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Biomedical subjects

A Pandey

Publications and source records attributed to A Pandey.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

An exploratory evaluation of ECT in haloperidol-treated DSM-IIIR schizophreniform disorder.

In a double-blind, prospective study, 30 consecutive treatment-naive adult men with first-onset psychosis and DSM-IIIR provisional schizophreniform disorder (without good prognostic features) were randomized into true electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and sham ECT groups. Both groups received haloperidol in a fixed dose of 15 mg at night. The ECT schedule comprised six bilateral, sinusoidal wave treatments administered on alternate days, thrice a week. Weekly ratings for the first 6 weeks showed an absence of significant difference between the groups in the number of patients responding and in the rate of attenuation of psychosis; severity of depression, while less in the true ECT group after the first 3 weeks, did not differ between the groups at any subsequent time point. Clinical ratings were repeated at 6 months, and social functioning was assessed; again, no group differences emerged. It is concluded that ECT does not meaningfully improve response in unselected schizophreniform disorder that is treated with an adequate dose of neuroleptic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Restricted immunoglobulin junctional diversity in neonatal B cells results from developmental selection rather than homology-based V(D)J joining.

The mechanism by which coding ends are joined during immunoglobulin (Ig) recombination is poorly understood. Recently, short sequence similarities (2-6 bp) observed at the ends of certain variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) gene segments of Ig have been correlated with limited junctional diversity observed in coding exons assembled from these elements. However, it is unclear whether these sequence homologies play any direct role in favoring coding joint formation by influencing the V(D)J recombination process. In this report, we demonstrate that coding sequence similarities do not influence the position of coding joints during V(D)J recombination in vivo. Instead, during embryonic development, B cells with certain joining products undergo progressive selection. Developmental selection is completed before exposure to external antigens and appears to be determined by the amino acid sequence encoded by the coding joint. We conclude that the nucleotide sequences of the coding regions do not play a major role in directing V(D)J recombination. Instead, we propose that limited Ig junctional diversity results from prenatal developmental selection of B cells based on the protein sequence of their surface Ig antigen-binding site. Sequence identities at the ends of coding segments may have evolved because they increase the likelihood that a selectable antigen-binding site is created during a random recombination process.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Estimation of parity progression ratios from the truncated distribution of closed and open birth intervals.

A procedure to estimate parity progression ratios in a population from the truncated distribution of open and closed birth intervals is presented. The approach is quite simple in computation and data needs. It does not require any separate data on age at last birth to the women of completed fertility as in earlier methods. The procedure is illustrated with an observed set of data.

Biometry↗
PubMed1990

Effect of UDP-glucuronyltransferase induction on zearalenone metabolism.

Experiments were conducted to determine the UDP-glucuronyltransferase (UDP-GT) isoenzyme which catalyzes zearalenone (Z) conjugation, and the effect of increased enzyme activity on Z metabolism. In competitive enzyme assays, the activity of rat liver UDP-GT towards Z was inhibited by 1-naphthol (NA), a GT1 substrate, and 4-hydroxybiphenyl (HB), a GT2 substrate. When enzyme activity was induced with either 3-methylcholanthrene (MC), a GT1 inducer, or phenobarbital (PB), a GT2 inducer, increased UDP-GT activity towards Z, NA and HB was observed. UDP-GT induction by PB increased urinary excretion of conjugated alpha-zearalenol. These results indicate that UDP-GT isoenzymes have overlapping substrate specificities, and that Z detoxification may be enhanced by UDP-GT enzyme induction, resulting in increased urinary excretion of conjugated alpha-zearalenol.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Pathogenic fungi in soils of Jabalpur, India.

Results of a preliminary survey of pathogenic fungi in soils collected from forest, riverside and residential garbage soil in Jabalpur, India, are reported. A total of 45 soils samples were examined, of which 39 (87%) were positive for fungi, 66 species of fungi classified in 35 genera were isolated: Chrysosporium (78%), Fusarium (69%), Aspergillus (47%), Microsporum (38%), Gliocladium (16%), Acremonium (11%), Penicillium (11%), Humicola (9%), Scopulariopsis (7%), Paecilomyces (7%), Cladosporium (7%); Chaetomium, Colletotrichum, Cunninghamella, Microascus and Rhizopus (4% each); Absidia, Aphanocladium, Arthrobotrys, Botryotrichum, Candida, Cephaliophora, Cephalosporium, Curvularia, Histoplasma, Mucor, Shanorella, Syncephalastrum, Thermomyces, Trichophyton, Trichothecium and Verticillium (2% each); mycelia sterilia (6%). Acremonium persicinum, Cladosporium trichoides and Shanorella spirotricha are new to India. A new species of Humicola has also been isolated.

Fungi↗
PubMed1990

Application of a stochastic model to ascertain the truncation bias and systematic component of variation in closed birth interval.

"In this paper an attempt is made to estimate the truncation bias in the mean length of closed birth interval caused by the termination of observations after [a] certain time, through the application of a stochastic model based on certain simplified assumptions. The approach is further evolved to determine the relative contributions of...chance and systematic components to the variance of closed birth interval when the fecundability parameter follows a priori distribution. Some numerical results have also been presented for the purpose of illustration."

Bias↗
PubMed1990

Relation of salivary phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase to the incidence of dental caries in children.

The phosphorus concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity in saliva may be related to the susceptibility to dental caries and supragingival calculus. Hence, the unstimulated mixed saliva of child patients were assayed by biochemical methods to determine the phosphorus concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity in such salivary samples. It is very interesting to note that higher phosphorus concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity were found in patients with rampant caries as compared to that with non rampant/control group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Distribution of births in an abrupt sequence: a stochastic model.

A probability model for the distribution of number of births in a time segment (T0, T0 + T), where T0 is a distant time point since the start of the process, has been derived. The provision that birth propensities in the process of human reproduction may change over time has been considered. The model is illustrated with a set of observed data.

Birth Intervals↗
PubMed1989

Determinants of breast-feeding and post-partum amenorrhoea in Orissa.

A life table analysis is made of the duration of breast-feeding and post-partum amenorrhoea in Orissa, India, taking one variable at a time using data from a baseline survey of fertility and mortality (BSFM) conducted on the lines of the World Fertility Survey. Then a multivariate (proportional hazard) analysis showed that socioeconomic factors including residence, caste status and education influence the breast-feeding and post-partum amenorrhoea periods. There was no effect of maternal age on the length of breast-feeding, but mean length of post-partum amenorrhoea varied with age. The durations of breast-feeding and post-partum amenorrhoea are strongly related.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1985

Response of the cockroach brain gamma-aminobutyric acid system to isonicotinic acid hydrazide and mercaptopropionic acid.

The presence of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as well as glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and GABA-transaminase (GABA-T) enzymes was demonstrated in the cockroach (Periplaneta americana) brain. Isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) in vivo (2.19 mumol/g) inhibited brain GAD activity, the inhibition lasted for about 2 hours and the normal activity levels reappeared at 4 h after INH administration. Brain GABA levels increased initially but then declined and were restored to normal levels at 4 h after INH administration. GABA-T activity was strongly inhibited by INH and a total 100% inhibition was observed at 2-3 h following INH treatment. The GABA-T activity, however, began to recover after 3 h but only 37% of the total enzyme activity was released from inhibition. Mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) in vivo (32 micrograms/g) inhibited brain GAD activity and depleted GABA level also. Results indicate that INH response of the cockroach brain GABA system is similar to that reported for the chick brain but differs from that of the mammalian brain.

3-Mercaptopropionic Acid↗