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Biomedical subjects

A Muller

Publications and source records attributed to A Muller.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Analgesia with an implanted device for repetitive intrathecal injections of morphine].

The use of intraspinal narcotics has been widely accepted as pain relief treatment for intractable cancer pain. Intraspinal low doses of morphine induce a potent selective long lasting analgesia. To avoid repetitive lumbar puncture, a drug delivery device was surgically implanted in 41 patients. The surgical procedure is described. The mean amount of morphine needed was 1.48 +/- 0.25 mg per day at time of surgery, rising to 6.86 +/- 1.47 mg per day after a mean survival time of 65 days. Tolerance became a major problem in 18 patients, which nearly all were selected at a late disease stage and previously received narcotics for pain relief. However, no clear-cut prognostic factor had a predictive value for the appearance of tolerance. In some cases, it could be successfully treated by intraspinal injection of local anaesthetics or clonidine. CSF leakage was noted in 11 patients; this was a challenge for us, as no other authors reported such a high rate for this complication. Aseptic meningitis was noted three times. In all cases but one, the symptoms resolved with appropriate treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Parvovirus (serum-parvovirus-like-virus) and Aurillac antigen. A study of 18 cases].

Two cases of parvovirus viraemia were observed in 1972 by screening of blood donors for HBs Ag by counter-electrophoresis. This virus was named "Aurillac" from the town in which the first case originated. In London, a virus found in the same circumstances in 1975, was found identical to the Aurillac Ag. The authors named it "serum parvovirus-like virus" (SPLV) or parvovirus B 19. Since 1972, 16 additional cases have been observed in Paris. Among these 18 cases, 11 were blood donors, 4 were hospital staff and 3 were patients. Second serum samples were available for 13 of the 18 cases. Seroconversion has been detected in all except one, a patient with lymphosarcoma. Antibody could be observed within few days. Anti-Aurillac antibody was found by CEP in 25,3% of blood donors. Examination of antigen positive sera by immune electron microscopy using a late serum sample showed aggregates of spherical particles measuring 20 nm in diameter. The antigen banded in caesium chloride at a density of 1.38. Ten of the 15 healthy adults could be interviewed: 7 appeared symptomless, 1 had a fever up to 39 degrees C for one day, 2 had erythema (as well as 3 subjects who had been in contact with these 2 persons). These cases are discussed and compared to the British literature showing that this virus could provoke the fifth disease or erythema infectiosum and aplastic crisis in chronic hemolytic syndromes. This virus could contaminate clotting factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Clinical use in adults of 2 new muscle relaxants: atracurium and vecuronium].

115 general and urologic surgery adult patients, ASA class I-II, were divided in four groups according to initial bolus and relaxant used: group A atracurium 0.6 mg X kg-1, group B 0.5 mg X kg-1, group C vecuronium 0.1 mg X kg-1 and group D pancuronium 0.1 mg X kg-1. When the single twitch recovered to 25% of control height (T25), subgroups were individualized depending on whether repeat doses of 1/3 of initial bolus were given or not, and whether reversal was spontaneous or obtained by a standard dose of neostigmine 2.5 mg and atropine 1.25 mg. By ulnar nerve stimulation at the wrist, the force of thumb adduction was recorded on a polygraph; single twitch (tw), train of four (tof) and ratio tof 4/1 (Rtof) were measured. Anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone and fentanyl without premedication and maintained with fentanyl and N2O in oxygen; the trachea was intubated once the block was at its maximum. The onset time of maximal block was 5 min for groups A, B and C, and 7.9 min for group D. T25 was 39.9 +/- 8.5 min for group A, 34.4 +/- 9.7 min for group B, 28.9 +/- 9.9 min for group C and 70.7 +/- 25.9 min for group D. A Rtof equal to 75% was achieved in less than 65 min with atracurium and vecuronium, but much later with pancuronium. Reversal at T25 was efficient, but not really required, for atracurium and vecuronium, but necessary and useful for pancuronium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Willingness to pay for reduction in fatality risk: an exploratory survey.

Willingness to pay surveys represent one method for measuring the benefit of health and life saving programs. However, the reliability and validity of survey responses to questions concerning the reduction of fatality or injury risks have been questioned. The results of a survey of 77 senior year undergraduate students show that reasonable appearing and consistent responses to willingness to pay questions on car crash protection can be obtained. However, the implied value of life was over 100 times greater for an unidentified life than for the respondent's own life. Also, no relationship was found between willingness to pay responses and variables reflecting respondent's rational considerations. These paradoxical results seem to be due to the mistaken assumptions that people employ rational considerations when responding to willingness to pay questions and that they are capable of matching their responses with the functional relationship (proportionality) underlying implied value of life calculations.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1983

[Automation of immunohematologic testing activities at French blood transfusion centers].

