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Biomedical subjects

A Peacock

Publications and source records attributed to A Peacock.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The development of abused children.

Thirty-nine children were reviewed who had suffered child abuse at an average of 5 1/2 years earlier. In comparison with a group matched for socio-economic status, the abused children performed significantly lower on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale, and were more delayed in language development and reading ability. Their teachers' assessments of behaviour showed significantly more abnormal profiles than in the comparison group. These differences could not be accounted for by the small proportion of known head-injuries in the abused group. Child abuse has long-term effects, so it is necessary that these children are thoroughly assessed at first presentation, and that they are followed with a specific programme aimed at preventing these sequelae.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Temperature corrections in routine spirometry.

Forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured in nine normal subjects with three Vitalograph and three rolling seal spirometers at three different ambient temperatures (4 degrees C, 22 degrees C, 32 degrees C). When the results obtained with the rolling seal spirometer were converted to BTPS the agreement between measurements in the three environments improved, but when the Vitalograph measurements obtained in the hot and cold rooms were converted an error of up to 13% was introduced. The error was similar whether ambient or spirometer temperatures were used to make the conversion. In an attempt to explain the behaviour of the Vitalograph spirometers the compliance of their bellows was measured at the three temperatures. It was higher at the higher temperature (32 degrees C) and lower at the lower temperature (4 degrees C) than at the normal room temperature. These changes in instrument compliance could account for the differences in measured values between the two types of spirometer. It is concluded that the ATPS-BTPS conversion is valid and necessary for measurements made with rolling seal spirometers, but can cause substantial error if it is used for Vitalograph measurements made under conditions other than normal room temperature.

Forced Expiratory Volume↗
PubMed1983

Response of pulmonary circulation to oral pirbuterol in chronic airflow obstruction.

The effects of the oral beta agonist pirbuterol on pulmonary haemodynamics and gas exchange were studied in nine patients with severe irreversible airflow obstruction and moderate arterial hypoxaemia. After administration of 15 mg pirbuterol pulmonary vascular resistance fell by 19% but cardiac output rose by 24%, so that pulmonary arterial pressure showed no significant change. Systemic arterial oxygen pressure fell by 7%, limiting the rise in oxygen delivery to 21%. All changes were significant at the 2% level. These results show that pirbuterol dilates the pulmonary bed at the cost of a slight worsening of gas exchange, which is compensated by an independent rise in blood flow.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1982

Direct recordings of the temperatures in the tracheobronchial tree in normal man.

In an effect to determine how far inspired air could penetrate into the respiratory tract before being brought to body conditions, we measured the temperature in the airways of the anterior basilar segment of the right lower lobe in five normal subjects while they breathed air at subfreezing and ambient conditions. During quiet breathing, most of the heating of the incoming gas took place in the upper airways as expected. However, as the thermal burden was increased by rapid inspirations, frigid air, and hyperventilation, the temperature of the distal airways progressively fell and the point at which the incoming air reached body conditions moved deep into the periphery of the lung. These findings demonstrate that heat and water transfer is not localized to one region, but rather is a continuous process that begins the moment the air enters the body and involves as much of the respiratory tract as necessary to complete the task.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

One of the team.

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Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Optical measurement of the change in trunk volume with breathing.

Optical mapping provides three-dimensional information about the size and shape of the trunk. We have used the technique to measure and partition the volume change of the trunk with breathing in upright subjects. In 13 subjects, 12 of whom were normal and one scoliotic, respired volume could be measured with an average error (+/- SEM) of 170 +/- 20 ml. In one of the normal subjects, 24 measurements of respired volume were in error by, on average, 120 +/- 20 ml. In a further eight normal subjects, partitioning of ventilation showed that the anterior trunk contributed 91 +/- 12%, the back 9 +/- 12%, the upper trunk 43 +/- 4%, the lower trunk 57 +/- 4% and the right and left sides 50 +/- 2% each, to a vital capacity expiration. The measurements of respired volume suggest that the technique is sufficiently accurate for clinical purposes, but it offers the added advantage that the information generated can be used to determine the spatial distribution of each breath.

Adult↗