish, as well as data from the Iowa-500 and Danish-American adoption studies which suggest that there may be a genetic factor predisposing to suicide. The paper also reviews neurochemical data from cerebrospinal fluid, urine and postmortem studies which suggest that diminished central serotonin and dopamine may be implicated in suicidal behavior.

Adoption↗
PubMed1993

The ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone-stimulation test in type I diabetic patients and controls: suggestion of mild chronic hypercortisolism.

We examined hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function in insulin-dependent diabetic outpatients (N = 22) and age-, sex-, and weight-matched normal controls (N = 22). The evaluation included measurements of 9:00 AM fasting plasma cortisol and cortisol-binding globulin (CBG) levels, 24-hour urinary free cortisol (UFC) excretion, and plasma corticotropin and cortisol responses to intravenously administered ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone ([CRH] 1 microgram/kg given as a bolus at 8:00 PM). Diabetic patients had significantly elevated 9:00 AM plasma cortisol levels (mean +/- SE, 300.7 +/- 99.3 v 237.3 +/- 99.3 nmol/L, P < .04), higher 24-hour UFC excretion (313.2 +/- 112.6 v 244.2 +/- 69.3 nmol/24 h, P < .02), and greater cortisol responses to CRH infusion (time-integrated values: 49,408.2 +/- 11,289.8 v 40,217.9 +/- 7,228.6 nmol/L.120 min, P < .004; peak cortisol values: 529.7 +/- 107.6 v 438.7 +/- 77.3 nmol/L, P < .002) than controls. UFC excretion values were positively correlated with both 5-year averaged hemoglobin A1c level (P = .03) and total number of insulin units administered per day (P = .03). These results suggest that insulin-dependent diabetic outpatients have mild chronic hypercortisolism, which might influence the control of the disease and play a role in the development of its chronic complications.

Adrenocortical Hyperfunction↗
PubMed1993

Features associated with suicide attempts in depression: a partial replication.

Clinical and symptomatic features were examined in relation to suicide attempts in a heterogenous group of depressed patients. Depressed patients who had attempted suicide had had their first episode of affective disorder at a significantly earlier age, had had significantly more episodes of affective disorder, and more of them had bipolar disorder. However, there was only one significant difference for baseline symptoms scores on four affective symptom rating scales. A family history of suicide was associated with a history of a violent suicide attempt.

Adult↗