In May 1982, a questionnaire was sent to all of the 170 French Blood Transfusion Services (BTS), on behalf of the French Society of Blood Transfusion. The purpose was to determine the types of automated equipment used for immunohematological controls, the way in which they are used and the result of automation and computerization in daily laboratory operations. We received 135 replies (80%). A generalized conclusion can be drawn from the collected information. 50% of the respondents are neither automated nor computerized. 30% are both automated and computerized. 10% are automated but not computerized and 8% are not automated but are computerized. In the field of automated serology there is an increased tendency to complete the ABO/Rh testing by Cc D Ee and Kell phenotyping. The use of computers allows the current test determination to be compared with previous donation data. However, no fully automated equipment, which can conduct antibody screening, exists, cost effectively, in small or average BTS. In France, there has been a significant increase in automation between 1970 and 1980 but only the most important BTS have carried out automation at the same time as computerization. The smaller BTS have usually become automated without becoming computerized. In 1978, Codabar was first used. This has been one of the principal advances of the last 10 years, allowing all the users of automation to start moving towards complete computerization. This advance was assisted by the use of prepackaged software. This questionnaire also determined that the current emphasis is now to computerize administrative and management activities before laboratory activities. This survey has been conducted during a turning point of the automation of French BTS. It shows that they are, on the whole, satisfied with their automation. As far as the safety and the efficiency of the service are concerned, it is only fair to consider that the main purposes of the automation have been achieved. But in terms of cost, and serological accuracy for antibody screening, a new generation of automated equipment should appear to satisfy the users in the nineties.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1982

Large scale detection of IgA deficient blood donors.

An automated technique using passive haemagglutination inhibition was developed on Groupamatic equipment for the screening of IgA deficient blood donors. Positive controls were also assayed by a manual haemagglutination inhibition test and solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Fourty-two blood donors totally deficient in IgA were detected in the systematic screening of 108,000 blood samples. Thirty-three were partially deficient and 2 other blood donors had an associated anti-IgA class-specific antibody. These donors now belong to a national panel of IgA deficient blood donors and their blood is used for the preparation of various IgA deficient blood components.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1982

An evaluation of the effectiveness of motor cycle daytime headlight laws.

Currently, 17 states mandate the daytime use of motorcycle headlights. The purpose of these laws is to make the motorcyclists more conspicuous and reduce the number of daytime multi-vehicle collisions. The effectiveness of the laws is examined by comparing the proportion of daytime fatal, front, and side-angle collisions between states with and without such laws. The comparison is based on all motorcycle fatalities recorded by NHTSA for the years 1975-80. The analysis shows no statistically significant difference between states with and without such laws, suggesting that daytime headlight laws are ineffective. Several explanations of this negative finding are explored.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1982

H-deficient blood groups ( Bombay) of Reunion Island.

Forty-two H-deficient individuals (lacking H antigen on erythrocytes) with anti-H in their sera were found on Reunion Island. A, B, and AB Bombay subjects had small but detectable amounts of A and/or B antigens on erythrocytes. All the H-deficient phenotypes tested were nonsecretors of ABH in their saliva, and one-third were Lewis negative. Fifty-three of the 108 (49%) unaffected members in the 14 Bombay pedigrees analyzed were se/se, showing that the families were selected for the nonsecretor trait, and suggesting that the Bombay probands used to select the families have se/se genotype. In accordance with this concept, all the children from Bombay nonsecretor x unaffected nonsecretor matings were se/se. Segregation of H and Se is compatible with the genetic model proposing that Se and H are closely linked structural genes, and the analysis of the present and previously published Bombay pedigrees strongly supports this model.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1981

A manual semi-micro method for quantitation of haemagglutination.

A manual semi-micro method for quantitation of haemagglutination is described. It appears to be of wide use for most agglutination reactions usually performed in test tube, including Coombs-test. It is easy to handle and requires the usual equipment of an immunohaematological laboratory. The accuracy obtained for quantitation of antibody concentrations is similar to that of the auto-analyser.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1981

Red blood cell antibody screening with groupamatic system. II. A two-step haemagglutination technique using a trypsin-polybren-citrate method.

The trypsin-polybren-citrate (TPC) technique is based on Lalezari's method and has been developed in the Groupamatic equipment to allow the screening of irregular allo-antibodies which are not detectable on this machine by the present routine techniques. TPC screening has two main advantages: it gives more reliable results for Rh, Kell, Lewis and P antibodies than bromelin-methyl-cellulose, and it permits the screening of Duffy and Kidd antibodies, However, although the TPC technique contributes to an improved quality of the automated screening of blood donor samples, it should not be used as the only method when recipient samples are concerned.

Antibodies↗