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Biomedical subjects

A Moore

Publications and source records attributed to A Moore.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The synergism between platelet-activating factor and interleukin-1 on cartilage breakdown.

The breakdown of rat articular cartilage has been studied in vivo and in vitro to observe the effect of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) on the net loss of glycosaminoglycan (GAG). When PAF was infused over a 2-week period into rats, there was no increased breakdown of implanted, cotton-wrapped, femoral head cartilage. However, there was a loss of proteoglycan from the femoral head cartilage of the recipient rats (native cartilage). This loss from the native cartilage was not apparent if the animal had not been implanted with cartilage. Using an in vitro system, the effect of PAF and IL-1 alpha on rat femoral head cartilage was further examined. Separately, neither agent had any significant effect on GAG content. However, when combined, there was a significant loss of GAG. The significance of these results is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Neurotensin(8-13): comparison of novel analogs for stimulation of cyclic GMP formation in neuroblastoma clone N1E-115 and receptor binding to human brain and intact N1E-115 cells.

Neurotensin(8-13), the carboxyl-terminal portion of neurotensin, is 4-50 times more potent than native neurotensin in binding to intact neuroblastoma N1E-115 cells and human brain tissue and in stimulation of intracellular cyclic GMP production and inositol phospholipid hydrolysis in clone N1E-115 (Gilbert JA and Richelson E, Eur J Pharmacol 99: 245-246, 1984; Gilbert JA et al., Biochem Pharmacol 35: 391-397, 1986; Kanba KS et al., J Neurochem 46: 946-952, 1986; and Kanba KS and Richelson E, Biochem Pharmacol 36: 869-874, 1987). A series of novel analogs of neurotensin (8-13) was synthesized, and a structure-activity study was done comparing the abilities of these peptides to stimulate intracellular cyclic GMP production in intact neuroblastoma clone N1E-115 and to inhibit the binding of [3H]neurotensin to these cells and to membranal preparations from human brain. A direct correlation was found for each analog between its EC50 for biochemical activity and its KD for binding ability in studies with clone N1E-115. Furthermore, a strong correlation existed for each peptide between its KD for binding to neurotensin receptors on these cells and its KD for binding to neurotensin receptors in human brain tissue. In this study, the residues that were important to the biochemical and binding activities of neurotensin (8-13) proved to be identical to the amino acids that are necessary for the functional integrity of native neurotensin (Gilbert JA et al., Biochem Pharmacol 35: 391-397, 1986.

Brain↗
PubMed1989

The major maturation glycoprotein found on rat cauda epididymal sperm surface is linked to the membrane via phosphatidylinositol.

The experiments reported here further characterize a approximately 26[3H] kD cell surface glycoprotein that can be detected on rat cauda epididymal sperm using the galactose oxidase/NaB[3H]4 technique (1). When labeled sperm are treated with PI-PLC the 26[3H] kD is completely released from the cell. The released molecule can be recovered undegraded from incubation supernatant. Release by PI-PLC converts the hydrophobic, membrane-anchored form into a hydrophilic molecule as assessed by partition studies using Triton X114. Isoelectric focusing studies using both untreated (control) and PI-PLC treated samples shows that there is charge heterogeneity with two major peaks at pls of approximately 5.0 and approximately 4.5. We also show for the first time that the molecule persists on ejaculated cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Affect attunement, attachment, temperament, and zygosity: a twin study.

A twin study examines the relationship of affect attunement to four factors of development: zygosity, temperament, attachment, and twin preference. Affect attunement occurs when an infant expresses affect and a mother responds cross-modally, matching duration, intensity, and rhythm. A sample of 16, same sex, healthy twins (8 MZ, 8 DZ) and their mothers were recruited at 10 to 12 months of age. Monozygous twins attuned at more similar rates than dizygous twins. There was no relationship between attunement, attachment, and temperament, nor between affect signal rate and attunement. Five of eight mothers expressed a twin preference. Eleven of the 16 infants were classified securely attached. Affect attunement is discussed as a measure of the complementarity between an infant's affect signaling rate and a mother's contingent responsiveness.

Affect↗
PubMed1989

Farm accidents in an Irish county.

