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Biomedical subjects

A Moore

Publications and source records attributed to A Moore.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Quantitative CT analysis of brain morphometry in adult Down's syndrome at different ages.

Quantitative CT demonstrated that healthy adults with Down's syndrome (DS) have smaller brains and smaller intracranial volumes than controls. Normalized volumes of CSF, ventricles, and brain parenchyma did not differ in patients and controls. Both DS subjects and controls showed similar significant age-related increments in volumes of CSF and ventricles. Of seven older DS subjects, one was demented, whereas the group as a whole showed reductions in cognitive test scores as compared with younger DS subjects. The results demonstrate cognitive decline in older DS subjects, but no brain atrophy other than that expected with aging.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Preventable childhood deaths in Wolverhampton.

A retrospective survey was undertaken of all deaths in children under 5 in the borough of Wolverhampton over the years 1976-82. Cause of death was classified in terms of preventability and possibly preventable deaths studied in more detail. Birth weight in the study group was significantly lower than that of the local population; there was no difference in ethnic origin, but there were significantly more Asian girls than Asian boys. The association between potentially preventable death and various socioeconomic indicators in the electoral wards in the borough was investigated. A significant association was found between mortality and overcrowding, lack of household amenities, unemployment, lack of car ownership, and households where the head was born in the new Commonwealth or Pakistan.

Asia↗
PubMed1986

Comparative studies on receptor structure in the brittlestar Ophiura ophiura.

The morphology of cells incorporating modified cilia in the epithelium of the spines, tube-feet and general surface of the ophiuroid echinoderm Ophiura ophiura are described using transmission and scanning electron microscopy and compared to those on the tube-feet of the echinoid Echinus esculentus. Some receptor cells have cilia showing a normal 9 + 2 microtubular arrangement and these project from the cuticular surface. There are also three basic cell types in which the cilia do not show a continuous normal 9 + 2 microtubular arrangement. In one class, a ring of microvilli form a tube which protrudes from the cuticular surface and which contains a cilium. This type is present on both spines and tube-feet and is identical in structure to the stäbchen receptors described previously. The second type, termed the non-projecting receptor, is not surrounded by specialized microvilli, and the cilium which projects from the receptor cell ends flush with the cuticle which may be 3 or 4 micron above the epithelial surface; these are only present on the tube-feet. The third type of receptor occurs on the general surface of the arm, and from its position and some aspects of its structure may be a general photic receptor. It consists of a highly modified cilium characterized by a very short ciliary root. The cilium projects very little above the receptor cell surface and terminates among the extracellular fibrillar material that packs the gap of variable width between the epithelial cellular surface and the non-cellular cuticle. The distribution of these presumptive receptor cells is discussed in the light of recent sensory physiological findings and previous descriptions by other authors of receptor structures in the whole phylum.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

A case of the neuroleptic malignant syndrome, an idiosyncratic response to neuroleptic drugs, is described. Symptoms persisted for eight weeks. The stopping of neuroleptics and general supportive measures are the mainstay of treatment. Failure to recognise this syndrome can lead to morbidity and death.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Adrenal abnormalities in polycystic ovary syndrome.

This study was undertaken to examine the role of adrenal androgen excess in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and, if such was present, to assess its reversibility using dexamethasone given in physiological dosage at night. Mean plasma testosterone (T), T/sex-hormone binding globulin (T/SHBG) ratio, androstenedione, and 17-OH-progesterone levels were elevated in the 19 patients studied. Plasma estrone values were elevated, whereas estradiol levels were normal. Plasma FSH was decreased and LH responsiveness to LHRH was exaggerated. Metyrapone, an 11-hydroxylase inhibitor, was administered at 2400 h to induce hypocortisolemia and compensatory ACTH secretion so that adrenal androgen and glucocorticoid responsiveness to endogenous stimulation could be examined. Plasma T, androstenedione, and 11-deoxycortisol responses to metyrapone were excessive in PCOS patients, thus indicating a specific adrenal abnormality. After 3 months treatment with dexamethasone, 0.5 mg at night, mean plasma T/SHBG and androstenedione declined to normal, and mean plasma dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate declined to below normal. The mean estrone value was slightly lower during dexamethasone. Plasma LH responsiveness to LHRH was no longer significantly different from normal, but FSH was suppressed. During treatment androgen responsiveness to metyrapone stimulation was normal, whereas 11-deoxycortisol responsiveness was suppressed. Fifteen patients completed 3 months of treatment with dexamethasone. Of these, 10 resumed regular menstruation. The latter group had suppression of plasma T, T/SHBG, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Only plasma androstenedione fell significantly in the remainder. These observations support the hypothesis that, in at least some patients, PCOS develops in response to abnormal gonadotropin secretion induced by hyperestronemia occurring as a consequence of excessive adrenal androgen secretion.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1986

Positron emission tomography in Alzheimer's disease.

