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Biomedical subjects

A Oehling

Publications and source records attributed to A Oehling.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Airway resistance and lung function in exercise-induced asthma.

Exercise which produces crisis in some patients but not in all is a useful and informative model for the physiopathological study of bronchial asthma. We decided to carry out a study in children with bronchial asthma to evaluate bronchial spasm induced by exercise, and we used two different parameters, Raw and FEV1. The results obtained showed that the group of patients affected by bronchial asthma presented basal values of FEV1 and resistance normal for their age and size, the same as the control group. Bronchial hyperreactivity which is a fundamental element in the patient with bronchial asthma can manifest itself in the large and small airways or both. We evaluated the bronchial hyperreactivity by measuring the Raw and the FEV1 and found that Raw was a more reliable test to measure bronchial obstruction induced by exercise. For the motives reviewed in our study, we can conclude that all patients with asthma or suspected of bronchial asthma, submitted to the exercise test, should be evaluated routinely with the Raw as well as with the classic spirometric parameters.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Airway resistance in bronchial asthma and rhinitis.

Following the acceptance of the interrupter technique as one of the most sensitive in determining airway resistance, we decided to conduct a comparative study between healthy subjects and those patients with respiratory illness, in the varieties rhinitis and bronchial asthma. The study included 125 patients with respiratory illness, 42 diagnosed as having rhinitis and 83 with bronchial asthma with or without associated rhinitis. These groups were divided into symptomatic and asymptomatic at the time of the study. Hundred and eighty individuals were selected as a control group. A significant difference can be seen between the values for airway resistance of the control group (means = 0,651 7 kpc/l./sec.-1) and those with symptomatic rhinitis (means = 0,7732 kpc/l./sec.-1) or symptomatic bronchial asthma (means = 1,2602 kpc/l./sec-1). Values for airway resistance in asymptomatic patients (rhinitis and bronchial asthma) are similar to the control group. The rhinitis group which was clinically symptomatic at the beginning of the study was divided into two groups according to whether the airway resistance was within +/- 1 standard deviation of the mean or elevated analysis showed a statistical difference between the two groups. This makes us think that we are dealing here with distinct groups.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The protective effect of Ketotifen in respiratory allergy.

During the last two years many works have dealt with the anti-anaphylactic properties of HC 20-511, which chemically belongs to the cycloheptathiophene group of drugs. The excellent results obtained by different authors using this drug in various allergies, decided us to study its protective use in patients affected by rhinitis and/or extrinsec bronchial asthma, especially in connection with pollinoisis. We selected a group of patients of both sexes over 12 years of age, including those who had already received immunotherapy treatment. Diagnosis was determined by means of a clear clinical history, skin tests, and exposure tests to specific antigens, using the Gronemeyer and Fuchs method. The drug was administered orally (1 mg./twice a day) for 3 months. Exposition tests were carried out before beginning treatment and at 30 and 90 days, and measurement of vital capacity, FEV1, Maximal flow and Pneumometry were carried out. A check on the clinical state of the patient, as well as on his tolerance to the drug, and on additional intake of other anti-asthmatic drugs (corticoids, Beta-stimulants) was made every 15 days. The results were highly satisfactory and a positive improvement in the clinical state of 70% of the patients after three months of treatment was noticed. When carrying out bronchial provocation tests, a minor decrease in FEV1 as well as in bronchopneumetric values were undoubtedly noticed in the patients under treatment when compared with the basal tests. Tolerance to the drug was excellent, its undesirable effects being secondary to its antihistaminic activity.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bacterial immunotherapy in bronchial asthma.

In the treatment of bronchospastic states, primary bacterial bronchial asthma and asthmatic bronchitis, one of the most controversial aspects is the use of bacterial vaccines. In general, the treatment of these conditions is symptomatic, neglecting for the most part the existing bacterial allergy. At present, as a result of great advances in the immunotherapy of these disorders, the importance of an allergic response to bacteria in the etiology of these bronchopathies is beyond doubt. The subjects were 120 patients, 59 women and 51 men, with ages ranging from 7 to 73 years. Of this group, 21 were children less than 12 years old and all had a diagnosis of bronchial asthma or asthmatic bronchitis, with or without paranasal sinusitis, and exclusively of bacterial etiology. In order to study and evaluate the effectiveness of immunotherapy, a questionnaire, reproduced in fig. 1 was sent to the patients three years after the beginning of treatment. For this study, only the answers to this questionnaire were considered. Examination of the results shows that in bronchial disorders with bacterial allergy, treatment with bacterial vaccine achieves a 75% success rate. In the small group of children studied (a larger group is currently under investigation), the results are even more satisfactory, reaching 90.47%. It is noteworthy that the immediate reaction to the skin test was positive (++ to ++++) in 83.32% of the cases. Of the greatest importance also is the associated paranasal sinusitis in 83% of the cases, part of a sinobronchopulmonary syndrome which contributes substantially to this state of bacterial allergy. Significant side effects were found in 52.6% of the patients and consisted mainly of slight catarrhal symptoms, apparent at the beginning of treatment. At present, we have no doubt whatsoever that immunotherapy is much more valuable than prolonged symptomatic therapy in the treatment of primary bacterial bronchial asthma.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Humoral and cellular immunity in chronic urticaria.