Between 1977-87, 17 farm accident deaths were recorded in a county of population 52,379 in the north-east of Ireland. In 1986, a further 150 non-fatal cases were recorded in the county during a national survey of non-fatal farm accidents. Tractors were the commonest cause of fatal and non-fatal accidents and the latter were frequently serious. Although 63% of fatal, and 60% of non-fatal accidents occurred to farmers, 31% of fatal and 15% of non-fatal cases were farmer's children, and these were mainly under 12 years old. The commonest age group of fatal cases was between 1-15 years, and of non-fatal cases between 46-60 years. The latter age group is representative of the national age group of Irish farmers. There were fewer than three deaths in this series which were beyond the control of the deceased or their guardian, and many non-fatal accidents were associated with risk taking by the deceased. The very low profile afforded farm safety at all levels in Ireland is inappropriate as there is no evidence that farm accidents have decreased either in number or severity in recent years. Examples of non-accidental deaths on the farm are presented to illustrate the need for personal alarm systems for the elderly farmer; furthermore, a 'distressed farmer' scheme run by farming interests is recommended for farmers whose social isolation and financial worries have become an unbearable burden to them.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1989

Bogus-pipeline effects on self-reported college student drug use, problems, and attitudes.

This study examined whether a bogus objective measure (bogus-pipeline) would increase self-reported drug measures in a selected college population. A sample of 152 subjects were randomly assigned to receive: (1) a verbal bogus-pipeline protocol (VBP), (2) a printed cartoon bogus-pipeline (CBP), or (3) a questionnaire-only control (QOC). No significant differences were found in the proportions of college students in pipeline and control conditions reporting current social, illegal, and nonmedical prescription drug use, as well as drug-related problems and attitudes. A significantly greater proportion of subjects receiving the verbal bogus-pipeline procedure (p = .006) reported heavy cigarette use.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Surgical management of midline skull-base tumors: a new approach.

Many surgical approaches to the clivus and upper cervical spine have been used in the treatment of skull-base tumors over the past 50 years. However, the outcome of surgery has been complicated by difficulties of access to the whole clivus, together with pharyngeal wound breakdown with subsequent development of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula and meningitis. A technique described recently utilized Le Fort I osteotomy to improve exposure of the clivus in the approach to vertebrobasilar aneurysms, facilitating control of the aneurysm and reducing the risk of posttraumatic CSF fistula. The same approach, via maxillotomy, has permitted partial or total tumor resection in 13 consecutive procedures carried out at Atkinson Morley's Hospital on 10 patients presenting with tumors of the skull base. Neurological status was either improved or unchanged in all patients postoperatively, and pain relief was obtained in five of eight cases in which this was a presenting symptom. No patient developed a CSF fistula following surgery. Cosmetic results were good, and no problems related to malocclusion were reported. This approach may be used to advantage in the surgical treatment of skull-base tumors, at initial presentation, and can be repeated without undue difficulty should there be tumor recurrence.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Motor vehicle crashes in dementia of the Alzheimer type.

To assess the occurrence and related features of motor vehicle crashes in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) we studied 30 patients who had been followed longitudinally and 20 healthy age-matched control subjects. Data were gathered from first-degree relatives who had lived with the subjects for the previous 5 years or more. Forty-seven percent of the DAT patients incurred at least one crash while they were driving, whereas only 10% of the control subjects had had a crash in the previous 5 years. The odds ratio for crashes in the DAT group was 7.9 (p less than 0.01). Moreover, in 77% of DAT patients, a deterioration in driving performance was noted, and 63% of the patients had stopped driving. However, only 42% of the DAT patients who stopped driving did so before a crash occurred. Mean illness duration was 4.0 (+/- 1.8) years, and the mean Mini-Mental Status Examination score was 19.9 (+/- 6.3) at the time of the first crash in the DAT group. The occurrence of crashes was not significantly correlated with dementia severity or with disease duration. These data suggest that the occurrence of driving crashes in patients with DAT is an important public health problem.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1988

A home-based pulmonary function monitor for cystic fibrosis.

As care for the chronically ill makes increasing demands upon our medical system, cost-effective methods for addressing those demands are being sought. The use of self-monitoring coupled with telecommunication of results to the health-care provider can be expected to provide a partial solution in the appropriate clinical setting. An electronic spirometer with telecommunication ability for use by cystic fibrosis patients in the home has been developed.

Analog-Digital Conversion↗
PubMed1988

Pathogenetic role of HIV infection in Kaposi's sarcoma of equatorial East Africa.

