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Biomedical subjects

A Onishi

Publications and source records attributed to A Onishi.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Lattice corneal dystrophy type II associated with familial amyloid polyneuropathy type IV.

BACKGROUND: Finnish-type familial amyloidosis (FAP-IV) is an autosomal, dominantly inherited disorder characterized by progressive polyneuropathy and lattice corneal dystrophy type II. The vast majority of families with this disorder originated from Finland. Only two families, in neighboring districts, have been reported in Japan previously. METHODS: The authors report two additional Japanese patients with FAF-IV. The proband, a 70-year-old man, had decreased perspiration and abnormal facial muscle movement. Results of neurologic examination showed bilateral facial and hypoglossal nerve palsies, and an autonomic disturbance, including orthostatic hypotension and dysfunction of perspiration. Histochemical, immunohistological, and DNA studies confirmed the diagnosis of FAP-IV. RESULTS: Results of ophthalmologic examination showed asymptomatic lattice corneal dystrophy of both eyes, but the appearance of the cornea was different from that described in the patients from Finland. Lattice lines in the authors' patient were very fine, short, and glassy and could be observed with indirect retroillumination, but might be missed with direct illumination by the slit-lamp microscope. The proband's younger half-sister, a 68-year-old woman, showed clinical findings and laboratory data similar to those of the proband. CONCLUSION: The authors report two Japanese patients with lattice corneal dystrophy type II related to FAP-IV. This is the third Japanese family with this disorder, and there is no familial relationship to the two previously reported families in Japan.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

SSCP analysis of pig mitochondrial DNA D-loop region polymorphism.

The sequence polymorphism that occurs in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) displacement (D)-loop region is useful as a cytoplasmic DNA marker. We cloned the mtDNA D-loop regions of five breeds of pig by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and determined their sequences. The sequence diversities in D-loop regions among five breeds of pig were located in the starting area of heavy-strand replication. From these sequences, we designed primers for PCR-mediated single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis that amplified the most polymorphic 227 bp fragment of the D-loop region. The results of PCR-SSCP analysis clearly showed that four types of polymorphism (A to D) are found in Landrace (A), Large White (A, B), Duroc (A), Göttingen miniature pig (B) and Meishan (C, D). The same polymorphisms were also detected from each porcine embryo by this method. Our results show that PCR-SSCP analysis is useful in detecting polymorphisms in the D-loop region of pigs and pig embryos.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Production of chimeric pigs and the analysis of chimerism using mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid as a cell marker.

Two injection methods were examined for making chimeras between Chinese pigs (Meishan) and European pigs (Landrace or Landrace x Large White). Furthermore, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphism was detected as a cell marker for the analysis of chimerism. In the first experiment, blastomeres were transplanted into embryos at the 4-16-cell stage. Of 41 transplanted embryos transferred into 3 females, 12 were single-colored, but no overt chimeras were obtained. Judging from coat color and mtDNA in white blood cells, 2 piglets in 2 litters were derived from injected blastomeres, and 10 piglets in 3 litters were derived from recipient blastomeres. In the second experiment, inner cell mass cells of Day 6 Landrace embryos were injected into blastocoels of Day 6 Meishan embryos. Of 35 injected embryos transferred into 3 females, 2 overt chimeras of each sex were obtained in a single litter. In the overt male chimera, mtDNA clearly showed chimerism in spleen, pancreas, brain, kidney, lung, liver, heart, testis, and small intestine. The overt female chimera showed chimerism not only in blood but also in germ line according to a progeny test. No chimerism was detected in any of the 21 single-colored piglets in the second experiment.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Polymorphic sequence in the D-loop region of equine mitochondrial DNA.

The D-loop regions in equine mitochondrial DNA were cloned from three thoroughbred horses by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The total number of bases in the D-loop region were 1114 bp, 1115 bp and 1146 bp. The equine D-loop region is A/T rich like many other mammalian D-loops. The large central conserved sequence block and small conserved sequence blocks 1, 2 and 3, that are common to other mammals, were observed. Between conserved sequence blocks 1 and 2 there were tandem repeats of an 8 bp equine-specific sequence TGTGCACC, and the number of tandem repeats differed among individual horses. The base composition in the unit of these repeats is G/C rich as are the short repeats in the D-loops of rabbit and pig. Comparing DNA sequences between horse and other mammals, the difference in the D-loop region length is mostly due to the difference in the number of DNA sequences at both extremities. The similarities of the DNA sequences are in the middle part of the D-loop. In comparison of the sequences among three thoroughbred horses, it was determined that the region between tRNA(Pro) and the large central conserved sequence block was the richest in variation. PCR primers in the D-loop region were designed and the expected maternal inheritance was confirmed by PCR-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism).

