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Biomedical subjects

A Pesce

Publications and source records attributed to A Pesce.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Dactimicin, a new aminoglycoside: in vitro activity, post-antibiotic effect and interaction with other antibiotics.

The in vitro activity of the new aminoglycoside dactimicin in comparison to amikacin was tested alone and in combination with piperacillin, mezlocillin and ceftazidime against freshly isolated clinical pathogens. Dactimicin was more active than amikacin against Enterobacter cloacae, Providencia rettgeri and Salmonella spp., and less active than amikacin against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter anitratus. Using the checkerboard technique, the combination of either dactimicin or amikacin with the other drugs was shown to result in synergistic interaction against most of the 23 strains tested. Dactimicin-ceftazidime and amikacin-ceftazidime were the most effective combinations, demonstrating synergism against 91% and 95% of the isolates respectively. Antagonism was not encountered. Using the time-kill method, synergism was seen in most cases, indifference rarely being seen; antagonism was not observed. Dactimicin induced a post-antibiotic effect which ranged from 1 h for Enterobacter cloacae to 2.4 h for Escherichia coli. An average post-antibiotic effect of 0.6 h was also seen when dactimicin was combined with piperacillin, mezlocillin and ceftazidime. The findings indicate that dactimicin compares favorably in vitro with amikacin and suggest that clinical trials with this drug alone or in combination are warranted.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1989

Antibacterial activity of the sulbactam-ampicillin combination.

The in vitro antibacterial activity of ampicillin combined with sulbactam 2:1 was evaluated on 257 aerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and on 174 anaerobic bacteria from isolated hospital strains by evaluating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results obtained show a synergic effect which was able to significantly decrease the MIC90 of the tested beta-lactamase producing bacteria. Among the Gram-positive aerobic strains, we underline the efficacy of sulbactam/ampicillin on resistant Staphylococci, including those methicillin-resistant. The activity on the Gram-negative strains was particularly evident against enterobacteria and haemophilus. The combination of sulbactam and ampicillin provides increased activity against anaerobic strains, including Bacteroides fragilis.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1989

[Circulating anticoagulants in immunodeficiency virus infection. Results of a prospective study of 157 seropositive patients].

One hundred and fifty-seven HIV seropositive patients were included in a prospective study of coagulation parameters. Activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, thrombin time and specific factor assays of the intrinsic pathway were performed using standard techniques. The tissue thromboplastin inhibition test and antiphospholipid antibodies were used to establish the presence of circulating lupus anticoagulant. Among the 46 patients with a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, an anti-prothrombinase was present in 33. Of the 111 patients with a normal activated partial thromboplastin time, anti-prothrombinase was present in 51. Circulating lupus anticoagulant seems to be common in HIV seropositive patients, since it was found in 84 patients (53.5%). Our findings confirm that the presence of circulating anticoagulants is not particularly associated with opportunistic infections or the development of the disease. It is possible that these inhibitors could be mediated by anti-phospholipid antibodies. In HIV seropositive patients, defective T cell regulation of B cells leads to polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. These antibodies may be directed against endogenous or exogenous phospholipids.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Antibacterial activity in vitro of tigemonam, a new oral monobactam.

Using a broth microdilution method, the antibacterial activity of tigemonam, a novel oral monobactam, was evaluated against 217 gram-negative aerobes freshly isolated from clinical specimens. Reference antibiotics were amoxicillin, amoxicillin-sulbactam, cephalexin, cefaclor, norfloxacin, and co-trimoxazole. At a concentration of less than or equal to 8 mg/L, tigemonam inhibited 88% of the members of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Its activity was poor against the nonfermenter pathogens. In comparison with the other drugs, tigemonam generally exhibited superior antibacterial activity (with the exception of norfloxacin, which showed similar potency against the strains tested). Minimum bactericidal concentrations and time-kill determinations indicated that tigemonam showed remarkable bactericidal activity, with a 9% reduction in colony-forming units after 2 h at a dose corresponding to fourfold its minimum inhibitory concentration. When tigemonam was used in combination with netilmicin and amikacin against susceptible representative isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens and Escherichia coli, a synergistic effect was obtained.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1988

Occult AIDS.

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

MicroELISA detection of thymosin alpha 1 released in thymic organ cultures.

Using a polyclonal specific rabbit anti-thymosin alpha 1 a highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed to measure thymosin alpha 1. Production of thymosin alpha 1 was detected in both thymic organ cultures and in mouse serum. The method is rapid (5 h), reproducible and easy to perform.

Animals↗