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Biomedical subjects

A Moore

Publications and source records attributed to A Moore.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The sleep of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Fourteen patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) were studied with all-night sleep EEG recordings. Nine of these patients reported abnormal sleep patterns before the polygraphic study. Analysis of the sleep records disclosed significantly decreased total sleep time with more awakenings, less stage 4 sleep, decreased rapid-eye-movement (REM) efficiency, and shortened REM latency compared with those of a group of age- and sex-matched normal subjects. These abnormalities generally resembled those of an age-matched group of depressed patients, although significant differences remained. These findings suggest that such sleep abnormalities as shortened REM latency may not be entirely specific for primary affective illness. They also point to a possible biological link between OCD and affective illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Luminal ions and short chain fatty acids as markers of functional activity of the mucosa in ulcerative colitis.

Luminal concentrations of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), ammonia, sodium and potassium were measured in colonic dialysate of 16 control subjects and in 65 cases with ulcerative colitis (UC), which were graded according to mucosal changes into mild (1), moderate (2), or severe (3) inflammatory activity. Sodium concentrations were mildly but not significantly increased in severe ulcerative colitis while luminal potassium concentrations were markedly decreased in severe ulcerative colitis (p less than 0.025). Concentrations of SCFA were increased in severe ulcerative colitis. Butyrate concentrations were significantly raised in all stages of active ulcerative colitis even when other fatty acids were not raised. Of all the parameters a lowered pH and raised butyrate concentration most strikingly correlate with the severity of mucosal change. Results indirectly suggest that control of luminal pH, potassium secretion and utilisation of butyrate by the colonic mucosa are impaired with progressive mucosal inflammation.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A controlled comparison of the effects of extradural diamorphine and bupivacaine on plasma glucose and plasma cortisol in postoperative patients.

The effects of an extradural narcotic, diamorphine, and of an extradural local anesthetic, bupivacaine, on postoperative responses of plasma glucose and cortisol levels following surgery were investigated in 20 fit women undergoing major gynecologic operations. The operations were conducted with morphine premedication and extradural local anesthetic with nitrous oxide, oxygen, and halothane. After surgery the patients were given either further extradural local anesthetic or 5 mg of extradural diamorphine. After surgery plasma glucose and plasma cortisol concentrations decreased in patients given extradural diamorphine, but increased in those given extradural local anesthetic. The differences between the groups were statistically highly significant (p less than 0.05) for both glucose and cortisol. The effects on metabolic responses to surgery produced by a small (5 mg) dose of diamorphine injected into the extradural space suggest a local action of the narcotic at the level of the spinal cord. Only very large intravenous doses of narcotics have previously been shown to suppress these responses.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A model for comparison of local anesthetics in man.

Ten patients scheduled for bilateral arm surgery were given general anesthesia plus, on one side, an axillary brachial plexus block. Ten additional patients scheduled for bilateral foot surgery were similarly given general anesthesia plus an ankle block on one side. A within-patient blind comparison of postoperative analgesia between blocked and unblocked side was performed. An additional 10 patients scheduled for bilateral foot surgery had one side blocked with lidocaine and the other side blocked with bupivacaine for comparison of postoperative analgesia. Postoperative analgesia recorded by a nurse observed was significantly better on the blocked side compared with the unblocked side. This difference was greater for ankle blocks. There were no differences between the analgesic measures for lidocaine and bupivacaine ankle blocks over the 6-hour study period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Effect of short-chaim fatty acid on sodium absorption in isolated human colon perfused through the vascular bed.

