In favour of Canadian schools of public health.
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Canada↗
Biomedical subjects
A Robertson
Publications and source records attributed to A Robertson.
Immunization against Marek's disease: influence of strain of chickens, maternal antibody, and type of vaccine.
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Abdomen↗
Service models in community-based health: some findings from a literature review.
The findings from a review of the literature on community-based health services in Canada in 1991 indicate that two systems of health care exist side by side: the clinical care of the sick and the supportive care of those seeking to keep well. Organizational models of clinical care have not altered much since the introduction of health insurance. The medical profession has been resistant to changing traditional forms of practice organization from fee-for-service businesses treating individuals in isolation to components of an integrated comprehensive health care system. Traditional public health departments offering supportive and preventive care have been more ready to adapt to change. They are now working closely with provincial continuing-care organizers to provide home care for those who might otherwise need institutional care; however they are not closely linked with the clinical care services. More recently, public health departments have engaged in the health promotion movement to give citizens increased control over the conditions affecting their health. Yet we perceived a conflict between the rhetoric and the reality of their work.
Canada↗
Sexuality. A sensitive question.
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Studies on genetic and vaccination-induced resistance of chickens to lymphoid tumor transplants. 1. Marek's disease tumor transplant (JMV).
Six strains and 4 inbred lines of chickens that differed in susceptibility to Marek's disease (MD) were inoculated in the wing web with JMV when 5 weeks old. Wing web tumors (WWT) developed in all strains and lines inoculated with low-passage JMV (JMV-L) but were largest in Cornell Strain S (highly susceptible to MD). Of 3 strains inoculated with high-passage JMV (JMV-H), only Strain S had appreciable WWT development. Seventy-five percent of the unvaccinated S strain chickens challenged with JMV-L or JMV-H died during the experiments, and approximately half of this mortality occurred during the second week postinoculation. Inbred Line GC ranked next in susceptibility to Strain S and was more susceptible than other lines and strains, including the strain from which it originated. Vaccination with turkey herpesvirus one week before challenge protected against mortality and suppressed WWT development. The effect on WWT development was less, however, in Strains S and NH than in other strains. The transplantability of the tumor was investigated with the use of sex chromosomes as cell markers. Five to 7 days postinoculation of male Strain S chicks with JMV-L or JMV-H, most cells in metaphase from wing web or visceral tumors were of female origin. By 56 days, only male cells were found in visceral tumors. The interpretation was that early lesions were due to tumor transplantation and later lesions were induced by virus.
Animals↗
Studies on genetic and vaccination-induced resistance of chickens to lymphoid tumor transplants 2. Transmissible lymphoid tumor of Olson.
Transmissible lymphoid tumor (TLT) was inoculated in wing webs of five-week-old chickens of 6 strains. About half of the chickens of each strain had been vaccinated with turkey herpesvirus (HVT) one week before challenge in the wing web with TLT. Tumors which developed at the site of inoculation usually reached maximum size within 2 weeks and then regressed. In some chickens, however, tumors developed in visceral organs and caused death in the 2nd through 5th weeks postinoculation. Comparisons among strains of chickens in Expt. 1 revealed no differences in mortality. Vaccination with HVT reduced mortality and also the incidence of wing-web tumors (WWT) in all strains of chickens. A lymphoid leukosis virus and a Marek's disease (MD) virus of low virulence were detected in preparations of TLT, and it is suggested that the immunity induced by vaccination may have been directed against tumor antigens associated with MD virus.
Animals↗
Establishing a noise measurement protocol for neonatal intensive care units.
OBJECTIVES: To compare three noise exposure measurement methods and determine the effect of location within the nursery, time of day, day of week, shift, and activities such as nursing shift change and physicians' rounds on noise measurements. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a noise distribution survey, central site measurements, and quadrant area measurements in our nursery. The measurements made were sound pressure level and hourly LEQ, LMAX, and L10. RESULTS: The noise distribution survey method was least useful because steady-state noise sources were the exception. Differences between central site and quadrant area measurements were minimal. There was no significant effect of time of day, shift change, or physician rounds on the noise measurements. CONCLUSIONS: In an open nursery with excessive noise levels central site measurements over a relatively short time accurately reflect the noise exposure. A protocol for measuring noise exposure in the neonatal intensive care unit is appended.
Female↗
Peak noise distribution in the neonatal intensive care nursery.
OBJECTIVE: To measure short duration sounds (L(PEAK)) in the neonatal intensive care unit and describe their intensity, incidence, and periodicity in relationship to activities within the unit. STUDY DESIGN: We measured 1-minute L(PEAK) at four locations within the intensive care unit, accumulating 48 hours of data for each weekday. RESULTS: Thirty-one percent of the L(PEAK) exceeded 90 dB. For further analysis, the data were transformed to the proportion exceeding 90 dB. These values varied significantly with day, week, location, and time of day. During physician rounds, there was a 16% relative increase in L(PEAK). CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate the intensity, incidence, and periodicity of short duration sounds in the intensive care nursery. Short duration sounds are known to affect the infant's physiological and behavioral states and should be addressed in future recommendations for sound control and reduction strategies.
Health Facility Environment↗