Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Munakata

Publications and source records attributed to A Munakata.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Prophylactic oral antibiotics in urethral instrumentation].

Between July 1990 and December 1992, the incidence of infection after 1,249 urethral manipulations on patients, who had no urinary infection before the manipulation, was studied. Infections developed in 21 patients (1.7%). The prophylactic 3-day antimicrobial medication reduced the development of infection to 5/790 (0.6%), in contrast to 16/459 (3.5%) among patients who did not take the prophylactic antimicrobial (P = 0.0004). Of the procedures studied, urethral dilation with sounds and retrograde urethrography were not so dangerous as cystoscopic examination. After cystoscopic examinations, 5 (1.4%) out of 347 males with prophylactic antimicrobial developed infection, although none of the prophylacted 135 females developed infection. Elderly persons had greater risk of developing the infection. The most disastrous bacteria was P. aeruginosa.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

[Effects of ileal perfusion of carbohydrates on upper GI motility and pancreatic exocrine secretion].

The aim of this study was to determine if upper gut function and pancreatic exocrine secretion are affected by the presence of unabsorbed carbohydrate in the distal ileum. In this investigation, starch or glucose was perfused into the canine ileum. This study showed that ileal perfusion of both starch and glucose delayed gastric emptying and prolonged small bowel transit time. Furthermore, glucose had greater effects on gastrointestinal transit time than starch. In contrast, amylase output was increased by ileal perfusion of starch, but was not affected by that of glucose. Our results suggest that the ileal regulation of gastrointestinal transit and amylase output could be mediated by different mechanisms.

Amylases↗
PubMed1993

pH profile of esophagus in patients with inlet patch of heterotopic gastric mucosa after tetragastrin stimulation. An endoscopic approach.

In a series of 1771 endoscopic examinations from 1988 to 1990, we observed 62 cases (3.3%) of inlet patch of heterotopic gastric mucosa (IPHGM) in the upper esophagus. Ten of the IPHGM patients complained of throat discomfort or globus sensation, and these symptoms were relieved by histamine H2-antagonists, suggesting that these symptoms could be caused by acid secretion from IPHGM. Acidity under tetragastrin stimulation was measured in the esophagus and compared with the pool of gastric juice and saliva under direct vision by a newly devised endoscopic method. Congo red staining was also carried out after pH measurement. Significant pH reduction at IPHGM was observed in three cases, and black coloration with Congo red staining in the IPHGM was observed in four cases. These findings suggest that IPHGM is a mucosal change with latent acid secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Epidemiological evaluation of colonic diverticulosis and dietary fiber in Japan.

The incidence of colonic diverticulosis was examined in 5 hospitals geographically isolated from each other in Japan during the period between mid '70s and 1986. The incidence rapidly increased in all hospitals from 3.5-9.0% in mid '70s and 8.4-23.2% in 1986. The ratio of right-sided type colonic diverticulosis was approximately 70-80% in each hospital and the ratio did not fluctuate significantly during the period. Birth cohort analysis revealed that although the incidence of right-sided diverticula had increased with aging, in groups born in more recent decades right-sided diverticula appeared in younger age than other groups. It was suggested that environmental factors rather than congenital factors may cause the increase of the incidence of right-sided colon diverticula.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Renal lymphoma. Report of 2 cases and review of the literature].

Two cases of renal lymphoma were reported. Case 1 was a 73-year-old, and case 2 was a 59-year-old female. Their chief complaint was flank pain. The findings obtained by CT and angiography were not compatible with renal cancer. The tentative diagnosis of case 1 was inflammatory disease or soft tissue tumor, and that of case 2 was renal subcapsular tumor. Histological specimen was obtained by open biopsy from case 1, and by nephrectomy from case 2. Immunohistochemical surface marker study revealed both tumors were B cell lymphoma. Chemotherapy (CHOP-Bleo, or PPA) in both cases and additional radiotherapy in case 2 markedly reduced the tumor size. Nevertheless, case 1 died 5 months later from recurrence, and case 2 died 14 months later of gastrointestinal bleeding. At autopsy, the renal subcapsular layer was infiltrated by lymphoma cells in both cases, and lymphadenopathy was not observed. Reviewing 16 cases previously reported as renal lymphoma, the capsular or subcapsular diffuse infiltration to the kidney is considered to be a characteristic feature of renal lymphoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Multifactorial analysis of the pyuria after transurethral prostatectomy].

Multifactorial analysis on 395 patients revealed important factors which prolong the pyuria after transurethral prostatectomy. They were the age of the patient, anemia and leukocytosis before surgery. These are factors which relate with the defense mechanism of the patient. Local factors, such as the duration of indwelling urethral catheter, the size of the prostate or prostatic bed and preoperative infection, were not so important for prolonging the pyuria after transurethral prostatectomy. The time of the resection and weight of the prostate had an intimate relation each other, and the former was the more important factor. The use of antimicrobials probably controlled these local risk factors, thus making them unimportant in the prolongation of the pyuria after transurethral prostatectomy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

[Flow cytometric analysis of DNA aneuploidy in adrenal tumors].

