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Biomedical subjects

A Morikawa

Publications and source records attributed to A Morikawa.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness in younger children with asthma.

We have previously reported a new technique of evaluating bronchial responsiveness by monitoring the transcutaneous oxygen pressure (tcPO2). This method is so simple, painless, and effortless with high reproducibility that it is possible to use the technique on children as young as 2 years old. Consequently, we used this method to study bronchial hyperresponsiveness in 141 children with asthma and 46 disease controls without asthma or chronic respiratory disorder. The bronchial responsiveness in asthmatic children aged 2 to 5 years was higher than in the disease controls (P less than .001). Further, bronchial responsiveness was significantly higher in moderately as opposed to minimally affected asthmatics (P less than .01), and was gradually higher according to clinical severity. In other age groups as well, the bronchial responsiveness of asthmatic children was higher than of disease controls. There was a close relationship between the level of increased bronchial responsiveness and the clinical severity of asthmatic children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Increased frequency of apolipoprotein epsilon 4 allele in type II diabetes with hypercholesterolemia.

The apolipoprotein E (apoE) phenotype and allele frequencies were examined in type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with normolipidemia (n = 134) and hypercholesterolemia (type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia, n = 35; type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia, n = 42). The frequencies of apoE4-present phenotypes (apoE4/3, apoE4/4, and apoE4/2) were highest in the type IIa group (51.4%), followed by the type IIb group (38.1%) and the normolipidemic group (16.4%), respectively, whereas the frequency of the most common phenotype, apoE3/3, was lowest in the type IIa group (48.6%), followed by the type IIb group (61.9%) and the normolipidemic group (79.9%), respectively. There were significant differences in the apoE phenotype frequencies between the normolipidemic group and the type IIa and IIb groups. The frequency of the epsilon 4 allele was significantly higher in the type IIa (28.6%) and IIb (20.2%) groups than in the normolipidemic group (8.9%), whereas the frequency of the epsilon 3 allele was significantly lower in the type IIa (71.4%) and IIb (78.6%) groups than in the normolipidemic group (89.2%). The frequency of the epsilon 2 allele tended to be lower in diabetic patients with hypercholesterolemia. In addition, these frequencies were also examined in nondiabetic subjects (n = 59). The frequency of the epsilon 4 allele tended to be higher in hypercholesterolemic diabetic subjects (24.1%) than in hypercholesterolemic nondiabetic subjects (15.3%). These data suggest that diabetic patients with the epsilon 4 allele may be more susceptible to hypercholesterolemia than diabetic patients without the epsilon 4 allele and possibly nondiabetic subjects with the epsilon 4 allele, although the underlying mechanism is unknown.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children with atopic and nonatopic asthma.

We have studied the bronchial hyperresponsiveness of children with atopic and nonatopic asthma by methacholine inhalation challenge, using a new device, the "Astograph." Three parameters, initial respiratory resistance (Rrs cont), bronchial sensitivity (Dmin), and bronchial reactivity (St), were studied. The Rrs cont values of atopic asthma were higher than those of the disease controls (p less than 0.05), while there was no difference between nonatopic asthma and disease controls. The Dmin values of atopic and nonatopic asthma were lower than those of disease controls (p less than 0.001; p less than 0.01). The St values of atopic and nonatopic asthma were higher than those of disease controls (p less than 0.001; p less than 0.01). There was no difference of Rrs cont and Dmin between the children with atopic and nonatopic asthma. However, St of the children with nonatopic asthma was remarkably higher than that of the children with atopic asthma (p less than 0.001). These data suggested that there was a remarkable difference of bronchial response to methacholine between the children with atopic asthma and those with nonatopic asthma.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1986

Apolipoprotein E phenotypes and plasma lipids in young and middle-aged subjects.

The relationship between apolipoprotein (apo) E phenotypes and the levels of plasma lipid, lipoprotein and apo E in young (mean, 21 years of age) and middle-aged (mean, 49 years of age) subjects was investigated. Apo E phenotypes were determined by a rapid flat gel isoelectric focusing method that we had developed previously. Young subjects with apo E3/2 and E4/3 had significantly higher levels of plasma triglyceride (TG), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG and VLDL-cholesterol than those with apo E3/3. Middle-aged subjects with apo E3/2 (54.5%) and E4/3 (39.1%) had higher frequency of hyperlipoproteinemia (mainly type IV) than those with apo E3/3 (25.8%). Furthermore, the middle-aged subjects with apo E3/2 had significantly higher levels of plasma TG, VLDL-TG and apo E, and significantly lower levels of plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol than those with apo E3/3. These results indicate that apo E phenotype E3/2 and E4/3 are associated with lipid abnormalities even in young subjects, which may be caused by impaired functions of apo E2 and E4.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and hyperlipemia in type II diabetics.

