Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Oehling

Publications and source records attributed to A Oehling.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Beta-receptor decrease in bronchial asthma.

Sinesterases that intervene in cAMP and oGMP equilibrium in the cytoplasm of mast cells are activated by the adrenergic system through beta-receptors. A study was made on 96 atopic patients with mono sensitization to Dermatophagoides pteronissinus, in 3 groups. Radioligands were used to quantitate the number of beta receptors. In the control group mean no/cell was 541, bronchial symptomatic patients had 327 and nasal symptomatics 348. Asymptomatic patients were similar to controls. The results were similar with pollen-sensitive patients. Beta receptor decrease is a consequence of clinical allergy in atopic patients and is secondary to the immunological events that follow antigen-antibody reactions and cell membrane changes.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1991

Mechanism of ketotifen action in hypersensitivity reactions. Its effect on cellular enzymatic activities.

In this study we observed that asthmatics had less methyltransferase activity and greater phosphodiesterase activity than healthy individuals. These enzymatic activities were nearer to values obtained in healthy individuals when we preincubated cells with ketotifen. The modulator effect of this drug on these two enzymes permits, on the one hand, to re-establish the beta-receptor numbers expressed on the membrane, and on the other hand, to inhibit mediator secretion provoked by antigenic stimulus. With its action on adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase activities, it allows cAMP intracellular accumulation and hinders the secretory process. Through its action on methyltransferase activity, it is responsible for the normalization of beta-receptor expression observed in asthmatic patients treated with ketotifen.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1991

In vitro ketotifen protection in bronchial hyperreactivity.

There are drugs, such as ketotifen, that inhibit bronchospasm through different mechanisms. In this study, we looked at the changes in the number of sanguineous cells that ketotifen produces, especially in basophil cells, that could explain its prophylactic effects in bronchial hyperreactivity disclosed by exercise, as well as its relation to the variations in basal and total histamine in blood. 22 patients were selected, with a diagnosis of extrinsic bronchial asthma with sensitization against Dermatophagoides, and were compared to a control group. They all underwent an exercise test. Blood samples were taken before and after exercise in order to measure the number of leukocytes and the changes in basal and total histamine. We found that the number of basophils does not increase after exercise in untreated patients, while it does in the control group and in treated patients. This implies that ketotifen stabilizes the basophil cells, hindering their degranulation and the subsequent liberation of mediators that would produce bronchospasm after exercise.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Number of beta-receptors in patients allergic to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.

This study was carried out on 96 atopic patients with monosensitization against Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and 30 control individuals. The patients were divided into 3 subgroups: 27 asymptomatic patients, 27 patients who only presented nasal symptomatology, and 27 patients with marked bronchial symptomatology. Total serum IgE, antigen-specific histamine release, and the number of beta 2-adrenergic receptors in peripheral blood lymphocytes in all patients were determined. The control group presented the highest number of beta-receptors in comparison with the bronchial symptomatic and nasal symptomatic patients. However, asymptomatic patients presented numbers of beta-receptors similar to controls, with no significant differences between both groups. No significant correlation was found between beta-adrenergic receptors and levels of total serum IgE. On the other hand, correlation between beta-receptors and specific histamine release was detected only in symptomatic nasal patients. It can be postulated that the decrease in beta-receptors is a consequence, and not the cause, of atopy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Influence of seasonal variations on histamine release and other immunological parameters in pollinosis.

One hundred and fifty-six pollen-sensitive patients with sensitization to grass pollen only were chosen for this study; 65 patients were allergic to Dermatophagoides, while 45 were non-allergic subjects with no atopic history. The following tests were carried out on all patients: histamine release of total blood, basal histamine, total histamine, determination of total IgE and specific IgE (RAST) serum levels, serum hemagglutinating antibodies and skin tests. Seasonal increase of IgE was observed, with post-seasonal fall; 50% of the cases reached normal values. However, RAST as a semiquantitative method did not prove to be useful in the detection of variations in specific IgE levels. During pollination, an increase in titers in pollen-sensitive subjects was seen. This was attributed to a humoral immune response epiphenomenon which was independent of IgE. The histamine release test was significantly greater during pollination in pollen-sensitive subjects. The total of stored histamine increased during the months of allergenic exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Number of beta-receptors in rhinitic pollinic patients.

