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Biomedical subjects

A Neuhold

Publications and source records attributed to A Neuhold.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine in multiple myeloma.

The lower thoracic and lumbar spine of patients with multiple myeloma was examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), plain radiography, and bone scintigraphy. Three independent investigators evaluated the power of these diagnostic methods to detect bone lesions in 192 vertebrae from 18 patients and in 60 vertebrae from 7 controls. 41 foci with abnormal signal intensity were detected by MRI; X-ray films showed osteolytic lesions in 4 vertebral bodies; and bone scanning was positive in 2 cases. The superiority of MRI in detecting myeloma-associated focal bone lesions was statistically significant, and in one case the lesions were confirmed at necropsy. Deviations in shape and height of vertebral bodies were slightly more easily visible on radiographs. Early detection of imminent medullary compressions in 2 patients led to successful radiotherapy before symptoms appeared.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Topological characteristics of brainstem lesions in clinically definite and clinically probable cases of multiple sclerosis: an MRI-study.

Disseminated lesions in the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres and confluent lesions at the borders of the lateral ventricles as seen on MRI are both considered acceptable paraclinical evidence for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Similar changes are, however, also found in vascular diseases of the brain. We therefore aimed at identifying those additional traits in the infratentorial region, which in our experience are not frequently found in cerebrovascular pathology. We evaluated MR brain scans of 68 patients and found pontine lesions in 71% of cases with a clinically definite diagnosis (17 out of 24) and in 33% of cases with a probable diagnosis (14 out of 43). Lesions in the medulla oblongata were present in 50% and 16%, respectively, and in the midbrain in 25% and 7%, respectively. With rare exceptions all brainstem lesions were contiguous with the cisternal or ventricular cerebrospinal fluid spaces. In keeping with post-mortem reports the morphological spectrum ranged from large confluent patches to solitary, well delineated paramedian lesions or discrete linings of the cerebrospinal fluid border zones and were most clearly depicted form horizontal and sagittal T2 weighted SE-sequences. If there is a predilection for the outer or inner surfaces of the brainstem, such lesions can be considered an additional typical feature of multiple sclerosis and can be more reliably weighted as paraclinical evidence for a definite diagnosis.

Brain Stem↗
PubMed1987

[MR effects of x-ray contrast media].

Although Pantopaque has now been widely replaced by water-soluble contrast media for intrathecal application, retained residuals of oily contrast media are still a very common finding. Whereas other contrast media, e.g. barium in the GI tract, are inert in magnetic resonance imaging, the signal behaviour of Pantopaque may lead to false interpretations. Similar to fat, the T1 and T2 relaxation times of Pantopaque are short. Conventional radiographs of the spine are recommended in patients with intradural MRI findings similar to fat in case of previous myelography.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed1987

Tongue cancer. Sonographic assessment of tumor stage.

In an effort to improve preoperative evaluation of tumors of the tongue, a prospective study on the value of ultrasound (US) for the staging of 50 surgically proven cancers of the tongue and floor of mouth was performed. Sonography was correlated with clinical staging and surgical outcome. Real-time high-frequency transducers and an echo-free silicone interface were used. The dorsal and middle thirds of the tongue were scanned from a submental access and the tip of the tongue directly. US accurately defined tumor sizes and locations in all cases. US staged cancers correctly in all cases but one. In contrast, clinical staging was correct in only 66% of cases. Surgically relevant details, such as crossing of the midline of the tongue or infiltration of the lateral pharyngeal wall, were detected with US. The major limitations of US include the nonvisualization of the epiglottis and retropharyngeal space as well as bone infiltration.

Female↗
PubMed1987

[Magnetic resonance tomography in the diagnosis of cerebral space occupying lesions].

197 primary and secondary cerebral tumours as well as tumour-like lesions are described. T2 and T1-weighted images were obtained. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers advantages in localisation and tissue characterisation. Localisation is improved by the ability to obtain axial, coronal or sagittal images and by the absence of artifacts due to bone in lesions in the posterior fossa. A significant advantage is the excellent contrast resolution of soft tissue. On the basis of our experience, we present an overview of the most common brain tumours using MRI.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1987

[Surface coils in magnetic resonance diagnosis of spinal space-occupying lesions].

190 patients underwent MRI of the spine. In 119 cases pathological changes were detected. 82 of these were located in the extradural compartment, 14 were found in the intradural-extramedullary space and 23 were situated inside the myelon. Routinely, spin echo sequence were performed in sagittal direction (T1-weighted images as well as T2-weighted images), in about 20% combined with transverse sections. All patients were investigated using surface coils of 20 X 40 or 15 X 45 cm; Using a field of view of 350 mm, spatial resolution was 1.3 mm per pixel. The quality of images obtained in this way was clearly superior to techniques using the body coil.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

[Realtime sonography in the diagnosis and follow-up of malignant tongue tumors. II. Detection and staging].

92 sonographic examinations performed in 62 patients were evaluated to determine the possible application of sonography in the diagnosis and follow-up of malignant tumours of the tongue. Squamous cell carcinomas were by far dominant and proved to be hypoechoic, mainly inhomogeneous and ill-defined masses. In most cases, they ranged between 2 and 4 cm. in diameter. In 50% of the lesions an infiltration of the pharynx wall was confirmed, and exulcerations were correctly detected by sonography in 75%. In preoperative determination of the size of the tumour, sonography correctly detected the size in 93% of the cases and was thus markedly superior to the clinical palpatory examination, which determined a mere 43% correctly. Sonography should be included in the pretherapeutic staging of tumours of the tongue to objectify the clinical findings. It is also adequate to document tumour behaviour during radiation.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Sonoanatomy of the shoulder.