A method of perfusing the isolated human colon in vitro was developed to study the effect of the short-chain fatty acid n-butyrate on sodium absorption under controlled conditions. The isolated colon was viable in vitro provided that ischemia to the colon prior to perfusion was less than 40 min. Viability was judged on glucose utilization, mucosal potential difference, an sodium absorption. Sodium absorption from the lumen was observed either with or without 20 mM n-butyrate. In a control group sodium absorption (nmol/min/cm2 /+- SEM) was 320 /+- 10 (four perfusions, nine observation intervals) and potassium secretion 26 /+- 3 (four perfusions, nine observation intervals). With 20 mM n-butyrate sodium absorption was 1960 /+- 480 (four perfusions, ten observation intervals) (P less than 0.0025). Potassium secretion was 72 /+- 2 (four perfusions, ten observation intervals) and (P less than 0.025). Butyrate absorption was 254 /+- 60 (four perfusions, ten observation intervals) and correlated linearly with the unidirectional flux (Jm leads to S) of sodium (linear coefficient of 0.714, P = less than 0.001). These results suggest that the presence of bacterial short-chain fatty acids may determine the efficiency of sodium absorption in the colon and also indicate that an absence of short-chain fatty acids in the colon could be one factor leading to diminished sodium absorption in the colon of man.

Absorption↗
PubMed1981

Elevated serum creatine phosphokinase in subjects with McLeod syndrome.

McLeod phenotype red cells of the Kell blood group system have acanthocytic morphology and reduced in vivo survival. The phenotype has an X-linked mode of inheritance and is found in some males who have no abnormality of leukocyte function and in some who have X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). We now describe an association between the McLeod phenotype and an abnormal elevation of serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK). The increase is of the MM isoenzyme type, derived from skeletal muscle or cardiac muscle, and muscle biopsy shows evidence of muscle cell changes. All of 11 males who have McLeod syndrome but do not have CGD have high levels of serum CPK. Males with McLeod syndrome and CGD may have normal or high levels of the enzyme. Individuals with other variant phenotypes in the Kell system have normal levels of serum CPK. Studies on a large kindred, which includes 5 people of McLeod phenotype, show high CPK levels only in the members of McLeod type. We conclude that the high level of CPK in the serum of these people is a reflection of a muscle cell anomaly and that in these individuals it is a pleiotropic effect of the X-linked gene that produces the McLeod red cell phenotype.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital↗
PubMed1981

Platelet Fc receptor. Increased expression in myeloproliferative disease.

The platelet Fc receptor, a membrane receptor for immune complexes or aggregated immunoglobulin (Ig)G, was compared in normal and myeloproliferative platelets. Washed platelets from 11 normal donors and 27 patients were incubated with fluorescein-conjugated ovalbumin-anti-ovalbumin complexes and examined by phase and fluorescence microscopy. Only 3.2+/-1% of the normal platelets stained, whereas 76+/-16% of the myeloproliferative platelets stained with the immune complex. The fluorescent staining was mediated by a platelet Fc receptor, as shown by the absence of platelet staining with immune complex containing antibody preincubated with Staphylococcal protein A to block the Fc region. In addition, no staining occurred with antigen or antibody alone or after preincubation of platelets with aggregated IgG. Platelets from normal or myeloproliferative donors did not stain with the immune complexes when the incubation was performed in plasma. The increased expression of Fc receptors on myeloproliferative platelets was corroborated by studies of [(14)C]serotonin release by immune complexes or aggregated IgG in 8 patients and 17 normal donors. Serotonin uptake was similar in both groups. Myeloproliferative platelets released significantly more serotonin than normal platelets at each concentration of immune complex or aggregated IgG; in addition, myeloproliferative platelets released serotonin in response to much smaller concentrations of immune complex or aggregated IgG. [(14)C]Serotonin release by myeloproliferative platelets was not increased above that of normal platelets when thrombin was used as the stimulus. The results were independent of patient age, sex, therapy, hematocrit, or platelet size. Interaction of circulating immune complexes with platelets bearing increased Fc receptors may contribute to the abnormal hemostasis associated with the myeloproliferative syndromes.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The sudden infant death syndrome.