The study was carried out on venous blood from 67 patients with seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis caused by sensitization to grass pollen and 30 control individuals. Total IgE determination, antigen-specific histamine release test against two concentrations of Phleum pratense, and quantification of beta 2-adrenergic receptor numbers in lymphocyte membrane of peripheral blood were done on all patients. Those pollinic patients who were asymptomatic at the time of the study had 500.07 +/- 237.27 receptors/cell; no significant differences were established with the control group, with 541.53 +/- 123.63 receptors/cell. However, both the control group and asymptomatic patients had receptor numbers which were significantly higher than those of symptomatic pollinic patients, with 376.81 +/- 158.65 receptors/cell (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). The average decrease in number of receptors in symptomatic pollinic patients was 30.42% in relation to controls and 24.65% in relation to asymptomatic patients. Within the subgroup of pollinic patients, studied both in and out of season, the number of beta 2-adrenergic receptors had an average decrease of 13.22% during pollination, with 363.7 receptors/cell. Once the pollination season was over, this figure increased to 419.1 receptors/cell, establishing significant differences with p < 0.025. The number of beta 2-adrenergic receptors did not correlate with total seric IgE figures or with antigen-specific histamine release. These data indicate that the decrease of these receptors does not constitute the causal factor of atopic diseases; it seems more likely to be a consequence of the same.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Study of IgE-dependent basophil releasability in allergic patients.

For this study, venous blood from 160 patients with a diagnosis of asthma and/or rhinitis was used. Histamine release test (H.R.T.) with anti-IgE at 1/5 and 1/25 dilutions and with causal antigen in the case of atopic patients (144) was carried out on all patients. Basophils from atopic patients released more histamine than those from nonatopic patients (p < 0.001). Basophils of atopic patients released more histamine with 1/5 anti-IgE dilution (p < 0.01), while non-atopic patients did so with the 1/25 dilution (p < 0.05). On grouping atopic patients according to positive or negative results in Ag-specific histamine release, 14% of patients presented negative Ag-specific H.R.T. and 85.7% of the cases did not respond to anti-IgE stimulus; this was 12% of the total number of atopics. On the other hand, 17% of the patients studied did not show positive histamine release against anti-IgE and 70.6% of them had negative Ag-specific release. As for the effect of age on IgE-dependent histamine release, the group of patients who presented greater releasability corresponded to those older than 6 years of age. The discrepancies observed between the clinical history, skin tests, serum IgE and antigen-dependent histamine release in some patients could be related to the individual basophil ability to release histamine. Therefore, this basophil releasability evaluation has an important practical application in discerning false negatives in antigen-specific H.R.T.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Seasonal influence on serum and receptor-bound IgE in pollinosis.

Analysis of the correlation between bound and free IgE in 32 patients with pollinosis before and during the pollen season disclosed no correlation between bound and free IgE in rhinitic patients before the pollen season, while there was correlation during the season. In the asthmatic patients there was good correlation before the pollen season rather than during it.

Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte↗
PubMed1989

Results of the in vitro follow-up of immunotherapy.

With the advances made in allergological diagnosis, thanks to the application of various in vitro immunological techniques, we have also learnt more about the immunological modifications produced during the course of the immunotherapy. Among the techniques which will detect immunological changes is the histamine release test, which will show a decrease in antigen-specific histamine release. On the other hand, both total IgE and IgG4 are modified in the course of this immunotherapeutic treatment.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1976

[Standardization of in-vitro methods for diagnosing allergic disorders].

The various "in vitro" techniques were studied and the conclusion was reached that the hemagglutination and complement fixation tests were the most suitable for diagnosis. Sera were selected from 377 patients with very positive intracutaneous reactions to the antigens in question, the distribution being as follows: 110 sera positive to milk, 114 sera positive to eggs, 95 sera with a very marked intracutaneous reaction with gramineous pollen, and 58 with house dust. By means of the hemagglutionation technique of Boyden and the complement fixation test of Kolmer with these antigens, it was determined that the diagnostic reliability for food substances was 94,4% in the sera with positive anamnesis. For milk, there was 100% reliability in bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis. With respect to pollen, hemagglutination gave 100% reliability in patients with positive anamnesis. The percentage with complement fixation was somewhat lower. Comparing the diagnostic reliability with hemagglutination, house dust gave an arithmetic average of 82,6% in positive anamnesis. With these antigens, hemagglutination by Boyden's technique appears the most suitable method.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Aerosol chemotherapy in bronchopulmonary candidiasis.