With the aid of ultrasound we tried to visualize the muscles of the shoulder region, the collum scapulae, the axillary artery and vein and the brachial plexus. We were successful with exception of the vessels and the nerves. Knowledge of the anatomical landmarks is essential in ultrasound image reading.

Axillary Artery↗
PubMed1986

Sonography of the tongue and floor of mouth. Part I: Anatomy.

Normal structures of the tongue and floor of the mouth were studied using anatomic sections cut with a stainless steel band saw. The sections were performed on the same planes as used in US and CT scanning. The ultrasound studies were carried out with 20 young and healthy volunteers. CT images were obtained from head-neck preparations that were subsequently used for anatomic sectioning. On comparing these sections to US and CT images, normal structures including intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles, vessels and salivary glands were identified. Knowledge of the anatomic landmarks is mandatory for optimal US image reading.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Sonography of the tongue and floor of mouth. Part II: Neoplasms of the tongue.

Frequently, correct evaluation of space-occupying lesions in the tongue is not possible with clinical methods only. In an attempt to assess the value of sonography in the detection of tongue lesions, we used submental sonography to examine 62 patients with suspicious palpatory findings upon physical examination of the tongue. Ultrasound detected 45 out of 47 tumours that were eventually confirmed either by surgery or by biopsy. Inadequate technique was the only factor that affected the detection rate. Sonography appears to be a reasonable guide in determining size and site of a tumour of the tongue. Thus, more precision in therapy planning may be achieved.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Sonography of the tongue and floor of mouth.

The study about the sonoanatomy of the tongue and the floor of the mouth was undertaken with 20 volunteers. A description of the examination technique is given in comparison with computerized tomography. It is pointed out that it is easier to adjust the section planes optimally to the anatomical situation with ultrasound. This examination technique is noninvasive and easy to do. It is comfortable for the patient and can be repeated frequently, for example it allows a follow-up of cancer patients. Finally--this technique is cheap and can be performed at any given place.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Evaluation of real-time sonography in the pretherapeutic staging of malignant tumors of the tongue and mouth floor].

Based on our three years experience with about 200 transcutaneous real-time sonographies of the tongue and the floor of mouth, an assessment of the determination of size and site of 38 pretherapeutically examined malignant tumours (35 squamous cell carcinomas) was made. The patients were examined in reclined position, the head retroflected. Curved array transducers of 5 or 7.5 MHz and a silicon elastomer block as interface turned out to be optimal. All tumours could be detected by sonography as hypoechoic, more or less homogeneous, ill-defined areas. Two thirds of the tumour ulcerations could be seen as hard hyperechoic reflexes within the hypoechoic areas. When comparing the maximal diameter of tumours of the 20 operated patients, we found an agreement (5 mm tolerance) of sonography with the surgical specimen in 14 of 20 tumours (70%), of sonography with the clinically estimated diameter in 10 of 20 tumours (50%), whereas the clinically estimated diameter was in agreement with the surgical specimen in only 8 of 20 tumours (40%). A peritumoral inflammatory infiltration can simulate a larger tumour size in sonography. The extent of tumours within the tongue, to the floor of mouth, the lateral pharyngeal wall and the preepiglottic space was documented correctly in most cases. In three cases a previously unknown spread across the midline was found sonographically. Including the sonographic findings in the TNM classification, 5 T1 tumours would have been staged as T2 and one T3 tumour as T4. Inflammatory diseases of the tongue can show the same sonomorphology as malignant tumours.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Computerized tomography (CT) and nuclear magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) in the diagnosis of liver metastasis].

Sonography and computer-tomography (CT) are the "gold-standard" in the imaging of liver-metastasis larger than 1 to 2 cm in diameter (overall-accuracy: greater than 90%). The magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) also allows the imaging of liver-metastasis due to the different relaxation-times of normal liver-tissue and metastasis. In agreement with other authors MRT shows an almost equal accuracy in the diagnosis of liver-metastasis as CT (16 patients, average age 58 years). The significantly reduced detail-resolution of MRT in comparison with CT is overcome by the gain in contrast-resolution. The smaller imaging extent in MRT is disadvantageous in the evidence of pleural effusions, bone-metastasis or lymph-node enlargements. A pathognomic differential-diagnosis of liver-metastasis by MRT is impossible. In the near future MRT of liver-metastasis can be improved by "flash"-images and may replace CT. On the other hand screening for liver-metastasis with sonography is unchallenged by MRT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Ultrasound guided puncture of wall fixed intrathoracic processes].

To improve differentiation of intrathoracic lesions in the vicinity of the chest wall, 167 patients were investigated via sonography. In the case of an indication the lesions were punctured, assisted by sonography. Sonography proved helpful in differentiating between liquid and solid masses and in localising the spot for puncture resulting in the successful removal of material for cytologic analysis in all our cases without any complications. The results of the study are presented, and the sonographic morphology is shown.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1985

[Real-time sonography in the diagnosis and follow-up of malignant tongue tumors. I. Anatomic basis].

Normal structures of the tongue and floor of the mouth were studied using anatomic sections cut with a stainless steel band saw. The sections were performed on the same planes as used in US and CT scanning. The ultrasound studies were carried out with 20 young and healthy volunteers. CT images were obtained from head/neck preparations that were subsequently used for anatomic sectioning. On comparing these sections to US and CT images, normal structures including intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles, vessels and salivary glands were identified. Knowledge of the anatomic landmarks is mandatory for optimal US image reading.

Adolescent↗