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Biomedical subjects

A Prasad

Publications and source records attributed to A Prasad.

189 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Can dietary macronutrient preference profile serve as a predictor of voluntary alcohol consumption?

A diet rich in protein has been shown to increase voluntary alcohol consumption (VAC) in a variety of animal species. Macronutrient preference (MP) profile varies widely among different outbred rats of the same strain. Using outbred Sprague-Dawley rats and two inbred selected strains of rats (P and NP) that are known for large differences in alcohol preference, we have examined whether 1) there is a relationship between MP profile and VAC and 2) MP profile can be a predictor of VAC. Results of these studies show 1) wide animal-to-animal variations in both the MP and VC and 2) the presence of an association between MP profile and VAC in P and NP but not Sprague-Dawley rats. Therefore, we conclude that MP profile may not serve as a reliable predictor of VAC in a nonselected population.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A relationship between increased voluntary alcohol preference and basal hypercorticosteronemia associated with an attenuated rise in corticosterone output during stress.

Some of the multiple biological effects of stress include activation of a variety of neuroendocrine systems, resulting in enhanced secretion of many hormones, including corticosterone, as well as facilitation of drug-seeking behavior. Therefore, we have examined the potential relationship between voluntary alcohol consumption (VAC) and corticosterone output profile using: (1) selectively bred alcohol-preferring (P) and nonpreferring (NP) rats; and (2) outbred male Holtzman Sprague-Dawley rats selected for (a) low basal corticosterone (< 2 micrograms/mg Cr) and high stimulation (> 250%) (L-H rats), and (b) high basal corticosterone (> 4 micrograms/mg Cr) and low stimulation of corticosterone output on 24-hour fasting stress (< 125%) (H-L rats). The results of this study show: (a) the corticosterone output profiles of P and NP rats were similar to those of H-L and L-H rats, respectively; and (b) the H-L rats exhibited significantly higher VAC than the L-H rats. In conclusion, these data suggest that basal hypercorticosteronemia associated with attenuated rise in corticosterone output during stress may be associated with increased VAC.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis.

Heparin remains the most commonly used parenteral medication in hospitalized patients. Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and heparin induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis syndrome or the white clot syndrome are important complications of heparin use. This article provides an in-depth review of the etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management options in patients with HIT. Clinical problems associated with HIT such as antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and venous gangrene are described. The management options of HIT patients during cardiac interventional procedures and coronary surgery as well as recent advances in therapeutic options are summarized.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

US of the ankle: technique, anatomy, and diagnosis of pathologic conditions.

For specific indications, ultrasound (US) is an efficient and inexpensive alternative to magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for evaluation of the ankle. In addition to the tendons and tendon sheaths, other ankle structures demonstrated with US include the anterior joint space, retrocalcaneal bursa, ligaments, and plantar fascia. Ankle US allows detection of tenosynovitis and tendinitis, as well as partial and complete tendon tears. Joint effusions, intraarticular bodies, ganglion cysts, ligamentous tears, and plantar fasciitis can also be diagnosed. As pressure for cost containment continues, demand for US of the ankle may increase given its lower cost compared with that of MR imaging. In most cases, a focused ankle US examination can be performed more rapidly and efficiently than MR imaging. Familiarity with the technique of ankle US, normal US anatomy, and the US appearances of pathologic conditions will establish the role of US as an effective method of imaging the ankle.

Ankle Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sclerosing hemangioma of the lung.

An extremely rare case of sclerosing hemangioma lung is described in a patient who presented as right sided pleural effusion with recurrence.

Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dense titanium castings: the promise fulfilled.

The realization that titanium and its alloys possess qualities that would permit the use of a single alloy system for all restorative rehabilitation led a major manufacturer to embark on an extensive Research and Development project to make it feasible.

Dental Alloys↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevention of infective endocarditis: enthusiasm tempered by realism.

Infective endocarditis is a cause of substantial morbidity and mortality, and antibiotic prophylaxis may be appropriate in some circumstances. This article examines current British recommendations on prophylaxis, circumstances in which it may be beneficial and evidence for its efficacy.

Antibiotic Prophylaxis↗