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Biomedical subjects

A Nowak

Publications and source records attributed to A Nowak.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Measurement of blood flow of the portal system in liver cirrhosis using the Doppler method].

Portal and splenchnic blood flow was studied in a group of 31 patients with hepatic cirrhosis and splenic veins. The authors used Acuson 128 with sector head 3,5 MHz enabling a simultaneous Doppler examination by means of impulse wave. A control group consisted of 50 healthy volunteers. Two patients had regressive flux in the portal vein, one patient had a reflux in the splenic vein. It was found that portal blood flow was significantly lower in the group examined than in the control group, and the splenic one was significantly higher. The sensitivity and specificity of the method of measuring the blood flow in the portal vein was 80%, and 88.2% respectively. 67.7% of patients had a different shape of the Doppler spectrum in the portal vein. That spectrum did not show the normally seen waves due to the heart beats. The authors' examinations show that the measurement of blood flow in the portal and splenic veins by means of the method using Doppler phenomenon provides valuable information on the haemodynamics of the portal system.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Imaging evaluation of the human nipple during breast-feeding.

A new real-time ultrasound technique was employed to document in vivo the anatomic characteristics of the human nipple during breast-feeding. The study quantifies human nipple deformation and provides a description of the mechanics of normal sucking derived from 16 normal infants aged 60 to 120 days. This in vivo imaging technique has great potential value in the study of feeding dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Plasma and skin blister fluid concentrations of trimethoprim following its oral administration.

Plasma and skin blister fluid concentration-time curves following a single oral dose of trimethoprim have been evaluated. Skin blisters were produced by the cantharides technique, using patches with cantharidin ointment. Trimethoprim concentrations in plasma following multiple doses of 200 mg were also determined. The maximal concentration in plasma after a single oral dose of 400 mg trimethoprim was 3.95 +/- 1.08 mg/l, and it was observed after 2 h, whereas in skin blister fluid the level was 2.21 +/- 0.62 mg/l, and it was delayed for up to 6 h. This means that a certain time is required for drug transfer from the capillaries via the basal membrane into blister fluid. Penetration of the drug into blister fluid, defined as the ratio of the areas under the trimethoprim level time curve in skin blister fluid to that of plasma, was 0.826 +/- 0.096. The steady-state concentration of trimethoprim in plasma during routine treatment with 200-mg doses ranged between 2 and 3.5 mg/l.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Cigarette smoking delays gastric emptying of a radiolabelled solid food in healthy smokers.

The effect of cigarette smoking on gastric emptying was studied in 18 healthy volunteers by means of an isotopic method. Although the observed individual reactions were fairly variable, cigarette smoking significantly delayed gastric emptying of a solid meal. Potential mechanisms of action of cigarette smoking on gastric emptying are discussed, including the role of nicotine. The method of gastric emptying measurement was shown to be reproducible in the paired studies performed in 11 subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Modulatory effect of the gastrointestinal tract (gut) on fibrinolysis and fibrinogen derivatives.

We have investigated some components of the fibrinolytic system and fibrinogen derivatives in blood samples taken simultaneously from the human portal and cubital veins. In the first series the blood was drawn during laparotomy from 12 cholecystectomized, otherwise healthy patients. The mean value of euglobulin lysis time was significantly lower in the portal than in the cubital vein. The values of the fibrinogen, plasminogen, serial dilution protamine sulfate, and ethanol gelation tests in both samples were quite similar. In the second series blood was taken from eight patients with cancer of the gut and from six cholecystectomized patients. The staphylococcal clumping test (SCT) in serum was performed for fibrin degradation products (FDP) in samples from both veins. In patients with cancer the mean FDP level was significantly higher in the portal than in the cubital vein. In cholecystectomized patients the SCT was negative in samples from both veins. We conclude that fibrinogen pathway metabolism does not differ in the portal and cubital veins under normal conditions, whereas in neoplastic disease fibrinogen degradation is greater in the portal vein. We also suggest that the gut probably modulates fibrinolytic activity in normal conditions.

Arm↗
PubMed1987

Effect of cigarette smoking on gastric emptying in patients with an active duodenal ulcer.

The effect of cigarette smoking on gastric emptying (GE) of a radiolabelled solid meal was examined in 14 patients with an active duodenal ulcer. The patients underwent GE measurement thrice: under basal conditions and for two smoking sessions, without and after cimetidine pretreatment (2 X 400 mg orally for 2 days and 400 mg orally 1.5 h before the isotropic GE examination) in random order. Cigarette smoking significantly delayed GE (p less than 0.05 for both the gastric half emptying time (H) and the mean transit time (MTT90)). The inhibitory effect of smoking on GE was enhanced after cimetidine pretreatment (p less than 0.02 for H and p less than 0.004 for MTT90, respectively). Potential mechanisms and pathophysiological meaning of the findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Seasonal prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrences with pirenzepine.

Seasonal accumulation of duodenal ulcer recurrences suggests that maintenance therapy could be limited to the more risky periods. We carried out a 2-year, multi-centre, randomized, double blind study in 250 patients in whom the last ulcer proved to be healed at the endoscopy on entry. One-hundred-and-twenty-six patients in group A were given pirenzepine 2 X 25 mg while 124 in group B had 2 X 50 mg daily from the beginning of January to the end of March, and from the beginning of September to the end of November for two consecutive years. Test endoscopies were performed each year at the end of February, May and November. Both groups proved to be well comparable. Thirty-five patients dropped out from group A in the first and 10 in the second year; in group B 27 and 29, respectively. As the effect did not show any dose relation, the four yearly cycles were summarized. Recurrence rate checked in May was 22.1% while in both pirenzepine protected months it was 11.3% (p less than 0.0005) and 13.4% (p less than 0.001), respectively. We conclude that pirenzepine administered in the risky seasons prevents the peak ulcer incidence and reduces the recurrence rate to a level lower than in the non-risky season. Thus pirenzepine is effective in ulcer prevention even if administered in an interrupted manner.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Function of phagocytes in experimentally induced colitis in rabbits. II. The Shwartzman phenomenon in the colon.

Adhesion, phagocytosis, chemotactic and random migration, nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction of peritoneal exudate neutrophils and macrophages, fibrinogen level, gelation of soluble fibrin and serial dilution protamine sulfate test were investigated in 115 New Zealand white rabbits with experimentally induced Shwartzman phenomenon in the colon, and in control animals. The results presented in this report demonstrated impairment of chemotactic migration of phagocytes in the presence of endotoxin. The depression was dose-dependent and less marked when neutrophils were stimulated with monocyte-derived chemotactic factor or with casein, than with complement-derived chemotactic factor. The prolonged depression of chemotactic migration of neutrophils and macrophages in rabbits with colitis, however, did not affect the healing time of the ulcers in the colon.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Distribution of trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole in blood during treatment with co-trimoxazole.

Changes in the distribution of sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim in whole blood, plasma and erythrocytes at steady-state in patients treated with cotrimoxazole have been studied. Unlike sulphamethoxazole, trimethoprim was weakly bound to erythrocytes and was partially liberated when the erythrocytes were rinsed with isotonic saline. The maximal steady-state concentration of trimethoprim in whole blood was 3 mg/l, but calculated on the basis of the concentration determined in erythrocytes it was 1.8 mg/l. Erythrocytes may be of great significance in trimethoprim distribution as carriers of a readily liberated reservoir of the drug. Acetylated sulphamethoxazole derivatives occurred in a higher percentage in erythrocytes at the maximal steady-state concentration (9.9%) than at the level (7.3%), which may help in interpreting the behaviour of this metabolite in other cells in the organism.

Acetylation↗