One of the most frequent complications encountered in non-specific respiratory pathology of recent years is overinfection by Candida albicans. An important contributive factor is the recent massive antibiotherapy, above all with tetracyclines, favouring this overinfection. Since at present the treatment of bronchopulmonary processes is difficult owing to the lack of an effective oral or parenteral therapy, a study was carried out of 33 patients treated with nystatin and amphotericin B in aerosol form, with 3-4 sessions of treatment per day, during a minimum of 10 days. At each session either 50,000 U of nystatin or 5 mg of amphotericin B were administered. The results obtained showed that after treatment, C. albicans was no longer present in the sputum of 84% of cases treated. In view of these results it is considered that - at present - the two most suitable substances for the treatment of pulmonary candidiases are nystatin and amphotericin B in aerosol form.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunosuppressive effect of corticosteroids on rabbit's humoral and cellular response.

The immunosuppressive effect of two of the most used steroids, 16-Methylen-prednisolone and betamethasone, was studied in rabbits sensitized to bovine serum albumin (BSA). In the steroid treated animals the hemagglutination and precipitation titres obtained in Boyden's test and gel-diffusion respectively, were strongly decreased as compared with the controls. The Arthus reaction was also inhibited. No response was detected in the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) against the antigen (BSA) in the treated animals, and also the PHA induced transformation was suppressed but not completely abolished. A remarked decrease in the number of circulating mononuclear cells was observed in the treated animals. The number of T rosette-forming cells was also strongly decreased, but the percentage of B cells bearing IgG on their membrane detected by immunofluorescence offered only a slight decrease as compared with the controls. All these changes were observed earlier and more intensely in the Betamethasone treated rabbits.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Etiopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis].

There is a wide variety of criteria in regard to the etiology of atopic dermatitis of neurodermitis. The allergic factor may play a very important role in its etiology. There is neither a general agreement on the importance of food allergy in this regard. Broadly considered, these patients may evoke intense positive reactions to intradermal tests to food and inhalative allergens, nevertheless it will be possible to establish that the lesions appear or disappear after the exposure of suppression of the antigens which evoked the positive reaction. On this basis, many dermatologists deny the allergic etiology in atopic dermatitis, even though in most instances no food skin tests are performed. In this study, 110 patients, both children and adults of both sexes, suffering from atopic dermatitis are investigated. The onset in most of the cases is before the age of six months, following the ages between 1-10 years; the groups between 6 months and one year, and 10-20 years followed a descending order per decade until 70 years. 60.9% of the cases showed food allergy to one or more food items. In 39% of the cases, no food allergy was found. The food-stuffs more commonly involved were: milk (37.7%), egg (26.3%) and fish (20.9%), followed by coca, wheat flour, seafood, fruits, vegetables and meat. A remission of the reaction followed the suppression of the allergen. Intestinal parasitosis is evaluated in relation to atopic dermatitis. 30.9% of the 110 cases were affected with intestinal parasitosis, being the most common the flagelates (lamblias), protozoa (amoeba) and nematodes (ascaris, tricocephalus and oxijrus). Finally, a concurrence is found between atopic dermatitis and other allergic diseases in 81 cases (73.6%), being bronchial asthma and asthmatic bronchitis the most frequent, and allergic rhinitis, urticaria and Quincke's edema less frequent.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnostic value of total IgE and antigen specific IgE using RAST in pollenosis.

