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Biomedical subjects

A Morikawa

Publications and source records attributed to A Morikawa.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Heterogeneity of urinary albumin from diabetic patients.

A fundamental cause of diabetic microalbuminuria, heterogeneity of normal and diabetic urinary albumin was shown by affinity chromatography on Cibacron Blue F3GA. By changing the properties of interaction with the matrix, the protein was separated into six fractions. Samples of urinary albumin from proteinuria patients showed the same elution profiles as those of serum albumin, whereas those from controls or normoalbuminuria diabetic patients exhibited different elution patterns. The relative percentage of the resin unbound fraction of urinary albumin was ten or more times higher than that of serum albumin, and the ratio decreased with increasing albumin excretion into urine. More than 6 mol fatty acid/mol albumin combined with the unbound fraction. It is suggested that microalbumin excretion into urine is the result of excessive unesterified fatty acid binding to the protein.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Intratumoral induction of tumour necrosis factor by systemic administration of Bordetella pertussis vaccine.

Intratumoral induction of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) by administration of Bordetella pertussis vaccine (BPV) as compared with that by the agent OK-432 was investigated in mice. Two hours after such administration tumour tissues tested were resected from the mice, homogenised, and the TNF activities in the homogenate were assayed using a L-929 fibroblast assay. Intravenous injection of BPV into mice bearing the MM46 carcinoma resulted in a greater concentration of TNF in the tumour homogenate than in the serum. With OK-432, however, there was a greater concentration of TNF in the serum than in the tumour homogenates. A high level of intratumoral TNF induction by BPV was also observed in mice bearing Meth A fibrosarcoma or Lewis lung carcinoma. The therapeutic effect against the Meth A fibrosarcoma was in parallel with the intratumoral TNF activity. Intratumoral TNF activity is therefore believed to be a good index of therapeutic effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Cough provocation test in asthmatic children].

The effects of pH and osmolarity on cough receptors were evaluated by inhalation of aqueous aerosol in 37 children with bronchial asthma. Each of 3 different pH solutions (low 1.85-3.25, neutral 6.9-7.1, high 8.0-8.4) was combined with 3 different osmolarities (hypo 0-31, iso 254-292, hyper 830-1117 mOsm/kg), and 9 solutions were prepared. To evaluate the effect of low chloride ion concentration, neutral pH and iso-osmolar solution including low chloride ion was also prepared. These aqueous aerosols were administered from a Devilbiss 646 nebulizer for 10 seconds. Coughing was induced in 28 subjects (76%) by inhalation of low pH and hyperosmolar solution, in one subject (3%) by low pH and iso-osmolar, in one (3%) by low pH and hypo-osmolar, in three (8%) by neutral pH and hypo-osmolar, and in none by any of the other solutions. It was suggested that the alteration of pH or osmolarity alone could not induce coughing effectively, and that the combination of pH and osmolarity was the important factor for the induction of coughing.

Asthma↗
PubMed1990

[Nutritional assessment of chronic pulmonary emphysema and the significant relation of malnutrition to pulmonary function and respiratory muscle function].

We assessed nutritional status in 30 patients with pulmonary emphysema and 60 healthy controls. The relationship between nutritional status, pulmonary function and respiratory muscle function was also studied. Anthropometric measures, visceral proteins such as PA and RPB, and the Fischer ratio (BCAA/AAA), an index of imbalance of amino acids were significantly lower in the patients. The incidence of moderately malnourished patients with less than 80% of IBW was 40%. The incidence of hyporetinol-binding protein was 40%. 48% of the patients were found to show an amino acid imbalance. These findings suggested that protein-energy malnutrition in association with amino acid imbalance occurred commonly in patients with pulmonary emphysema. FEV1% correlated significantly with some anthropometric indices and the Fischer ratio. Respiratory muscle function, assessed by P1 max, correlated significantly with some anthropometric indices and grasp strength. These results suggested that the degree of airway obstruction and respiratory muscle function was associated with malnutrition characterized by the reduction of the Fischer ratio.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Recurrence of duodenal ulcer and elevated serum pepsinogen I levels in smokers and nonsmokers.

We determined serum pepsinogen I (PG I) levels by radioimmunoassay in 472 patients with duodenal ulcer and 141 normal subjects to investigate whether serum PG I levels were related to cigarette smoking, and in 225 patients to determine whether the recurrence of duodenal ulcer was related to serum PG I levels or cigarette smoking. Serum PG I levels were not influenced by cigarette smoking in either patients with duodenal ulcer or normal subjects. The recurrence rate of duodenal ulcer not under maintenance therapy was significantly higher in hyperPG I patients than in normoPG I patients, regardless of their smoking habits. Only in hyperPG I patients was the recurrence rate in smokers higher than in nonsmokers. Patients under maintenance therapy showed similar results. Multilogistic regression indicated that hyperPG I had a greater effect than cigarette smoking on ulcer recurrence. These findings indicate that serum PG I levels are not influenced by smoking, and the important characteristic in patients with recurrent duodenal ulcers is the increased serum PG I levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Anaphylaxis to grand keyhole limpet (abalone-like shellfish) and abalone.

We report five patients who developed moderate to severe anaphylactic reactions induced by the ingestion of grand keyhole limpet (GKL) and abalone. Specific IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to these shellfish was demonstrated by history, prick skin test, and RAST. RAST inhibition technique revealed the cross-antigenicity between GKL, abalone, and keyhole limpet hemocyanin.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Principal component analysis for microalbuminuria in patients with noninsulin-dependent, maturity-onset diabetes mellitus].