The relationship between apolipoprotein E (apoE) polymorphism and plasma lipids and hyperlipemia was investigated in 105 male type II diabetics and 111 male nondiabetics. ApoE phenotypes were determined by a one-dimensional rapid flat gel isoelectric focusing method as described previously. The apoE phenotype frequency in diabetics was similar to that in nondiabetics. The frequency of hyperlipemia was higher in diabetics (56.2%) than in nondiabetics (32.4%). It was highest in the apoE3/2 group of diabetics and nondiabetics, followed by the apoE4/3 and apoE3/3 groups in the order described, indicating that the susceptibility to hyperlipemia differs among the apoE phenotype groups. ApoE3/2 diabetics had significantly higher levels of apoE and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol (chol)/VLDL triglyceride (TG) ratios than apoE3/3 diabetics. The effects of diabetes mellitus on plasma lipid levels differed among the various apoE phenotype groups: i.e., plasma total chol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) chol increased only in apoE3/2 and apoE4/3 diabetics and plasma high-density lipoprotein chol decreased only in apoE3/3 diabetics, as compared with the corresponding apoE phenotype groups of nondiabetics, whereas plasma TG, VLDL TG, and VLDL chol increased in the three apoE phenotype diabetics. Furthermore, an increase of apoEII:apoEIII ratio was observed in apoE3/3 diabetics, particularly in those with hypertriglyceridemia. This study has also shown that the increased apoEII:apoEIII ratio is due to increased sialation of apoE based on the study of sialidase digestion of apo VLDL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Insulin and glucagon response of the diabetic Chinese hamster in the Asahikawa colony.

The relationship between pancreatic hormone content and pattern of hormone release has not been completely elucidated because of heterogeneity in diabetes. Accordingly, this study was performed to establish the relationship, using spontaneously diabetic Chinese hamsters in the Asahikawa colony, a newly discovered experimental model resembling insulin-deficient diabetes in humans. As a result of investigations of insulin and glucagon responses to glucose or arginine in vivo and in vitro using isolated islets obtained by the collagenase procedure, a decreased insulin response and paradoxical glucagon response to glucose, and an excessive glucagon response to arginine were found in the diabetic animals. While the yield of isolated islets tended to decrease, a decreased pancreatic insulin content and increased pancreatic glucagon content were found as the diabetic state advanced. It may be suggested, therefore, that the relationship between pancreatic hormone content and pattern of hormone release in diabetic animals in the Asahikawa colony is based on the disruption of islets, disruption or dysfunction of B-cells and hyperplasia or hypertrophy of A-cells by some cause genetically determined.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effect of inhaled procaterol hydrochloride in children with bronchial asthma, with particular reference to duration of effect.

This double-blind crossover trial evaluated the prolonged clinical effect of procaterol inhaled in a dose of 10 micrograms by nine asthmatic children with mild and stable respiratory disturbance. To compare procaterol with the placebo administered with a pressurized metered-dose inhaler 48 hr before or after procaterol, FVC, FEV1, V50, and V25 were followed up for 10 hr. FVC did not indicate a significant difference between the two treatments, while FEV1, V50, and V25 showed significantly greater changes after procaterol administration. The duration of action of procaterol in terms of FEV1, V50, and V25 was 6, 10, and 4 hr, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Beat-to-beat variation of the heart rate in children with allergic asthma.

Beat-to-beat variation of the heart rate in 53 allergic asthmatic children was quantitatively measured as a coefficient of variation of the R-R interval (CVR-R), and was compared with that of 284 nonallergic and 47 allergic children without asthma. Allergic children both with and without asthma had significantly higher mean CVR-R values (7.08 +/- 1.87 and 7.54 +/- 2.40 and p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001, respectively) than those of non-allergic children (6.32 +/- 1.88). These results confirm the previous reports that the increased cholinergic tone was related to the allergic state and not only to allergic asthma.

Asthma↗
PubMed1985

Hyperresponsiveness of cough receptors in patients with bronchial asthma.

The hyperresponsiveness of cough receptors was evaluated using the acetic acid inhalation test in healthy adults, patients with bronchial asthma, and children with or without cough. The concentration of acetic acid inducing cough was more than 20% in all 16 healthy adults and 18 children in the control group. There were two groups of asthmatic patients: Those in group 1 showed normal response to more than 20% acetic acid (n = 46), and those in group 2 showed a sensitive reaction to less than 10% (n = 11). Mean age was 9.0 +/- 4.2 years in group 1 and 15.1 +/- 7.6 years in group 2 (statistical significance, P less than .001). Six of 11 asthmatic patients in group 2 were classified as nonallergic asthmatics, whereas only five of 46 patients in group 1 were nonallergic (P less than .01). Bronchoconstriction was not induced in any case, in spite of the production of cough. It is suggested that the hyperresponsiveness of individual cough receptors without the stimulation of irritant receptors be evaluated.

Acetates↗
PubMed1985

Simple and rapid estimation of serum theophylline concentration using apoenzyme reactivation immunoassay.

Theophylline concentration was measured by the apoenzyme reactivation immunoassay system using the Seralyzer system. The results were compared with those obtained employing high performance liquid chromatography and substrate-labelled fluorescent immunoassay. The results obtained by the above three methods were quite compatible with each other. Furthermore, the capillary method was quite compatible with the venous method which is useful for frequent measurement of theophylline concentrations, especially in children with asthma.

Apoenzymes↗