Nuclear DNA content of paraffin-embedded tissue from 38 adrenal neoplasms and 9 histologically normal adrenal glands was analyzed using flow cytometry. Histological diagnosis of thirty-eight adrenal neoplasms were 3 adrenocortical carcinomas, 20 adrenocortical adenomas and 15 pheochromocytomas. In 33 cases (87%) of the 38 tumors the determination of DNA ploidy was possible. All 9 control specimens showed DNA diploid pattern in DNA histogram. In adrenocortical neoplasms the incidence of DNA aneuploidy was 0% (0 of 17) in adenomas and 100% (2 of 2) in carcinomas. All 17 adrenocortical adenomas which showed DNA diploid pattern are clinically benign. On the other hand, both 2 cases of adrenocortical carcinoma which showed DNA aneuploidy died within 1 year. These data suggest that DNA aneuploidy may be useful as a prognostic factor in adrenocortical neoplasm. With regard to pheochromocytoma, DNA aneuploidy was detected in 4 of 14 patients (29%). However, all 14 cases were clinically benign. In pheochromocytoma DNA aneuploidy was not found to be correlated with prognosis.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

Left renal haematuria by compression of an unusual vein.

A 55-year-old female had an episode of massive haematuria. An abnormal venous branch was under compression just before it joined a persisting left inferior vena cava. The main renal vein was not occluded and peri-ureteral varices had not been formed. Although it is a complicated anomaly which has not been reported, a variety of venous abnormalities might be responsible for unexplained renal haematuria.

Constriction, Pathologic↗
PubMed1991

Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome with disseminated intravascular coagulation and thrombocytopenia: successful treatment with high-dose intravenous gammaglobulin.

A 63-year-old woman was diagnosed as having blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Hematological data showed typical DIC: PT 13.2 sec, activated PTT 55.3 sec, fibrinogen 20 mg/100 ml, FDP-E 928 ng/ml, D-dimer 3,477 ng/ml, platelet count 25 x 10(3)/microliters. Although hypofibrinogenemia was successfully controlled by the continuous infusion of heparin, 10,000 units/day, thrombocytopenia has continued. Based on shortened platelet life span, high level of platelet associated IgG, and increased number of megakaryocyte in the bone marrow, the thrombocytopenia was thought to be due to antiplatelet antibody. Her platelet count returned to normal after intravenous infusion of high-dose gamma globulin (IVIg, Sandoz) at the dose of 400 mg/kg for 2-5 days, while corticosteroid, Gabexate mesilate, synthetic thrombin inhibitor MD-805, urinastatin and warfarin had no effect. Thus, DIC or thrombocytopenia may become a serious complication in some patients with BRBNS and IVIg may be useful for correcting thrombocytopenia in the patient.

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation↗
PubMed1991

[Histological effects of hormono-chemotherapy on prostatic cancer].

Using new criteria for histological effects of anti-cancer treatment, the effects of hormono-chemotherapy on 10 patients with prostatic cancer not previously treated were compared with those on 10 patients who received conventional hormone therapy. Marked effects were observed in 4 (40%) patients received hormono-chemotherapy but not observed in patients who received conventional hormone therapy (chi 2 test, p less than 0.05). All four cases who showed marked effects were in stage B at the beginning of treatment. Hormonal effects were more obvious in well differentiated cancer, and the effects of chemotherapy were observed in some cases with moderately and poorly differentiated cancer. Therefore, the addition of chemotherapy is recommended as the initial therapy on prostatic cancer to reduce the relapsing rate, especially for patients with poorly and moderately differentiated cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[Gram-positive cocci in the urinary tract. Do they influence the postoperative course of transurethral prostatectomy?].

The influence of gram-positive cocci on the postoperative course of transurethral prostatectomy was analysed on 463 patients. The half of isolated cocci was Enterococcus, followed by S. epidermidis and S. aureus. The rates of postoperative urinary infection by gram-negative bacilli were nearly the same for patients with preoperative gram-positive cocci infection and those without any of bacteria (3/79 vs. 9/310). Patients who developed new infection with gram-negative bacilli had fever, in contrast to patients with new gram-positive cocci infection. Gram-positive cocci prolonged the postoperative pyuria but not so long as gram-negative bacilli. All these findings suggest that infection caused by gram-positive cocci is not so severe as that caused by gram-negative bacilli.

Enterococcus↗
PubMed1991

[A phase II study of SM-5887 for advanced gastric cancer].

A phase II clinical trial of SM-5887, a new totally synthesized anthracycline derivative, was carried out in 13 patients with inoperable or recurrent gastric cancer. No patient had been given anthracycline previously. SM-5887 was administered by I.V. bolus with a dose of 100 mg/m2 every three weeks. Twelve of 13 cases were eligible and evaluable for the response. Of the 12 evaluated cases, 6 showed no change (NC), including one minor response (MR). The remaining 6 cases showed progressive disease (PD). Adverse effects were relatively mild in most cases and included anemia, leukocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, nausea/vomiting, phlebitis, hair loss and fever. Among them, leukocytopenia was observed most frequently.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Concentration of 5-fluorouracil in renal cells from cancer patients administered a mixture of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil and uracil.

The concentrations of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and related compounds were studied in tissues including renal cells removed from 27 cancer patients, to whom UFT (a mixture of uracil and tegafur in a molecular ratio of 4:1) was administered orally over 5 days. The level of 5-FU in cancer tissue was two-fold that of the normal kidney (87 +/- 79 ng/g vs. 38 +/- 29 ng/g, p less than 0.005), with almost the same level of tegafur. The serum 5-FU level was as low as 4 ng/ml. These results confirm the high efficiency of UFT with minimal side-effects compared to tegafur.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