41 patients with clinically demonstrated pollinosis are studied. The following test were performed on all of them: a) Intradermal skin tests using grass pollen extracts (Pangramin III) and with extracts of Dactylis glomerate, Lollium perenne and Poa pratensis. b) Totol serum IgE determination. c) Antigen specific IgE (RAST) determination against the pollens mentioned in b). d) Passive hemagglutination against the pollen Dactylis glomerate. Basing on the results obtained, we have arrived to the following conclusions: 1) IgE determination with intensely positive intradermal skin tests in all cases, gave the following data: 27.5% normal values, 35% slightly elevated and 37.5% highly increased values. We believe that IgE determination can only be used to estimate the "allergization" degree of the patient. 2) No relation between the antigen concentration used in the intradermal skin test, and serum IgE concentration was found. 3) Taking in consideration that the antigen extracts used for RAST and intradermal skin tests were obtained from different sources (Sweden and Spain, respectively), the relation between both determinations ranged between 52.5% and 60%, in a total of 123 tests performed. 4) Considering that in the allergic response antibodies other than reagins (IgG) take part, and taking into account the results obtained with the passive hemagglutination technique, we consider that this last method should be included as a diagnostic routine tool in the pollinic patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quantitative estimation of IgE and IgD by laser nephelometry.

The advantages and disadvantages of Laser Nephelometry (LN) in the determination of IgD and IgE are reported. Two laser nephelometer models (Behringwerke/Marburg), different batches of LN cuvettes, WHO reference standard sera, rabbit anti-human antisera and randomly selected allergic patients' sera were used for the standardization of the method. Cuvette blank values were significantly lower in the new model of laser nephelometer and the precision of these measurements was very high when two different cuvette charges were compared. In the determination of IgE by LN, it was possible to detect levels down to 125 IU/ml, the accuracy of the estimations varying between 4.8 and 8.2% and the repeatability between 3.2 and 24.4%, the highest variation coefficient being obtained in low level samples. The overall agreement between LN and RIST in 55 serum samples was 71%, and at concentrations below 200 IU/ml (normal) and above 400 IU/ml (increased) 80% and 85% respectively. In the determination of IgD by LN, the accuracy of the estimations was also very good (2.4 to 7.8%) and the variation coefficient varied between 2.8 and 13.3%. In the comparison of IgD estimations with LN and radial immunodiffusion in 27 samples a correlation coefficient of r = 0.82 was obtained. Although normal adult IgE values cannot be analysed, the clinically important increased IgE levels are correctly determined by LN. The method is more sensitive than the Mancini technique for IgE determination and in comparison with RIST, though low values are not obtained, LN is quicker, simpler and cheaper.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A contribution to the synovial fluid immunopathology in rheumatoid arthritis and other arthropathies.

The role of the autoimmune or autoallergic process in Progressive Chronic Polyarthritis, has been the subject of a great deal of study in the last four decades. In this work, using the synovial fluid of 312 patients suffering Chronic Progressive Polyarthritis and other arthropaties, the immunopathologic aspects of these diseases are studies. The following techniques had been used: 1. Total protein determination 2. Animal immunization. 3. Gel diffusion. 4. Immunoelectrophoresis. 5. Cellogel electrophoresis. 6. Radial immunodiffusion. 7. Absorption. After a systematic discussion of each of the results obtained (comparing these findings with those of other authors) we have arrived to the following conclusions. 1. The great importance of the immunoglobulins' role in the immunization process and their relation with high total protein titres, especially in PCP. 2. The importance of the IgA role in Rheumatoid Arthritis and in Acute Lymphatic Leukemia, behaving in the former as a Rheumatoid Factor with autoantibody nature. 3. An antigenic community between plasma and synovial proteins, and protein fractions. 4. The existence o af synovial "self" protein could not be demonstrated "in vivo".

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of total IgE in diverse allergosis. Comparative study with other techniques. Part I.

Three hundred patients whose ages ranged between 10 and 50 years were studied. They were classified, according to the number of sensitizing allergens, their sensitization frequency, the clinical syndrome diagnosed, and the therapy followed by each one of them. Intracutaneous tests with twenty-nine groups of allergens and the determination of total IgE, were carried out on each of them. A statistical evaluation was performed on the results obtained, for the purpose of proving mathematically the certainty of these values. The results obtained lead to the following conclusions: 1) The mean values of IGE found coincide with those discovered by other authors, except in the cases of parasytosis and atopic dermatitis. 2) The expression "mean value of IgE" is incorrect for comparative effects with respect to normal levels, since a great diffusion of individual values with respect to this mean value, were observed in all the circumstances studied. 3) A different reaginic response is noticed in the patients studied: from 50 to 70% presented extremely elevated values of serum IgE. Points 1) and 3) are being submitted to an exhaustive re-examination.

Absorption↗