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[A case of verrucous carcinoma of the penis with detection of human papillomavirus using the in situ hybridization method].

A case of penile verrucous carcinoma is reported. The patient had a previous history of condyloma acuminatum of the penis. No signs of squamous cell carcinomas were observed in the histopathological findings. We also detected the histologic evidence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in the result of the study by in situ hybridization. The local positive reaction of HPV infection for type 6/11 was seen, and was related to the koliocytosis. However other types of HPV (16/18, 31/33, 51) were negative.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Cloning and expression of Chromobacterium violaceum phenylalanine hydroxylase in Escherichia coli and comparison of amino acid sequence with mammalian aromatic amino acid hydroxylases.

The complete amino acid sequence (296 amino acids) of Chromobacterium violaceum phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) was determined by nucleotide analysis of a DNA clone isolated using both a synthetic oligonucleotide probe based on the NH2-terminal amino acid sequence and an antibody against this enzyme. The ApaL I fragment (approximately 1.9 kilobase pairs) containing the entire PAH gene was subcloned in pBluescript II and induced by isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside. In order to eliminate fusion proteins the XbaI/ClaI fragment which contained the PAH gene from the Bluescript construct was subcloned into pMAC 5-8 containing the TAC promoter. The recombinant protein reacts with antibody raised to authentic C. violaceum PAH and its NH2-terminal 20-amino acid sequence and COOH-terminal amino acid residue were identical with the wild-type protein. Key physical and chemical characteristics of the recombinant protein, i.e. its copper content and Michaelis-Menten parameters, were the same as wild-type. Comparison of amino acid sequences revealed a highly conserved region between C. violaceum PAH and three different mammalian aromatic amino acid hydroxylases. This conserved area may well be a catalytically important domain of these pterin- and metal-requiring aromatic amino acid hydroxylases. The over-expression of C. violaceum PAH in Escherichia coli will facilitate the analysis of the enzyme mechanism by various spectroscopic methods.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

[A clinical phase I study on intramuscular imipenem/cilastatin sodium].

The safety and pharmacokinetics of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) were evaluated in comparative studies using single intramuscular injection, intravenous infusion or multiple intramuscular administration. The studies were done employing 30 healthy volunteers. Adverse effects were observed in 5 of 18 volunteers in the single intramuscular dose study. One of them complained of mild itching and mild pain at the injection site, and the other 4 volunteers had mild pain at the injection sites. With the other methods of administration, no adverse effects were observed. No other abnormal physical findings nor abnormal laboratory test values were observed in any of the studies. Imipenem (IPM) was absorbed rather slowly through the muscles, resulting in a low maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and a prolonged half life (T1/2) upon intramuscular injection compared to the results obtained upon intravenous infusion. The total areas under the curves obtained with these 2 methods were similar, however. Cilastatin (CS) was absorbed rapidly after intramuscular injection, and the Cmax obtained was higher than that obtained for IPM. The T1/2 and the AUC of CS obtained with intramuscular injection were similar to those obtained with intravenous infusion. Cumulative urinary recovery rates obtained with these 2 different routes of administration were not different. Detectable urinary levels of IPM were maintained much longer upon intramuscular injection than upon intravenous infusion. In the multiple dose study, neither IPM nor CS showed tendency to accumulate.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Examination of the rectosphincteric reflex by means of endoscopic electrical stimulation. A new device].