In chronic recurrent urticaria of months' or years' duration, it is difficult to identify the causative factor. From an immunological point of view, various authors have attempted to demonstrate alterations in levels of immunoglobulins and complement fractions. We do not know of any previous studies of cellular immunity in this disorder. Fifty-one patients with chronic urticaria were studied, 22 females and 29 males, with ages ranging from 8 to 70 years. The patients were considered to be affected by recurrent or chronic urticaria with no clear allergic etiology. In all subjects a determination was made of serum levels of immunoglobulins G, A, M and E and of the complement fractions: C1 inhibitor, C1q, C3, C4 and C5. In addition, a study of cellular immunity was carried out on these patients. The results of tests of humoral immunity in the group of chronic urticarial patients studied showed only an increase of IgM in 41.7%. No significant changes were noted among the complement fractions. The study of cellular immunity gave normal figures for total and for B and T lymphocytes. The only finding which may be worthy of is a slight decrease in active T lymphocytes. The lymphocyte transformation test also gave a normal response to PHA and overall a normal cellular immunity was shown in these patients. At present we do not consider that the increased IgM in 40 to 45% of the cases has any pathogenic diagnostic value.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Breast cancer and histocompatibility antigens.

HLA antigens and haplotypes were studied in 50 women with infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast, from the Basque provinces and Navarra, and in a comtrol group consisted of 166 healthy persons from the same geographical area. A greater incidence of HLA-B7 and B26 was observed in the breast cancer group if compared with the frequency of occurrence of these antigens in the Spanish population. However, when compared with Navarra-Basque population, no significant differences were observed. The study of the haplotype frequencies in breast cancer showed a greater incidence of the A9, B27 and A10, B14 haplotypes than in the normal population. However, the significance of D values disappeared after making the necessary correction for the number of antigens tested. The major histocompatibility system has a variety of functions which have not yet been documented but that might predispose to disease. It is certainly probable that there will be multiple mechanisms underlying HLA and cancer associations, however so far none of the data available suggest the presence of an immune response gene linked with breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

HLA and pollinosis.

Sixty-two patients were selected who suffered from seasonal pollen-induced bronchial asthma and rhinitis. Histocompatibility antigen typing was carried out with a panel of 70 antisera (Behringwerke) of 33 HLA specificities. The results obtained at locus A of the most representative by percent phenotypic frequency of the HLA studies shows a decreased frecuency of HLA-A11. The phenotyic frequencies of the most representative HLA of B locus in the group of patients shows an increase in the frequency of HLA-B8. This represents 22.6% compared with 9.1% of the controls, which is definitely significant. The results obtained in a study of the haplotype frequency of three combinations of HLA antigens, in a group of allergic patients compared with the controls shows that the frequency of the haplotype A1 B8 is greater in the allergic patients than in the control group, a statistically significant finding. As regards the other two haplotypes A2 B12 and A3 B7, the respective results of the comparison were not significant in the first and marginally significant in the second. Even these few studied cases demonstrate the predominance of HLA-B8 in atopic or hyperreactive states. As regards the A1 B8 haplotype, we also find a slightly increased occurrence, in agreement with the literature. This suggests that the hyperergic response might be associated with the presence of the A1 B8 haplotype.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of sensitizing proteins in milk allergy.

In clinical allergology and particularly during childhood, we quite frequently encounter patients who are allergic to milk. This has usually been confirmed by the clinical history and by skin testing. Statistics show a sensitization to cows' milk of between 0.3 and 7% of the world's population. In view of the diversity of opinions about an immunological problem of such clinical importance, we decided to carry out a clinical study to determine the sensitization to different fractions in patients allergic to milk. For this study, 82 patients were selected with a history of milk allergy together with strongly positive (++++) skin tests. Simultaneous intracutaneous tests were also performed with Alpha-lactalbumin, Beta-Lactoglobulin and Casein. The following points summarize our conclusions. 1. In milk allergy, lactoglobulin is the fraction with the greatest sensitizing potential (76.8% of our cases). 2. The alpha-lactalbumin fraction sensitized 59.7% of our cases, but gave weaker positive reactions. 3. Casein is the least sensitizing of the fractions studied, affecting 42% of the patients. 4. Taking into account that many patients with a positive history of milk allergy may show negative reactions when tested with whole milk and positive reactions to one of the three fractions discussed, it would be advisable to test routinely with these three fractions as well as with whole milk.

