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Biomedical subjects

A Qayyum

Publications and source records attributed to A Qayyum.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

How we do it: The role of trans-nasal flexible laryngo-oesophagoscopy (TNFLO) in ENT: one year's experience in a head and neck orientated practice in the UK.

KEYPOINTS: Transnasal flexible laryngo-oesophagoscopy (TNFLO) is a safe and well-tolerated procedure that may be performed in a procedure room in the outpatient or day-case/main theatre setting. It requires a local anaesthetic and no sedation. It may be used to histologically diagnose or exclude pathology from the nose to the gastro-oesophageal junction. It provides a "one stop" diagnosis service, reducing diagnostic delays, the need for endoscopy under general anaesthesia, barium swallows and follow-up outpatient appointments. Therapeutic procedures such as vocal cord medialization, endolaryngeal laser surgery, insertion of speech prostheses and foreign body removal may be performed without general anaesthesia.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed2005

Direct phonoplasty under local anaesthetic.

OBJECTIVE: A new technique of direct phonoplasty under local anaesthetic is described. BACKGROUND: Vocal-fold medialization is an accepted method to improve voice in patients with a paralysed vocal fold. Various materials have been used to inject into the paralysed vocal fold, resulting in medialization of the fold and improved phonation. The two established methods are direct injection under general anaesthetic and transcutaneous injection under local anaesthetic; both have advantages and disadvantages. METHOD: A Pentax 80K series flexible endoscope is used to directly inject collagen into the paralysed vocal fold via a reusable 23G endoscopic needle under local anaesthetic. CONCLUSION: New technology and innovation have allowed development of the new technique of direct phonoplasty under local anaesthetic. This combines the advantages of transcutaneous injection under local anaesthetic and direct injection under general anaesthetic, without their disadvantages.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed2005

Laser arytenoidectomy for bilateral vocal fold palsy in Parkinson's disease.

We report a case of laser arytenoidectomy for bilateral abductor palsy of the vocal fold in a patient with Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is known to be a rare cause for bilateral vocal fold palsy and this is the second case reported in the English literature. Majority of the reports to date are in the non-English literature. Tracheostomy has been the classic treatment option offered to these patients. To date no report has been found in the literature about a laser arytenoidectomy being performed in a patient suffering from bilateral vocal fold palsy in Parkinson's disease. We have suggested this option as it improves the quality of life of the individual and avoids the difficulty faced by a Parkinson's patient in managing tracheostomy care due to bradykinesia, rigidity and tremor.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Lemierre's syndrome: the link between a simple sore throat, sore neck and pleuritic chest pain.

An unusual case of tonsillitis which showed progression to this rare syndrome despite treatment with intravenous antibiotics. Lemierre's syndrome is a rare condition characterised by a triad of: sepsis, thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein along with pleuropulmonary and/or distant metastatic abscesses. Diagnosis rests on a high index of suspicion and is confirmed by culture of Fusobacterium spp. from blood or infected sites. Radiological investigations are established aids for confirmation of diagnosis. Treatment is with appropriate antibiotics for at least 6 weeks and surgical drainage of abscesses if required. This case has been presented to highlight the mode of presentation, diagnostic tools employed and the management of the complications that featured in this condition.

Abscess↗
PubMed2004

Pyelonephritis mimicking colitis on CT: case report.

We report a patient with acute pyelonephritis in whom the dominant computed tomographic findings were ascending colon and cecal wall thickening and pericolonic fat stranding, likely related to contiguous inflammation from the right kidney. To our knowledge, this is the first report of acute pyelonephritis affecting the right colon mimicking colitis on computed tomography.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Peritoneal coccidioidomycosis: a potential CT mimic of peritoneal malignancy.

Peritoneal involvement is a rare extrapulmonary manifestation of coccidioidomycosis. We report a patient with meningeal coccidioidomycosis who was found to have multiple, globular, peripherally enhancing deposits in the peritoneal cavity at abdominal computed tomography, raising the consideration of peritoneal malignancy. Aspiration biopsy demonstrated peritoneal coccidioidomycosis. The particular computed tomographic findings of peritoneal coccidioidomycosis seen in this patient have not been previously described.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Face value?

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed2001

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: prenatal evaluation with MR lung volumetry--preliminary experience.

PURPOSE: To determine the interobserver variability of prenatal magnetic resonance (MR) lung volumetry and to assess the value of MR lung volumetric findings as predictors of outcome in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prenatal MR imaging was performed in 26 fetuses with unilateral congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Two independent observers performed planimetric measurement of lung volume. Relative lung volume was calculated as the observed total lung volume expressed as a percentage of the total lung volume predicted from fetal size. Relative lung volume was correlated with the ultrasonographic lung-head ratio in left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernias evaluated before 27 weeks gestation (n = 21) and with pregnancy outcome in all cases of isolated left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia without prenatal intervention (n = 11). RESULTS: Observers demonstrated excellent agreement in total lung volume measurements at MR imaging, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.95. Relative lung volume was positively correlated with lung-head ratio (r = 0.78, P <.001). By using rank order analysis in the pregnancy outcome group, relative lung volume was predictive of prognosis (P <.05) when adjusted for gestational age at delivery and birth weight. Three of four fetuses with a relative lung volume of less than 40% died. CONCLUSION: Interobserver agreement is high at MR lung volumetry, and its findings are predictive of outcome in fetuses with isolated left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Female↗
PubMed2001

Focal fatty infiltration of the liver: analysis of prevalence and CT findings in children and young adults.

