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Biomedical subjects

A Rougemont

Publications and source records attributed to A Rougemont.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Epidemiology of schistosomiasis in the riverine population of Lagdo Lake, northern Cameroon: mixed infections and ethnic factors.

The distribution of S. mansoni and S. haematobium was evaluated using a cluster sampling technique in 15 fishing villages around Lagdo lake and 2 inland villages in northern Cameroon. The overall prevalence of S. haematobium infection was 26% and of S. mansoni was 15%, while 7% of the population sampled had mixed infections. The highest prevalences were observed in larger villages (greater than 200 persons) where sanitary conditions were poor. The intensity of S. haematobium infection in those also infected with S. mansoni was two to three times greater than in those with S. haematobium alone. Differences in prevalence among ethnic groups was attributed to occupational and cultural habits. The factors leading to the diversity of the distribution of schistosomiasis within a man-made lake are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Epidemiology, anthropology and health education.

Epidemiology gives only a partial picture of a health problem. Without a knowledge of social, cultural, and economic conditions as well, one can fall into farcical errors in designing interventions.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1989

Development of health activities in Switzerland.

A survey in five Swiss cantons has indicated several kinds of difficulty that will have to be overcome if strategies for the prevention of illness and the promotion of health are to be satisfactorily developed and implemented.

Health Promotion↗
PubMed1988

Hypohaptoglobinaemia as an epidemiological and clinical indicator for malaria. Results of two studies in a hyperendemic region in West Africa.

Hypohaptoglobinaemia is a common phenomenon in tropical countries, where it is probably due to malaria-induced haemolysis. Two studies were carried out in a hyperendemic zone of West Africa to test its specificity and usefulness as an epidemiological indicator for measuring malaria endemicity. The first study evaluated the prevalence of hypohaptoglobinaemia before and after courses of antimalarial chemotherapy of varying duration. The second monitored haptoglobin levels in an untreated population during a whole year to compare its seasonal variations with those of several classic indicators of malaria. These studies suggest that in regions where malaria is endemic the prevalence of hypohaptoglobinaemia could be as useful an indicator as the parasitic index but would be much easier to establish and to monitor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Need for professional expertise in institutions and public health services in 4 cantons and Tessin. Hypothesis--objectives--implementation].

This survey consists in a process of "collaborative reflection" between consultants from a university department of public health and health authorities in five cantons. The goal of this effort is to identify, within a common framework, known and suspected health problems, risk factors, preventive measures as well as priority research needs in these areas. This information is used to determine the need for an increased access to public health experts at the level of the cantons and gives some indication as to the characteristics required of such experts. Since participants in the survey are also responsible for promotion and implementation of concrete actions for prevention, it is anticipated that this project will result in a number of initiatives focused on the problem which have been identified. The methodology used was inspired by methods previously described for problem identification and program planning, such as the Delphi technique, but was adapted in an original way to the particular needs of this survey. In the first phase, interviews with persons responsible for key health administrations and institutions in each canton are conducted in order to identify the maximum number of salient facts, problems and unresolved questions. In a second phase results and problem statements are consolidated, fed back to all participants and, through repeated contacts, completed, redefined and ranked in order of importance. Although the survey is still ongoing, it has already led to the identification of a number of health problems, possible risk factors and research priorities which had hitherto not been formally identified, and to one concrete program aimed at improving preventive intervention.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Health Planning↗
PubMed1980

Is the HpO phenomenon in tropical populations really genetic?

Long-term studies of 98 unselected adults from a rural African community in Mali where malaria is endemic showed that the haptoglobin level of the blood increased significantly after 1 year of continuous anti-malarial treatment. This seems to indicate that hypo- or anhaptoglobinaemia in populations like this may in a considerable number of cases have a non-genetic basis.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[An example of the application of factorial analysis of correspondences to infant mortality and its prevention in a rural area of West Africa].

A retrospective study through questionnaire was made among over 800 women of a Pre-Sahel region of Mali. It confirmed the very high infant and child mortality in this population: over 250% mortality under 1 year of age and over 400% under 6 years of age. The factorial analysis of correspondences proved adequate to determine the main characteristics of the local mortality pattern. In chronological order, the most important causes are obstetrical factors (1st day of life), umbilical tetanus (1 week to 1 month of age), malaria (1 month to 1 year of age), pneumopathies (including pertussis and lung complications of measles), toxicoses and nutritional syndromes (over 1 year of age). Preventive measures at various levels are proposed on the basis of these findings. They belong to three broad groups: -Overall socioeconomic development with effective participation of the rural communities concerned. -Development of an appropriate primary health care structure, with a primary health care team in each village. -Strengthening of the programmes of control of the most important communicable diseases. Such simple and cheap actions should, given a clear political will of the national authorities and a modicum of trust in the future on the part of local leaders, be rapidly implementable even in the most underprivileged countries and bring a significant amount of progress in the rural areas.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1978

[Ultrastructural aspects of the degeneration of the dermal microfilaria O. volvulus under the effect of diethylcarbamazine in human onchocerciasis].

Early modifications observed by previous authors are confirmed. More over, some later modifications are described where microfilariae are completely destroyed and removed by phagocytic cells. The theory concerning the mode of action of DEC on microfilariae in vivo is not confirmed (absence of extracellular "coarse particulate material", which is actually the unique morphological finding which leads the previous authors to assess the presence of immune complexes at the surface of microfilariae).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Toxoplasmosis in the Republic of Mali. An epidemiologic approach].

1664- sera from children and adults were collected in rural and urban areas of Mali and were tested in Toxoplasmosis serology. Immunofluorescent antibody tests and direct agglutination test have been used for this purpose. 65 per cent of adults from urban area and 56 to 58 per cent of adults from rural area gave positive results. Before the age sixteen, only 33 to 40 percent of children are positive in urban area while 51 to 53 per cent are so in rural area. The study of hundreds of sera collected from various animals allows to explain the different ages of the serological changes. In rural area children have been infected very early after catching birds, reptiles and above all, rodents and eating them not cooked enough. In urban area the infection occurs all along the life and, particularly, in adults, after consuming grilled meat. The recent description of three cases of congenital toxoplasmosis demonstrates the interest of such an epidemiological study.

Adolescent↗