An endoscopic electrical stimulation method (the new method) for the examination of the rectosphincteric reflex was devised to overcome difficulties attributable to the manometric method using balloon stimulation. Safety of the electrical stimulation under the conditions used routinely, was confirmed symptomatically and histologically. It was found that the optimal parameters of electrical stimulation to obtain the recto-sphincteric reflex were: 1 ms, 20 Hz, 5 to 7mA, and for 3 sec. The degree of the reflex relaxation became less and the time lag of the response to the stimulation became longer, as the distance of the stimulation site from the anal verge was increased. These relationships were significant. In the cases which received anterior resection of the rectum, the rectosphincteric reflex was examined using the new method. In 12 of 39 cases the recto-sphincteric reflex was induced by stimulation at the oral side of the anastomosis. In all of them the reflex was observed at 9 or more months postoperatively. Incidence of postoperative reflex appearance tended to be higher after end-to-end anastomosis than after side-to-end anastomosis. In two cases which received Duhamel-Okamoto's operation and in one which received Soave-Denda's operation, it was possible to analyze the relationship between the stimulating site and presence or absence of the reflex-like phenomenon.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Appearance of interfrontal bone in chimeric mouse.

The incidence of the interfrontal bone in mice differs between strains, being high in C57BL/6 and low in BALB/c. In the present study, aggregation chimeras (C57BL----BALB) were examined to reveal whether or not genetically different cells interact in the morphogenesis of the interfrontal bone. In C57BL/6 mice, large interfrontal bones appeared in almost all animals, whereas in BALB/c and reciprocal F1 crosses (C57 BL x BALB, BALB x C57BL), large bones were seldom observed while tiny bones at the inside of the skull appeared at a low incidence. In contrast, chimeras frequently had large interfrontal bones, the size of which varied considerably. Based on the degree of chimerism as determined by coat color mosaicism and glucose phosphate isomerase (G PI) analysis of tissues, the chimeric mice containing a dominant population of C57BL cells had large interfrontal bones, while those with a predominance of BALB cells had no bone or had tiny ones. The results indicated that the appearance of the interfrontal bone corresponded with the population of the C57BL cells occupying the skeletal rudiment, and that there was no interaction between C57BL cells and BALB cells in the morphogenesis of the interfrontal bone.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical results of a rokitamycin dry syrup in pediatric infections].

Clinical efficacies of a new macrolide antibiotic, rokitamycin (RKM, TMS-19-Q), were studied in acute pediatric infections. Responses to the RKM administration were evaluable in 62 out of 68 patients consisted of 7 patients with pharyngitis (efficacy rate of 85.7%, 6/7 patients), 4 with bronchitis (25.0%, 1/4), 9 with tonsillitis (100%, 9/9), 13 with mycoplasmal pneumonia (100%, 13/13), 13 with hemolytic streptococcal infections (92.3%, 12/13), 14 with pneumonia (57.1%, 8/14), one with pertussis (100%, 1/1) and another with Chlamydia pneumonia (100%, 1/1) thus an overall efficacy rate of 82.3% was achieved. Urticaria was observed in one of the patients as an adverse reaction to the drug, while abnormal laboratory test results were noted in 3 patients, but none of such changes were severe. The drug, even when administered in combination with a theophylline preparation, exerted no effects on the serum concentration of the latter.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

[The reproductive performance of XX/XY male chimeric mice].

The reproductive performance of male aggregation chimeric mice was examined. C57BL/6 in equilibrium BALB/c male chimeras and control animals, C57BL/6, BALB/c, and their reciprocal F1 crosses, were mated with ICR females. Of 45 overt chimeras, 13 produced mixed-genotype progenies and were revealed to be XY/XY chimeras. By karyotype analysis 16 of 32 single-genotype progeny chimeras were determined to be XX/XY chimeras, but the remaining single-genotype progeny chimeras showed only XY metaphase plates, so that their chromosomal sex could not be determined. The mean litter size of C57BL/6 was significantly higher than that of BALB/c. In contrast, the birth rate of C57BL/6 was lower than that of BALB/c. XY/XY chimeras showed almost the same performance as C57BL/6 for litter size and as BALB/c for birth rate. There were no significant differences for both traits between the reciprocal F1 crosses and XY/XY chimeras. The mean litter size of XX/XY chimeras was lower than that of XY/XY chimeras and the differences was statistically significant. Some XX/XY chimeras had very small testes, while XY/XY chimeras had normal testes. Such results indicate that the reproductive performance of XX/XY male chimeras is inferior to that of XY/XY males.

Animals↗