OBJECTIVE: Focal fatty infiltration of the liver, a benign entity that can be confused with a malignant lesion, is well characterized in adults but not in children. The goal of this study was to determine by CT the prevalence and characteristics of focal fatty infiltration in children and young adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 305 consecutive contrast-enhanced abdominal CT examinations of 218 children and young adults with no known liver disease, performed during 2 years at our institution, to identify focal fatty infiltration of the liver. The imaging criterion for focal fatty infiltration of the liver on helical CT was a geometric or ovoid low-attenuation area adjacent to the falciform ligament, gallbladder fossa, or porta hepatis. If a patient's findings met the CT criterion for focal fatty infiltration of the liver, all previous abdominal CT and MR imaging examinations performed for that patient were reviewed to assess the evolution of focal fatty infiltration of the liver. RESULTS: Of 218 children and young adults, 20 (9.2%) met the CT criterion for focal fatty infiltration of the liver. In our population, focal fatty infiltration of the liver was identified only adjacent to the falciform ligament. The prevalence of focal fatty infiltration of the liver increased significantly with advancing age: 0% for ages 1 month-4 years; 7.3% for 5-9 years; 10.2% for 10-14 years, and 25.6% for 15-19 years (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Focal fatty infiltration of the liver was identified in 9.2% of patients in our population, and occurrence of this lesion in children increases significantly with advancing age. However, focal fatty infiltration of the liver is uncommon in infants and young children and should be a diagnosis of exclusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Symptomatic brachial plexopathy following treatment for breast cancer: utility of MR imaging with surface-coil techniques.

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical utility and diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in patients with symptomatic brachial plexopathy following treatment for breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty patients with symptoms of brachial plexopathy (principally pain, weakness, and paresthesia) who had received treatment for breast cancer, which included surgery, radiation therapy, and cytotoxic chemotherapy, underwent MR imaging at 1.5 T. MR imaging was performed by using a body coil, which was supplemented with surface-coil imaging of the cervical spine and shoulder-coil imaging of the brachial plexus. At review, two observers attempted to discriminate between tumor recurrence and nonmalignant causes of symptoms. The diagnosis was verified with histologic analysis or a follow-up of at least 12 months. RESULTS: Of 27 patients demonstrated to have tumor recurrence, 26 were correctly identified by using MR imaging; the recurrence was directly related to the brachial plexus in 17. During the follow-up, 21 patients remained free of recurrence, 20 of whom were determined to have a nonmalignant cause of symptoms. Two of the 50 patients were excluded from the analysis. The MR criteria used for detection of tumor yielded a sensitivity of 96%, specificity of 95%, positive predictive value of 96%, and negative predictive value of 95%. CONCLUSION: MR imaging is reliable and accurate in the diagnosis of symptomatic brachial plexopathy following breast cancer therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Snake bite experience at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences.

We reviewed 40 cases of snake bite seen from January, 1996 to December, 1996. Most of the cases survived uneventfully but many developed complications which were either haematologic, (23 patients) or neurological (5 patients). Appropriate treatment was offered in every case. Polyvalent antisnake venom was administered to 30 patients (75%). Premedication used was steroids and antihistamines to prevent anaphylactic reactions. Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranxemic acid) was given to every bleeding patient. The species of offending snake could be recognized in one patient while in all others, it was not possible due to night time incidence and poor description by the patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Sero-diagnosis for viral hepatitis in 93 patients admitted with acute hepatitis in three different teaching hospitals in Lahore.

Serodiagnosis was done in 93 patients admitted with acute viral hepatitis (AVH) to three teaching hospitals in Lahore. Five (5.4%) had hepatitis A, 39 (41.9%) hepatitis B (2 of these were anti delta positive) [see erratum notice], 44 (47.3%) probable hepatitis E and 3(3.2%) had HAV/HBV co-infection. Antibody to hepatitis C (anti HCV) was detected in 6 patients (6.4%); 2 with HBV and 4 with probable HEV infection. Excluding 39 patients with hepatitis B and 3 with HBV as part of co-infection, there was evidence of previous HBV infection in 39 out of the remaining 51 patients. In the subset of 6 children, 3 had hepatitis A and 3 hepatitis E. Of these, 5 had evidence of previous exposure to HBV and one was also positive for anti HCV. Our results are suggestive of a strong background of HBV infection raising concern about its chronic sequelae in the community.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Association of renal agenesis and mullerian duct anomalies.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to determine the association of renal agenesis with the different types of mullerian duct anomalies (MDAs). METHOD: A 5 year retrospective review of MR records identified 57 patients with MDAs. Associated renal anomalies were correlated with the various types of MDAs. RESULTS: Renal agenesis was found in 17 (29.8%) of 57 patients. No other renal anomalies were identified. Renal agenesis was more frequent in patients with uterus didelphys (13/16 cases). Renal agenesis was also seen in patients with uterine agenesis (2/5 cases) and unicornuate uterus (2/7 cases). All 11 cases of obstructed uterus didelphys were associated with renal agenesis ipsilateral to the side of the obstructing transverse hemivaginal septum. CONCLUSION: Renal agenesis is more commonly seen in uterus didelphys than in other types of MDAs. Renal agenesis in patients with uterus didelphys is often ipsilateral to an obstructing, transverse, hemivaginal septum.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MRI of vaginal leiomyomas.

The MR appearances of two cases of vaginal leiomyoma are described. Both patients presented with a periurethral mass; one patient presented during pregnancy. MRI allowed precise anatomic localization of the masses and confident preoperative characterization in both cases.

Adult↗