Thirty residents of north-central Tanzania with various forms of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) were evaluated. The absolute number of peripheral blood OKT4 lymphocytes in patients and Tanzanian control subjects tended to be low (in comparison with healthy young American adults), and many had inverted T4/T8 ratios. Plasma polyclonal beta- and gamma-globulin concentrations were increased in many patients with KS and in control patients in Tanzania with chronic dermatopathies, but not in African hospital employees and patients undergoing elective surgery. Three of nine patients with locally aggressive KS possessed antibodies to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III/lyphadenopathy-associated virus (HIV), but none had evidence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or the AIDS-related complex. Three patients with disseminated, rapidly progressive KS and high HIV-antibody titers had an immunologic and clinical picture consistent with AIDS. Two of 13 patients with the classic plaque/nodular form of KS had low plasma titers of HIV antibody, but the significance of these serologic findings is not known. The evidence suggests that HIV plays a role in the pathogenesis of some cases of KS in East Africa, but most patients with KS in East Africa have no evidence of overt immunologic deficiency or HIV infection.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1987

Retroperitoneal fibrosis and nonmalignant ileal carcinoid.

The carcinoid syndrome and fibrosis are unusual but identifiable disease processes. We report a rare case of retroperitoneal fibrosis associated with an ileal carcinoid in the absence of metastatic disease. The literature is reviewed.

Carcinoid Tumor↗
PubMed1987

Preliminary observations on a second Mr approximately equal to 24,000 membrane molecule from rat spermatozoa.

Preliminary data are presented to show that the integral membrane glycoprotein found on rat cauda epididymal spermatozoa is one of two Mr = approximately 24,000 molecules that are associated with sperm membranes. The second molecule can be differentiated from the glycoprotein by a variety of antibodies and can be shown to be present in spermatozoa and in residual bodies present in the epididymal fluid. The second molecule can be localized immunocytochemically in spermatids and Leydig cells in the testis.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1987

Cerebral metabolism, anatomy, and cognition in monozygotic twins discordant for dementia of the Alzheimer type.

One pair of monozygotic twins discordant for dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) was studied using neuropsychological testing, quantitative x-ray computed tomography (QCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. Cerebral glucose metabolism was measured using positron emission tomography (PET) and 2-[18-F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG). The affected twin had a seven year history of progressive cognitive impairment and was severely demented. Neuropsychological testing of the affected twin demonstrated marked deficits in all areas of cognitive function. The asymptomatic twin showed some impairment on tests of perceptual organisation and delayed recall. The affected twin had loss of gray matter and ventricular enlargement on QCT and MRI compared with healthy controls (p less than 0.05). He also had frontal and parietal lobe hypometabolism and increased asymmetry of metabolism on PET compared to both his twin and healthy age-matched controls (p less than 0.05). PET, QCT, and MRI distinguished changes in the twin with DAT compared with his brother and healthy controls. Although the subtle neuropsychological abnormalities of the asymptomatic twin may be signs of early DAT, they were not accompanied by any changes in regional cerebral metabolism or brain structure.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1987

Decline in cerebral glucose utilisation and cognitive function with aging in Down's syndrome.

The cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRglc) was measured with positron emission tomography and [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose in 14 healthy subjects with Down's syndrome, 19 to 33 years old, and in six healthy Down's syndrome subjects over 35 years, two of whom were demented. Dementia was diagnosed from a history of mental deterioration, disorientation and hallucinations. All Down's syndrome subjects were trisomy 21 karyotype. CMRglc also was examined in 15 healthy men aged 20-35 years and in 20 healthy men aged 45-64 years. All subjects were at rest with eyes covered and ears plugged. Mean hemispheric CMRglc in the older Down's syndrome subjects was significantly less, by 23%, than in the young Down's syndrome group; statistically significant decreases in regional metabolism (rCMRglc) also were present in all lobar regions. Comparison of the younger control group with the older control group showed no difference in CMRglc or any rCMRglc (p greater than 0.05). Assessment of language, visuospatial ability, attention and memory showed significant reductions in test scores of the old as compared with the young Down's syndrome subjects. These results show that significant age differences in CMRglc and rCMRglc occur in Down's syndrome but not in healthy controls, and that, although only some older Down's syndrome subjects are demented, significant age reductions in neuropsychologic variables occur in all of them.

Adolescent↗