Albumins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The diagnostic value of the histamine release test in food allergy.

One hundred and nine patients were selected in this study. All had food allergies (Urticaria, Quincke's Oedema and Bronchial Asthma) diagnosed by either clinical history or skin test results later confirmed by oral challenge. Since many of these patients had multiple sensitivities to various food allergens, the study was performed on 175 blood samples classifying the results according to personal history and results of the skin test. The diagnostic value of histamine release in whole blood of a patient suffering from food allergy is optimally reliable. The study is complemented by providing a better understanding of the dynamics involved in the hypersensitivity response. The results from this comparative study with RAST, once again demonstrate the uselessness in using this technique in food allergy since the existence of other cytotropic antibodies, IgG4 capable of provoking the basophil to produce a clearly detectable and significant histamine release has been well demonstrated. Once again the importance of other antibodies which are not exactly cytotropic or anaphylactic (IgG, IgM, etc.) in nature in hypersensitivity response is brought to light. These are readily detected with a great degree of reliability (78%) using hemagglutination. This method is highly sensitive and is strongly recommended in the diagnoses of allergy because of its simplicity and affordability. The study of the parameters studied shows us once again that there are several mechanisms involved in the hypersensitivity response as well as a variation from one individual to another depending, of course on the class of antigen. Finally we must keep in mind the complexity of the antigen involved in food allergies which in many cases are haptenic.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of immunotherapy on histamine release: a study in allergy to dermatophagoides and house dust.

A group of 56 patients with allergy to house dust and dermatophagoides, and 50 healthy controls were studied. The histamine release test was carried out on these patients using the above mentioned antigens, and the results were evaluated considering the possible variations with respect to specific immunotherapy. The results showed that: --basal histamine values were increased in patients with respect to controls. Analogously, non-treated patients presented higher basal histamine levels than did treated patients. --total histamine values were highest in patients undergoing immunotherapy. --52% of patients with positive cutaneous tests presented positive histamine release in response to antigen challenge. The intensity of the positive response was greater in patients undergoing therapy, and when dermatophagoides antigen was used. Significant differences were found among positive cutaneous tests and house dust and dermatophagoides in the untreated group. This difference was less marked in treated patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reliability of the prick-test in comparison to other techniques.

This paper aims to establish the diagnostic reliability of the Prick test and its correlation to other techniques used in allergologic diagnosis: intracutaneous testing, RAST, hemagglutination, histamine liberation test. All of these tests were realized in 55 patients with bronchial asthma and with marked sensitization to diverse inhaled allergens and in a control group of 20 healthy subjects. A low correlation is observed between the Prick test and a positive intracutaneous test for house dust, somewhat higher correlation is seen for dermatophagoides and even higher for pollen. Greater reliability is demonstrated for the intracutaneous test as compared to the other in vitro techniques.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A study of T suppressor activity after bacterial immunotherapy.

T suppressor cell activity from twenty non-atopic patients with bronchial asthma of bacterial etiology, were studied. The patient's ages ranged from 14 to 60 years with a mean age of 40 years. Seven patients were male and thirteen were female. As control subjects six healthy young adults were studied. The patients were divided in two groups: one including patients with less than one year of bacterial immunotherapy and another, including patients with one to four years of immunotherapy. The method described in other works was followed. The results obtained in these two groups were compared to those obtained in a group of healthy volunteers and were analyzed on the basis of statistical data using the student's t test. In patients with bacterial asthma, we observed normal suppressor cell activity, similar to that of subjects undergoing immunotherapy. As such, bacterial immunotherapy does not seem to objectively affect the regulatory mechanisms of cellular immunity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

T helper and T suppressor subpopulations in pollinosis. Effect of specific immunotherapy.

In this work, possible alterations in OKT-4+ and OKT-8+ cells in relation to pollinosis in studied, 33 pollinic patients were studied. 11 of these had not received immunotherapy and the rest had been treated with specific immunotherapy. The possible effect of immunotherapy on the T helper/T suppressor ratio is evaluated. No significant differences between the two groups of patients were found neither in relation to duration of immunotherapy nor in relation to the control group.

Desensitization, Immunologic↗