Recent research has defined a group of infants with certain characteristics who may be prone to sudden unexpected death, but no single criterion has yet been found that can be used to identify the victim before or after death. Although the aetiology of SIDS remains a mystery, it seems likely that certain stresses such as infection, overheating, and environmental or nutritional deprivation in a vulnerable group of infants may combine at a critical period of development to cause death by respiratory arrest. Some of these deaths may be prevented by raising the general standard of care for the whole infant population, improving health education, and increasing the surveillance of high risk groups. There remains a hard core of infants for whom the stresses appear minimal and the environment optimal but in the present state of our knowledge their death seems unavoidable.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Buprenorphine kinetics.

Buprenorphine kinetics was determined in surgical patients using radioimmunoassay. Buprenorphine was measured in the plasma of 24 patients who had received 0.3 mg buprenorphine intraoperatively. After 3 hr 10 of these patients then received a further 0.3 mg buprenorphine intravenously for postoperative pain relief, and 11 patients were given 0.3 mg intramuscularly; again, plasma levels were measured for 3 hr. The data fitted closely to a triexponential decay curve. There was a very fast initial phase, with a half-life (t1/2) of 2 min. The terminal t1/2 was slow, approximately 3 hr. Comparison of the kinetics of the same patient, awake and anesthetized, showed that the clearance was significantly lower in the anesthetized state. A notable feature of the drug given intramuscularly is rapid systemic availability, so that peaks are obtained in 2 to 5 min, and in 10 min the resulting levels are the same as for the intravenous and intramuscular routes.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1978

Interaction of platelet membrane receptors with von Willebrand factor, ristocetin, and the Fc region of immunoglobulin G.

The agglutination of human platelets by ristocetin and von Willebrand factor was inhibited by aggregated immunoglobulin (Ig)G and by Fc fragments of IgG, but not by Fab, F(ab')(2) or pFc fragments of IgG. Because this inhibition occurred with formalin-fixed platelets as well as with normal platelets, a generalized aggregation of fluid membrane components by Fc fragments was not responsible for this inhibition of ristocetin and von Willebrand factor-induced agglutination. Reciprocal inhibition of platelet Fc receptors was produced by prior incubation of platelets with von Willebrand factor and ristocetin. Sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation studies demonstrated that aggregated IgG did not form fluid-phase complexes with von Willebrand factor and ristocetin. Furthermore, passage of von Willebrand factor and ristocetin through a column of immobilized heat-aggregated IgG did not alter platelet agglutinating activity which indicates that aggregated IgG did not inactivate von Willebrand factor or ristocetin. Thus, it was likely that the IgG-mediated interference with platelet agglutination by ristocetin and von Willebrand factor did not occur in the fluid phase but at the platelet surface. These studies suggest that the platelet membrane Fc receptor may be either a part of, or sterically related to, the membrane glycoprotein I complex that interacts with von Willebrand factor, and that occupation of one of these surface components blocks the availability of the other.

Blood Coagulation Factors↗
PubMed1977

Metabolic acidosis and infant feeding.

Most cows' milk based formulae for infant feeding present a greater acid load to the infant than breast milk. To determine the effect of this difference the acid base state of 180 healthy term infants was measured on the sixth day of life and related to the type of feed. Those infants fed on cows' milk formula (SMA) had a mean pH of 7-34 +/- 0-05 and a base deficit of 8-8 +/- 3-1, while those fed on breast milk had a mean pH of 7-38 +/- 0-05 and a base deficit of 5-6 +/- 3-1. The difference between the two groups of infants was significant for both these measurements. Metabolic acidosis was defined as a base deficit greater than 10 mmol/l. Seventy-four per cent of the 34 infants who were acidotic at six days were bottle-fed. There was a significant correlation between the pH of the feed and the degree of acidosis in the infant as measured by the base deficit. The findings suggest that when breast milk is not available a pH-adjusted milk formula would be desirable for preventing and treating neonatal metabolic acidosis.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