To determine causal mechanism(s) of microalbuminuria seen in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), multivariate analysis (principal component analysis) was applied, using patient's age, disease length, fasting blood sugar level (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c %), and presence of hypertension as variables. Albumin concentration in the first morning urine was determined by the Latex Photometric Immunoassay (LPIA), and was expressed as albumin index (AI, albumin excretion per gram creatinine). Sixty five cases who had been continuously negative or equivocal (+/-) for urinary protein by an usual paper test method were analysed. The result indicated these patients could be separated into following three groups. Group A (12 cases) showed the highest AI value, was characterized by longer disease length (greater than 10 yrs), and was thought to be in transitional phase into clinical proteinuric stage. Group B (7 cases) was characterized by poor diabetic control and normalization of the microalbuminuria might be possible by strict control measures. In Group C (14 cases), patients were in relatively early stage of the disease, and were under good diabetic control, but presence of hypertension was thought to be a provocative factor.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

5-Isoquinolinesulfonamide derivatives. 1. Synthesis and vasodilatory activity of N-(2-guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide derivatives.

Two novel series of N-(2-guanidinoalkyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamides, 2 and 3, were prepared. Many of the compounds possessed vasodilatory activity when injected locally into the femoral artery of dogs. The most potent compound, 1-amidino-4-(5-isoquinolylsulfonyl)-1,4-perhydrodiazepine, 33, was comparable to diltiazem, which is used clinically as a vasodilator.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

5-Isoquinolinesulfonamide derivatives. 2. Synthesis and vasodilatory activity of N-(2-aminoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide derivatives.

A new series of aromatic sulfonamides, the N-(2-aminoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide derivatives, 3, was synthesized from 5-isoquinolinesulfonic acid and shown to possess vasodilatory action. Vasodilatory activity was evaluated in vivo in terms of increases in arterial blood flow in dogs after local injection in the femoral and/or vertebral arteries. When the alkylene group between the two nonaromatic nitrogen atoms was ethylene, the most potent activity was obtained. Alkylations of either of the two nonaromatic nitrogens yielded more active compounds, although bulky or excessively long alkyl groups reduced the potency. Among these derivatives, 27 and 47 were equipotent to diltiazem, which is used clinically as a cardiovascular drug. These two compounds also had antihypertensive and vasodilatory activities when administered intravenously, although the activities were less than that of diltiazem when given by this route.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Immunohistochemical evidence for the production of tumor necrosis factor by murine MH134 tumor cells as well as monocytes in tumor lesions after systemic administration of a polyalcoholized mannoglucan from Microellobosporia grisea.

The endogenous production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by tumor tissues was examined. MH134 tumor cells as well as monocytes in MH134 tumor tissues produced TNF after systemic administration of a polyalcoholized mannoglucan (MGA) from Microellobrosporia grisea as shown by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. MH134 tumor cells also produced TNF when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide in vitro. These results suggest that regression of MH134 hepatoma can be ascribed to TNF produced not only by monocytes but also by tumor cells themselves in the tumor tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Gastric mucosa in patients with fundic hyperplastic polyps].

To assess the functional and morphological characteristics of the gastric mucosa of patients with fundic hyperplastic polyps (FP), the determination of gastric acid secretion, serum gastrin levels, serum pepsinogen 1 (PG1) levels and histological examination were undertaken in 24 patients with FP, 34 with foveolar hyperplastic polyps (HP) and 62 controls, who had no gastric lesions. The following were the results of our investigation. 1) There were no differences between the patients with FP and the controls as to gastric acid secretion, serum gastrin levels, and serum PG1 levels. On the other hand, hypochlorhydria, hypergastrinemia and hypopepsinogenemia were common in those with HP. 2) Histological examination using gastric biopsy specimens showed almost normal gastric mucosa in patients with FP. However, severe atrophic gastritis of the fundus was common in patients with HP. 3) It was shown that there were definite differences between the patients with FP and those with HP with regard to the gastric function and morphology, although both types of gastric polyp were histologically classified as hyperplastic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Two cases of aspirin-intolerant asthma whose leukocytes demonstrated hypersensitivity to sulpyrin.

Two cases of aspirin-intolerant asthma whose polymorphonuclear leukocytes demonstrated hypersensitivity to sulpyrin in vitro were reported. The patients were 14- and 15-year-old girls. Aspirin and sulpyrin intolerance were confirmed by aspirin oral provocation test and bronchial sulpyrin inhalation provocation test. In those intolerant patients, preincubation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes with sulpyrin enhanced the calcium ionophore A23187-induced leukotriene C4 production as compared with those of healthy adults and aspirin-tolerant asthma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Relation between frequency of asthma and IgE antibody levels against Dermatophagoides farinae and total serum IgE levels in schoolchildren.

The relation between the frequency of wheezing illness and IgE antibody levels against Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) and total IgE levels was examined in 457 randomly selected schoolchildren. From the response to the ATS-DLD-78-C respiratory symptoms questionnaire, 14 subjects (3.1%) were found to have asthma syndrome (recurrent episodes of attacks of shortness of breath with wheezing) and 17 subjects (3.7%), wheezing syndrome (only wheezing). The percentage of the asthma syndrome increased with increasing levels of Df-specific IgE, and there was an intimate correlation between the percentage of asthma syndrome and Df-specific IgE levels (r = 0.97; p less than 0.001), whereas such association was not found between the two (r = -0.19; p greater than 0.5). Similar relations were found between the frequencies of the specific syndromes and total IgE levels. There was a significant correlation between total IgE levels and Df-specific IgE levels in the total population (r = 0.7; p less than 0.001). These results suggest that allergic reaction greatly contributes to the development of asthma in children.

Animals↗