Twenty-one patients with a clinical diagnosis of dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) and 29 healthy, age-matched controls were studied using positron emission tomography (PET) and [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose to measure regional cerebral glucose consumption in the resting state. Reductions in ratio measures of relative metabolism in some parietal, temporal, and frontal regions were found in mild, moderate, and severe DAT groups. A significant increase in right/left metabolic asymmetry, particularly in parietal regions, also was seen in mild and moderate groups. Only in the severely demented patients was the absolute cerebral metabolic rate reduced significantly from control values. Fourteen patients had repeated PET studies, but only those patients with moderate to severe dementia showed a decline in IQ over 6 to 15 months. There were no significant changes in metabolic measures over time. PET is useful in quantifying regional cerebral dysfunction in DAT, even in the early stages of the disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Malignant lymphomas and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Evaluation of 30 cases using a working formulation.

Malignant lymphomas occurring in 29 homosexual men and one thalassemic woman with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex are reported using a working formulation for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs). The patients' ages ranged from 25 to 59 years, with an average age of 42 years. Ninety percent of the cases were extranodal; 67% were exclusively extranodal. One case of Hodgkin's disease was encountered. All NHLs were of the diffuse types in both the intermediate- and high-grade categories, with the largest single group (49%) being of the diffuse, large, follicular-center-cell types. The NHLs in this series were classifiable as B-cell neoplasms and were aggressive as evidenced by markedly reduced median survivals. The morphological diagnosis as defined in the working formulation, especially for the intermediate-grade lesions, offered little significant prognostic information.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1985

Purification and tissue-specific expression of casein kinase from the lactating guinea-pig mammary gland.

A serine-specific casein kinase, an integral membrane protein of the lactating guinea-pig mammary gland, has been purified from a Golgi-enriched membrane fraction, using a combination of sucrose gradient centrifugation and chromatography on ATP-agarose. The enzyme comprises a polypeptide of estimated Mr 74 000 as judged by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, compared with a monomer Mr of 50 000 as determined by sucrose gradient centrifugation in the presence of 500 mM NaCl and 0.1% Triton X-100. Kinetic studies show that the purified enzyme exhibits kinetic constants distinctly different from the rabbit reticulocyte casein kinases I and II, whilst polyclonal antisera raised against the mammary gland enzyme did not cross-react with soluble liver or reticulocyte protein kinase activities. Immunoblotting and immunocytochemical analyses demonstrate the mammary gland enzyme's apparently unique location in lactating mammary gland tissue. Comparative studies with polyclonal antisera raised against bovine galactosyltransferase, show that casein kinase and galactosyltransferase have a similar intracellular localisation in the lactating mammary gland as judged by immunocytochemistry at the light level, but that casein kinase was unique to mammary gland whereas galactosyltransferase could be found in other tissues. The results extended our earlier observations which suggest a Golgi location for casein kinase, and demonstrate that future studies using this enzyme may well prove advantageous for the study of intracellular mechanisms involved in the biogenesis of organelles, in this instance the Golgi apparatus.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Isolated glucocorticoid deficiency: metabolic and endocrine studies in a 5-year-old boy.

A 5-year-old boy is described who presented with episodes of hypoglycaemia triggered by mild infections or fever. Subnormal glucocorticoid production was confirmed by demonstrating low urinary excretion of free cortisol, low plasma cortisol concentrations that did not rise after glucagon and ACTH stimulation, and by elevated plasma ACTH levels. The selective nature of the abnormality was confirmed by demonstrating normal plasma electrolyte concentrations and blood pressure on a salt-restricted diet. Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone levels were also normal and responded appropriately to salt restriction and to frusemide-induced diuresis. Starvation-induced hypoglycaemia was associated with raised levels of blood ketone bodies and low blood alanine concentrations. Catecholamine secretion during hypoglycaemia was reduced. Glucocorticoid replacement therapy was effective in restoring normal glucose homeostasis.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1985

On the origin of the osteoclast: the cell surface phenotype of rodent osteoclasts.

The origin and development of the osteoclast is not well defined; although it is derived from a bone marrow stem cell, it is not proven whether the osteoclast progenitor comes from the multipotential hemopoietic stem cell or comprises an entirely separate cell lineage. We have studied the cell lineage relationship of osteoclasts isolated from newborn rodent bone to other bone marrow cell types, in particular the monocyte-macrophage cell line, by the use of cell surface phenotyping. In studies in mouse and rat we failed to detect the expression of markers characteristic of mononuclear phagocytes or other bone marrow cell types, including the hemopoietic tissue restricted common leucocyte antigen (T200). Our findings cast further doubt on the view that osteoclasts arise by fusion of mononuclear phagocytes in a similar fashion to the formation of multinucleate inflammatory giant cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Morphine kinetics and kidney transplantation: morphine removal is influenced by renal ischemia.

Morphine plasma concentrations were determined in six patients receiving kidney transplants from living-related donors, and nine patients receiving kidney transplants from cadavers. The total cold ischemic time was about 2 hr for kidneys from living-related donors and 14 hr for those from cadavers. After an intravenous bolus dose of morphine, plasma morphine concentrations decreased to a plateau that lasted for several hours; morphine elimination resumed when the transplanted kidney began to clear creatinine. The duration of the total cold ischemic time was significantly related to both the duration of the plateau in morphine concentration (P = 0.008) and the first postoperative day creatinine clearance (P = 0.021). Morphine elimination half-life after the plateau was related to first postoperative day creatinine clearance (P less than 0.001). It was concluded that morphine elimination depended upon intact renal function.

Adult↗