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Biomedical subjects

A Pradalier

Publications and source records attributed to A Pradalier.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Hepatic porphyria: diagnostic and therapeutic strategies].

Acute hepatic porphyrias are genetic diseases of heme synthesis with severe prognosis due to strong or acute abdominal pain and neurological complications. Clinical evolution is characterized by acute attacks frequently induced by either forbidden drugs, or infections, alcohol intake or often unknown factors. Modern treatment is perfusion of hematin, which is a stable form of heme. Hematin will induce again delta-aminolévulinic (ALA)-synthase synthesis repression. Its tolerance is perfect whereas clinical and biochemical efficiency is absolute in our experience, if initiated very early. This drug is now considered as the treatment of acute intermittent porphyria crises.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

[Asthma: an inflammatory disease].

Asthma is a bronchial disease, which is often allergic. Progress in the knowledge of its physiopathology allowed the demonstration of the local bronchial inflammatory process. The arguments supporting this new approach are experimental, clinical and therapeutical. This new approach is confirmed by the real therapeutical revolution, bronchial anti-inflammatory treatment based on inhaled corticosteroids. Furthermore, this approach was clearly synthetized by a new definition of asthma, which resulted from a recent international consensus.

Asthma↗
PubMed1994

Immunocyte enumeration in duodenal biopsies of migraine without aura patients with or without food-induced migraine.

The possibility of an IgE-mediated allergic mechanism in food-induced migraine remains controversial. Twenty consecutive migraine patients, 11 with food-induced migraine, 9 without, were investigated for determination and counting of immunocyte populations (IgA, IgM, IgE, IgG containing cells) by biopsies at duodenum 2 level. Conventional histology and plasmocyte populations were not significantly different between the two groups of migraine patients. This study does not support the existence of an IgE-mediated allergic mechanism in food-induced migraine.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Unilateral isolated purpura disclosing scurvy].

We report a case of scurvy. This case is interesting by the unilateral character of the ecchymotic leg's purpura. Ascorbic acid assays do not yet enable subclinical vitamin C deficiency to be reliably detected. Hence the importance of knowing the situation which expose to this deficiency.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1993

Late-phase reaction in asthma: basic mechanisms.

Allergens are recognized by mast cells and sensitized T cells. In the early-phase reaction, mast cells produce mediators that cause changes in the airways. The mediators also induce chemotactic recruitment and activation of eosinophils and neutrophils during the late-phase reaction (LPR). The numbers of eosinophils and neutrophils are increased 4 h after challenge with allergen in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BAL) of asthmatics who show an LPR. This is associated with an increased sensitivity to methacholine or histamine. The increase in the levels of eosinophils and their cationic proteins in the BAL is related to the magnitude of the LPR. The cationic proteins are toxic to human epithelium. Basophils, macrophages and lymphocytes are also involved in the inflammatory reaction. Some authors believe that basophils are more important than mast cells in the LPR to antigen. T lymphocytes release lymphokines, such as interleukin 5, which enhances the degranulation of eosinophils. All of the inflammatory cells release a range of mediators, in particular leukotrienes and platelet activating factor.

Asthma↗
PubMed1992

Platelet size and volume distribution measured by automated platelet analyzer.

Thirty migraine without aura patients between attacks, 10 other during a migraine without aura attack and 30 normal subjects without headache were studied for platelet size and volume distribution using a new quantitative automated hematology analyzer (Coulter STKS). Platelet histograms, platelet counts and mean platelet volume were not significantly different in the three populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Migraine and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents].

Controlled studies of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the management of migraine attacks or for the prophylactic long-term treatment of migraine are reviewed herein. A large number of NSAIDs have been tested against a placebo or reference drug, including aspirin, indomethacin, mefenamic acid, tolfenamic acid, flufenamic acid, ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, fenoprofen, naproxen and sodium naproxen, diclofenac and lornoxicam. For the treatment of acute attacks, published studies found that the NSAIDs were significantly more effective than the placebo and at least as effective as the reference drugs. Adverse effects were absent or mild in this indication. Studies of NSAIDs as prophylactic treatment of migraine attacks are less numerous but also point to the value of this approach. However, long-term use of NSAIDs is associated with side-effects, mainly involving the gastrointestinal tract.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1991

Reduced responsiveness of adenylate cyclase in alveolar macrophages from patients with asthma.

Alveolar macrophages from patients with asthma accumulated less cyclic adenosine monophosphate when these macrophages were exposed to isobutyl methylxanthine, salbutamol, or prostaglandin E2, compared to cells from control subjects without asthma, and the degree of the hyporesponsiveness was related to the severity of asthma. In addition, a significantly lower adenylate cyclase activity was observed in crude membrane fractions of macrophages from the group with asthma in the presence of salbutamol and prostaglandin E2. The refractoriness observed in patients with asthma is thus not accounted for by a specific beta-adrenergic desensitization at the adenylate cyclase receptor level but should rather be explained by a cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent postreceptor mechanism.

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine↗
PubMed1990

[Plasma releasing factors in common migraine].

Many platelet abnormalities have been described in migraine, but they are now regarded as secondary phenomena rather than primary causative factors. In this study, we attempted to assess the presence of bioamine-releasing factors in the plasma of patients with common, non-dietary migraine. Blood samples were collected from 17 such patients, either during attacks (n = 9) or during attack-free periods (n = 8). Ten healthy volunteers served as controls. Release experiments were performed by adding 1 volume as controls. Release experiments were performed by adding 1 volume of migraineur's platelet-poor plasma to 1 volume of either control's whole blood (histamine release) or isolated platelets (catecholamines or serotonin release). Endogenous unconjugated bioamines were measured in whole blood and in isolated platelets from migraineurs' blood collected during and between attacks. We also measured plasma levels of histamine and of unconjugated and conjugated serotonin and catecholamines, as well as the inhibition of serotonin uptake and labelled serotonin release from controls' platelets in the presence of migraineurs' plasma collected during or between attacks. The results obtained suggest the presence of two plasma bioamine-releasing factors: a histamine-releasing factor present in migraineurs' blood during and between attacks, and a catecholamine and serotonin releasing factor present only during attacks in migraineurs' platelet-poor plasma. The latter factor is thermolabile and dialysable, with an apparent molecular weight lower than 16 kd. Gel-filtered fractions of semi-purified catecholamine-serotonin releasing factor induced the same events as the migraineurs' platelet-poor plasma from which they were obtained.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Long-acting propranolol in migraine prophylaxis: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

The efficacy and safety of long-acting propranolol (LA.P), 160 mg once-daily, in the prophylactic treatment of migraine have been tested against placebo in a multicentric, double-blind, randomized study. The two groups are compared in a parallel manner over a treatment period of 12 weeks, following a 4-week placebo run-in period. Fifty-five of the 74 patients who entered the trial were included at the end of the run-in period. Forty-one patients completed the study. None of the 14 patients who withdrew from the study did so because of side effects. The statistical analysis was done according to the "intention to treat" principle. LA.P was significantly more effective than placebo in reducing the frequency of migraine attacks (p = 0.01 by variance analysis). LA.P reduced the average number of monthly crises by 48% on day 84. There was a slight but significant reduction of the systolic blood pressure and heart rate in the erect position, but there was no significant difference between LA.P and placebo regarding either the number of complaints or the number of side effects elicited out of a 17-item questionnaire. None of the observed side effects led to a withdrawal from treatment.

Adult↗